PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Overlearning”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

An abbreviated overcorrection program to reduce self-stimulatory behaviors.

An economical, abbreviated overcorrection procedure was implemented to reduce several self stimulatory and self abusive behaviors of a severely retarded child. These were monitored, along with a non-targeted behavior, tantrum screams, during treatment sessions, and during non-treatment sessions with the experimenter present or absent. A withdrawal design demonstrated that substantial reductions in essentially all the behaviors were achieved during treatment sessions, with visible though less dramatic reductions occurring at other times. Although long-term follow-up observations showed a recovery of baseline performance, the behaviors again were rapidly brought under control when a modified form of the procedure was re-instituted.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1983

Elimination of nocturnal headbanging in a normal seven-year-old girl using overcorrection plus rewards.

An overcorrection procedure and rewards were implemented to eliminate nocturnal headbanging in a normal 7-yr-old girl. The treatment procedure involved immediate detection of headbanging by an alarm activated by a movement-sensitive switch attached to the child's bed headboard. The overcorrection procedure consisted of practicing intensively the correct form of the relevant behavior (positive practice) and applying a lotion to the irritated area of the scalp (restitution). Rewards were also made contingent upon the absence of headbanging. These procedures resulted in an immediate reduction and eventual total elimination of headbanging. Three- and six-month follow-up assessments showed that headbanging no longer occurred.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Operational specificity: implications for field-based replications.

This paper discusses problems with field-based replications of behavioral interventions. Major issues identified include operational specificity, mislabelling of procedures, relative contributions of components in multi-faceted treatment packages, and impediments to systematic replication. The paper concludes with a call for increased operational specificity in the reporting of both baseline and intervention procedures on the part of researchers and clinicians responsible for dissemination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Treatment of constipation-caused encopresis by a negative reinforcement procedure.

During a baseline condition soiling and the cumulative number of bowel movements of a child suffering from retentive encopresis were recorded. Following this, a DRO (differential reinforcement of other behavior) alone, a DRO plus overcorrection procedure, and a negative reinforcement procedure were each evaluated using a reversal design. The negative reinforcement procedure, which involved having the child sit on the toilet three times a day for increasing time periods if no bowel movement occurred, suppressed soiling and led to regular unprompted daily bowel movements in a very brief period of time. The DRO alone and DRO plus overcorrection conditions produced only a small decline in soiling.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1985

Comprehensive treatment of chronic fire setting in a severely disordered boy.

A comprehensive, multidimensional treatment strategy was designed for a severely behaviorally disordered 10-year-old boy with a 7-year history of setting fires. The study replicates a previous study designed to suppress fire setting, teach appropriate substitute behavior and increase awareness of the consequences of fire setting. Three additional components were added to the original treatment program: relaxation training, a response cost for fire setting, and a visit to a hospital burn unit (overt sensitization). Follow-up data 1 year later indicate that treatment was successful in extinguishing all fire-setting behaviors. The additional treatment components presented in this paper may add to the efficacy and sustained durability of treatment gains in difficult, low frequency fire setting behavior.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1975

Intermanual transfer in the monkey as a function of amount of callosal sparing.

The effects of commissure section, task difficulty and overtraining on the intermanual transfer of tactile learning have been examined. Twenty-one rhesus monkeys were allocated to 4 groups. One group was subjected to complete transection of the corpus callosum, massa intermedia and posterior commissure. Some of this group also sustained a cerebellar section. A second group received a similar division of the commissures but with part of the posterior body of the corpus callosum left intact. A third group received similar division of the commissures but with the posterior commissure left intact. The fourth group formed an unoperated control group. Animals with only the posterior commissure left intact showed little or no transfer. Animals with partial callosal lesions showed significantly greater transfer than animals with total transections, but were impaired relative to the unoperated controls. Estimates have been made of the number of callosal fibres left intact in the animals with partial callosal lesions. These estimates have been correlated with transfer. The correlation was significant on only one task. Neither task difficulty nor overtraining were found to affect transfer significantly. The comparison of transfer of the submodalities of size and roughness was inconclusive.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

An autoradiographic study of the chick brain after imprinting.

On the first day after hatching domestic chicks were exposed to an imprinting stimulus, a horizontal yellow slit of light moving upwards in a window and presented at a rate of 4 slits/sec. Chicks were exposed for either 45 min (undertrained) or 180 min (overtrained) on the first day of hatching (60 or 240 min in the case of 1 pair). On the second day all birds were exposed for a further 63 min. Twenty birds were matched in pairs and each chick received 1.1 muCi [14C]uracil/g body weight injected into the heart region before exposure on day 2. At 150 min after the injection the chicks were decapitated and serial coronal sections of their brains cut; alternate pairs of sections were prepared for autoradiography. The optical density for a number of major anatomical regions was measured. The measurements for each region were averaged over congruent to 0.6 mm 'slabs' of brain and expressed as a percentage of the mean of all measurements for that brain. Standardized mean optical density was significantly greater in undertrained chicks than in overtrained chicks in a part of the medial region of hyperstriatum ventrale (MHV) which extended across two adjacent slabs. The slabs were slightly posterior to the mid-point between anterior and posterior poles of the brain. In the next two, adjacent, anterior slabs the variances for MHV were significantly greater in undertrained chicks than in overtrained chicks. There were no other significant differences between brain regions. Taken together with previous studies these results suggest that the intermediate and medial part of hyperstriatum ventrale is intimately linked with the imprinting process.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Posterior cingulate cortical lesions eliminate learning-related unit activity in the anterior cingulate cortex.

The frequency of multi-unit neuronal firing in response to tonal conditional stimuli increases, and the neuronal responses become discriminative in character, in the anterior and posterior subfields of the cingulate cortex (Brodmann's Area 24 and 29, respectively) during the course of discriminative avoidance conditioning in rabbits. Bilateral electrolytic lesions of the dorsal subicular complex eliminated the training-induced excitatory response in both cortical subfields, suggesting that subiculocortical projection fibers are essential for this effect. Yet, available data indicate that the subicular projection reaches only Area 29, not Area 24. Here we test the hypothesis that the subicular influence attains Area 24 via a synaptic relay in Area 29. The results showed in keeping with the hypothesis, that bilateral aspirative or electrolytic lesions in Area 29 eliminated the training-induced neuronal responses in Area 24. As in the case of subicular lesions, the Area 29 lesions increased the amplitude of the macropotentials in Area 24. These results are discussed in relation to a model of the interactions of the cingulate cortex, hippocampus and the limbic thalamic nuclei during learning.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Hippocampal CA1 evoked response and radial 8-arm maze performance after hippocampal kindling.

Rats with chronically implanted electrodes in the hippocampal CA1 region were trained in the open radial 8-arm maze and then subjected to kindling (afterdischarges, ADs) or 0.17 Hz low-frequency stimulations (LFSs) as controls. Partial kindling (21 ADs) induced a general increase of AD threshold but no motor convulsions. The commissurally evoked average evoked potentials (AEPs) in CA1 were enhanced above the pre-AD baseline or the AEPs in LFS control rats at 1 day after the 1st, 6th, 11th and 16th AD and for at least 25 days after 21 ADs. Similarly, maze performance was significantly worse in kindled than LFS rats for about 4 weeks after 21 ADs/LFSs. The study confirms the long-lasting behavioral effect of partial kindling and suggests that synaptic enhancement may underlie the behavioral disruption.

Animals↗