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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Influence of castration upon the seminal vesicle response to parasympathomimetic drugs.

The influence of castration upon rat seminal vesicle responses to acetylcholine, carbachol and betanechol has been investigated through the determination of the parameters pD2 (the apparent affinity constant), alpha (the intrinsic activity) and rho (the relative responsiveness) of such drugs on vesicles excised from normal and castrated rats. The pD2 and alpha values for carbachol and betanechol and the pD2 value for acetylcholine increased after orchiectomy; the pD2 increase was greater for the first two drugs than for acetylcholine. No significant difference in the values of rho of the acetylcholine receptor system was obtained after castration. Since carbachol and betanechol are not metabolized by cholinesterase, these results may indicate that the reported change in cholinesterase activity following castration is not the only factor to be considered as responsible for the variation in the seminal vesicle pharmacological reactivity. These results suggest that additional experimentation may be necessary to clarify the mode of action of these drugs in this system.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1994

[Postoperative management after cesarean section--infusion therapy and role of intestinal stimulation with parasympathomimetic drugs and dexpanthenon].

In the last decade the incidence of cesarean section has raised worldwide to 15-30% of all deliveries. A standardized postoperative protocol can be applied to most cases and it should be easy to handle and at low costs. In the present randomized, prospective study 76 consecutive patients who hat a cesarean section were investigated. Two different infusion therapy protocols were compared and the role of prophylactic stimulation of peristalsis by parasympathometic drugs and by the pantothenic acid derivative dexpanthenon was evaluated. In group A patient (n = 36) were treated postoperatively with intravenous glucose 5% plus electrolytes and received routinely neostigmine and dexpanthenon, while patients in group B (n = 40) were treated with standardized commercially available solutions without intravenous stimulation of the bowel. Both groups were similar in terms of age, parity, gestational age, past medical history and previous abdominal surgery. The volume of urine and the serum electrolyte levels were similar in both groups postoperatively. The first evacuation of the bowel occurred in most cases on day 3 (A = 69.5%, B = 82.5% of the patients). 50% of the patients in group A complained of abdominal discomfort and pain postoperatively and needed some therapy, while in group B only 22.5% of the cases hat similar complaints. This difference was statistically significant (chi 2 Test: p < 0.02). The present data suggest that prophylactic postoperative stimulation of the peristalsis after cesarean section increases the incidence of abdominal discomfort significantly without influencing the bowel function. Standardized solutions can be used mostly for immediate intravenous fluid replacement and oral intake can be started after 2-6 hours.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Parasympathomimetic effects of mono sodium glutamate.

The effects of Mono sodium glutamate on smooth muscles were studied using the guinea-pig isolated ileum. Mono sodium glutamate produced spasmogenic effect. Atropine blocked the contractile response elicited by Mono sodium glutamate whereas mepyramine and hexamethonium failed to do so. These findings suggest a cholinergic involvement at post ganglionic site of action.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

In-vivo effects of prostaglandin E1 and lysine-bradykinin on rat salivary secretions elicited by parasympathomimetic stimulation.

Intravenous injections of either prostaglandin E1 or lysine bradykinin (kallidin) modified the secretory response of the submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands of the rat to intravenous infusions of acetylcholine. The two substances caused reductions (of from 16 to 67 per cent) in salivary flow rates when administered in concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 micrograms/kg body weight. The effect lasted for 20-30 min, followed by a return to pre-injection levels and in general, depended on the concentration of the secretory stimulator and on the dose of test substance used. In the submandibular and sublingual gland, both substances generally caused a concomitant increase in the salivary Na+ concentrations. This effect depended on the concentrations of acetylcholine and of test substance and varied from 10 to 117 per cent. The effect was more marked in submandibular saliva. Absolute increases in salivary Na+ concentration were not observed in the parotid gland, but the reductions in salivary Na+ concentrations (from 2.5 to 31.7 per cent) were smaller and did not parallel the simultaneous reduction in flow rate, which was between 16.4 and 60.4 per cent. As both kinins and prostaglandins are present in the glands and may be activated as a result of secretory or metabolic activity, the results suggest that they act as modulators of the secretory response to cholinergic stimulation. The divergent effects on flow rate and on salivary Na+ concentration suggest that kinins and prostaglandins have specific and independent effects on acinar and duct cells.

Acetylcholine↗