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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Automation of an absorbed enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis antibodies for an eradication program.

As part of an ongoing Johne's disease eradication program by the state of Victoria, Australia, the Victorian Veterinary Pathology Services (VVPS) has been involved in testing over 150000 cattle samples per year for the presence of Johne's-specific antibodies. The Parachek kit (CSL, Victoria, Australia) has been used throughout the project. This method was automated using a Rosys 3300 and a Plato 7 (Dade/Behring Diagnostics) to pipette samples and the Behring ELISA Processor 3 (Dade/Behring Diagnostics) to wash EIA plates, add reagents, reads absorbances and perform data reduction of the results. Automation saved about 15h of labour per day, allowing one staff member to analyse up to 2000 samples per 8h shift compared to 800 samples using a manual protocol. Problems that were encountered include pipetting issues, the reading of the Paracheck endpoint, and excessive packaging of the kit. Maintenance, calibration and control of the analysers were an integral part of the process. VVPS, working in conjunction with CSL, suggested modification to the Parachek kit to make automation of the product more convenient. The approach resulted in a change in reagent volume and a reduction in packaging that reduced the cost of the test by 25%.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cloning and expression of the superoxide dismutase gene of the feline strain of Porphyromonas gingivalis: immunological recognition of the protein by cats with periodontal disease.

Recent evidence suggests that feline members of the genus Porphyromonas are of consequence in periodontal disease in cats. Several possible virulence factors from feline strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis have been described that have similarities to those of human P. gingivalis. Both human and feline strains of P. gingivalis produce superoxide dismutase (SOD) which has been proposed as modulator of the inflammatory response during infection. The objective of this study was to clone the superoxide dismutase gene of feline P. gingivalis, to compare the characteristics of its product with that of the native enzyme and to determine its immunoreactivity in cats with periodontal disease. The sod gene of the feline strain Veterinary Pathology and Bacteriology (VPB) 3457 of P. gingivalis was amplified by PCR and cloned in frame with the alpha-peptide of the LacZ gene of E. coli in plasmid pUC19. This construct expressed SOD activity in E. coli with characteristics similar to those of the native SOD enzyme of P. gingivalis human strain 381 and the parent feline strain VPB 3457. The recombinant SOD had an apparent molecular weight of 54,700+/-1300 (S.E.M.) and was inactivated by 5mM hydrogen peroxide but not by 2mM KCN. There was a significant association (P=0.005) between the immunoreactivity of cats to P. gingivalis VPB 3457 soluble whole cell proteins on immunoblots and their responsiveness to the SOD protein. This suggests that cats showing a marked serum responsiveness to P. gingivalis itself, react to the SOD enzyme and further supports the role of feline P. gingivalis in periodontal disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Visual assessment of pneumonic area in ovine lungs.

Twelve veterinarians were asked to estimate the percentage of lung surface that appeared consolidated in eleven projected colour transparencies of pneumonic ovine lungs. The estimates were compared to the pneumonic area measured by image analysis. Although all observers had some experience in veterinary pathology there was considerable variation between individuals in the accuracy of their estimates. Large lesions were underestimated and small lesions overestimated by most observers.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1994

Mycotic disease in the common New Zealand gecko (Hoplodactylus maculatus).

Two adult female geckoes (Hoplodactylus maculatus) from the National Wildlife Centre, Mt Bruce, Masterton, died within the period of a month and were presented to the Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health at Massey University for necropsy. The first gecko had numerous 1-2 mm diameter punctate ulcers of the skin over the ventral and dorsal regions of the body. The second animal had slight discolouration of some of the scales. Skin swabs were taken from each case for culture. There were no other gross lesions apparent at necropsy. Histologically, the only lesions in the first gecko were areas of epidermal and dermal ulceration involving fungi and bacteria. In the second gecko, there was limited inflammation in the skin, but in the lungs there was necrosis of the pulmonary septae and constituent muscle bundles caused by fungi whose septate mycelia extended into adjacent large blood vessels and caused mycotic thrombi; hyphae were also found in the spleen and liver. Paecilomyces sp. septate fungus was recovered from both geckoes and Pseudomonas spp. and a mixed Gram-negative flora were recovered from the cutaneous lesions on culture. The death of the first gecko was considered to be due to widespread ulcerative dermatitis, while that of the second gecko was thought to be due to mycotic pneumonitis and mycotic septicaemia. It is believed that environmental factors, such as cold temperature and high humidity, contributed to a reduction in the immune response in the affected geckoes, with the consequent development of overwhelming fungal infections.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2003

Identifying predators - a role for veterinary pathologists (abstract).

Predator identification has traditionally been the domain of ecologists who have relied on the feeding sign left by various predator species at the nest or carcass. Thus destructive animals such as cats and dogs can be distinguished from relatively clean predators such as mustelids and messy predators such as possums and rats. The presence of scats or foot imprints, and the location of the nest or carcass are also useful signs, however in many cases it may be impossible to distinguish between predators and scavengers. New technology such as time-lapse photography and video surveillance are valuable tools but still cannot monitor every event. Veterinary pathology can play a useful role by carefully examining and recording the site and severity of lesions and distinguishing between ante- and post mortem tissue damage, using histopathology if necessary. Distances between the canine teeth can be measured from bite marks in the skin and subcutaneous tissues, and mammalian fur on the claws and beak of larger birds can be identified by measuring fibre length and diameter.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

John McFadyean and the centenary of the first isolation of Campylobacter species.

Campylobacter species recently emerged as a leading cause of acute diarrhea in humans, but it is not generally known that these species were first cultured from samples from aborting ewes as far back as 1906. This took place in the United Kingdom during a study that spanned several years of epizootic abortion in cattle and sheep. The chief investigator in this major undertaking was John McFadyean, a little-known yet remarkable man who founded veterinary pathology in Britain and who made immense contributions to public health. A brief portrayal illustrates his uncompromising dedication to scientific accuracy and to his profession, often in the face of opposition.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Natural histories of infectious disease: ecological vision in twentieth-century biomedical science.

During the twentieth century, disease ecology emerged as a distinct disciplinary network within infectious diseases research. The key figures were Theobald Smith, F. Macfarlane Burnet, René Dubos, and Frank Fenner. They all drew on Darwinian evolutionism to fashion an integrative (but rarely holistic) understanding of disease processes, distinguishing themselves from reductionist "chemists" and mere "microbe hunters." They sought a more complex, biologically informed epidemiology. Their emphasis on competition and mutualism in the animated environment differed from the physical determinism that prevailed in much medical geography and environmental health research. Disease ecology derived in part from studies of the interaction of organisms - micro and macro - in tropical medicine, veterinary pathology, and immunology. It developed in postcolonial settler societies. Once a minority interest, disease ecology has attracted more attention since the 1980s for its explanations of disease emergence, antibiotic resistance, bioterrorism, and the health impacts of climate change.

Biomedical Research↗
PubMed1998

A severity score for spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis.

OBJECTIVE: To derive a severity score for spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis applicable to general practice. DESIGN: Cohort study of canine pancreatitis cases. PROCEDURE: Cases (n = 68) of spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis presented to general practitioners were identified among accessions to Veterinary Pathology Services Brisbane. The primary veterinarian was surveyed by telephone to ascertain the outcome of each case. Scores were assigned for extent of hyperamylasaemia, hyperlipasaemia and number of organ systems other than the pancreas compromised. The probability of mortality with each score of each analyte was calculated. The strength of interaction between scores for each analyte and mortality rate was assessed by chi-square analysis where appropriate. Relationships between the organ system score, other physiological variables and likelihood of euthanasia were analysed. RESULTS: Scores derived mathematically from analysis of enzyme activities had poor abilities to predict mortality. The score based upon the number of organ systems compromised showed good ability to predict mortality and the interaction between the organ system score and mortality rate was significant by chi-square analysis (P < 0.01). Distribution of data within the amylase and lipase scores was not compatible with chi-square analysis. CONCLUSION: Assessment of severity of spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis using pancreatic enzyme activities is potentially inaccurate. The use of a severity score based upon organ system compromise was more accurate in determining the likelihood of mortality in spontaneous canine acute pancreatitis. This is compatible with the hypothesis that severe canine acute pancreatitis is a multiple organ failure syndrome.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

A survey of post mortem findings in 480 horses 1958 to 1980: (1) causes of death.

The causes of death recorded in 480 consecutive post mortem examinations of horses performed at the department of pathology, Veterinary Field Station, University of Liverpool, between February 1958 and February 1980, are reported. The alimentary, locomotor and nervous systems were those most frequently diseased. The most common specific entities were those associated with grass sickness, fractures and endoparasitism.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A survey of post mortem findings in 480 horses 1958 to 1980: (2) disease processes not directly related to the cause of death.

Disease processes not directly related to the cause of death recorded in 480 consecutive post mortem examinations of horses performed at the department of pathology, Veterinary Field Station, University of Liverpool, between February 1958 and February 1980 are reported. The alimentary, cardiovascular, respiratory and locomotor systems were those most frequently diseased. The most common specific entities were those associated with endoparasitism and its associated vascular lesions, pneumonia and fractures.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and the dawn of a new era in the control of infection.

Literature reports concerned with monoclonal antibodies against bacteria, or their toxins, which are pathogens for man and animals were surveyed. These antibodies have important potential uses in human and veterinary pathology and medicine. They are likely to become key elements in a fast progression toward a more complete understanding and control of infectious diseases and of toxin poisoning. A new area of bacteriology relevant to sanitary engineering is also being advanced with the help of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies. This area involves bacteria that produce the biofuel methane, along with other molecules of nutritional value, through a process which brings about the recycling of organic wastes and thereby limits or controls microbial contamination of soil and water.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prognostic significance of angiogenesis in canine mammary tumors.

The purpose of the study was to determine if neovascularization, a measure of angiogenesis, is correlated with metastasis of mammary tumors in dogs. Forty-six paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of benign and malignant canine mammary tumors obtained from 42 clinical cases at the Iowa State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital were retrieved from the archives of the Department of Veterinary Pathology. Of the dogs with malignant tumors, cases with and without lymph node metastasis were chosen. Neovascularization was quantified by light microscopy on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of canine mammary tumors using an avidin biotin immunoperoxidase assay for factor VIII-related antigen. Mean microvessel counts for each group were statistically evaluated using analysis of variance. The mean number of microvessels was highest in the malignant tumors of dogs with lymph node metastasis (44). This number was significantly different from the mean number of microvessels in the benign tumors (28; P = .03) and a trend occurred toward higher microvessel counts in malignant tumors with lymph node metastasis versus malignant tumors of dogs without metastasis (32; P = .1). No significant difference was found between the number of microvessels found in malignant tumors without metastasis versus benign tumors. The trend toward higher microvessel counts in mammary tumors that have metastasized supports the premise that angiogenesis may be an independent and significant prognostic indicator in dogs with malignant mammary tumors, as it is in women with breast cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in pigs.

Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization were compared for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Fifteen piglets experimentally infected with PEDV were used in the study. In addition, 94 diarrheic piglets submitted to the Department of Veterinary Pathology in Seoul National University for diagnosis of PEDV infection were used to compare the 3 methods. Antigen and nucleic acid of PEDV were detected in 15/15, 13/15, and 14/15 of the intestinal and fecal samples from the PEDV-inoculated pigs by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization, respectively. The virus was isolated from 15/15 of the jejunal samples from the PEDV-inoculated pigs. Neither PEDV antigen nor PEDV nucleic acid was detected in the intestinal and fecal samples from mock-infected control pigs. Of the 94 samples, 63 were positive for PEDV by all 3 techniques. Six samples were positive for PEDV by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Three samples were positive for PEDV by in situ hybridization and RT-PCR. Seven samples were positive for PEDV by RT-PCR. Although RT-PCR identified the presence of PEDV more frequently than the other methods, when only formalin-fixed tissues are submitted, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization would be useful methods for the detection of PEDV antigen and nucleic acid.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The frequency of neoplasms in dogs dissected in Berlin].

A retrospective study of relative frequencies and relative risks of cancer of 7,169 dogs which were necropsied between 1981 and 1990 at the Institute of Veterinary Pathology of the FU Berlin was performed. In the sample cancer as cause of death accounted for 24.08% of all necropsied dogs. The mean age of dogs with cancer was 10.2 years while dogs without cancer died at a mean age of 5.3 years. Relative risks of cancer were 1.16 for females and 0.86 for males. Cancer was found in 41.9% of all necropsied boxers, which showed the highest relative risk (1.81) of all breeds. Lymphatic and hematopoietic organs and mammary glands were the most frequent site for tumors. Altogether it could be shown that the most frequent tumors were of epithelial origin (43.91%).

Age Factors↗
PubMed1989

[The frequency and pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP)].

Between 1980 and 1987 about 10% of the cats which underwent a post mortem examination at the Institute of Veterinary Pathology of the Freie Universität Berlin were infected with feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The exudative, granulomatous or mixed form of the FIP are all symptoms of the same disease whose clinical picture is dependent on the state of the cellular immunity. Statistically there is no significant relationship between the form of the FIP and the age of the cats. A breed or a sex disposition is also not apparent. 42 organs and/or tissue samples were taken from a total of 30 cats and were examined both histologically and immunohistochemically. The antigen is located, above all, in the mesothelium and the cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system, whereas the parenchymatous inflammation foci show little evidence of the FIP-virus-antigen. The antigen is, however, also found in the nerve cells. Within the framework of a second viraemia, occurring after infection of the mesothelium (polyserositis), a perivasculitis non purulenta generalisata occurs. Possible excretory organs of the antigen are the respiratory, digestive and urinary tract.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Mycosis in the stomach compartments of cattle.

During a period of 22 months, 9.7% (23 out of 238) of the cattle necropsied at the Department of Veterinary Pathology had mycotic affections in the stomach compartments. The various stomach compartments were affected in the following pattern: omasum: 15 cases, rumen: 10 cases, reticulum: 8 cases and abomasum: 6 cases. In 5 of the animals mycotic affection was also found in other organs of which the liver was most often involved. Out of the 23 cases described, a primary diagnosis of mycosis was only established in 5 cases. In the remaining 18 cases the mycotic infection was regarded as being of a minor importance in the total necropsy result. Macroscopically and histologically the mycotic processes could be grouped into acute, subacute or chronic affections. In 20 cases only one type of inflammation was present, in the remaining cases combinations were found. Identification of the infective agent was performed by immunological staining of hyphal structures in tissue sections. Members of the Zygomycetes were found to predominate as causative fungi. Aspergillus fumigatus was found to have a propensity for infecting the terminal gastric compartments, whereas the Zygomycetes were found regularly in all compartments. Candida spp. were only found in 1 case. Predisposing factors for developing systemic mycosis are discussed. Among these especially the use of antimicrobial drugs, other diseases, metabolic disturbances and stressors in the post parturient period seem to be important.

Animals↗