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PubMed1981

Factor structure of classroom behavior problems for mainstreamed and regular students.

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the factor structure of behavior exhibited in the regular classroom in order to provide a conceptual framework for classifying problem behavior relevant to the classroom setting, and (2) to determine the extent to which the factors generated from ratings of regular classroom children are similar to those generated from ratings of mainstreamed special education children. Thirty-five elementary-school teachers completed behavior ratings for all of their 876 students utilizing a group-administered adapted version of the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale. The factor analysis yielded five factors defined as Conduct Problem, Personality Problem, Adaptive Classroom Behavior, Inadequacy-Immaturity, and Achievement Anxiety. Coefficients of factorial congruence confirmed the similarity between the pattern generated from ratings of regular students and that of mainstreamed students.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Shape and position of the haploid peak in flow cytometric sperm histograms for the assessment of andrological diseases.

Ejaculates from 45 patients with various andrological diseases and from healthy men were analyzed by flow cytometric DNA measurements. The sperm histograms obtained by this method were subjected to mathematical analysis. The height, width and position of the haploid (1 C) peak proved to be a useful criterion for the discrimination of spermatozoa from patients with heterogeneous testicular disorders (SHTD, "mixed atrophy") and homogeneous testicular disorders (SETD) with delivery of immature spermiogenetic cells as compared to healthy persons.

DNA↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Optic coherent tomography in patients with immature cataract and pseudophakia].

Optic coherent tomography (OCT) was used to examine 14 persons (15 eyes) before and the following day after laser cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. There were slight, but statistically significant differences in the quantitative indicators of OCT in the eyes of immature cataract and pseudophakia (a reduction in the minimum retinal thickness in the foveolar area and that in the design volume of the macular area by the order of 1.4% of the baseline value). The above differences are likely to be largely due to the optic features of the pseudophakic eye; however, this suggestion needs further experimental and clinical studies.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

[Charcot's blue edema, a case].

The case of an 18 year old Algerian girl with acrocyanosis of the four extremities since childhood and presenting a with 6 months history of oedema of the left hand resulting in severe functional handicap, is reported. Clinically, the oedema suggested a lymphatic origin. However, its localised, strictly unilateral distribution, the normality of vascular investigations, the absence of pain and regression of the oedema during the period of hospitalisation suggested autoaggression. The discovery of tourniquet marks on the skin of the thigh confirmed the diagnosis of Charcot's blue oedema. The patient has a hysterical personality, was of higher than normal intelligence but immature, and could only express herself through her functional handicap, a cry for affection in a rigid family environment only concerned by her scholastic achievements. To our knowledge, there have been 27 other reports of this condition since Charcot's first description in 1890. The majority concerned young intelligent women. Diagnosis is difficult and can only be confirmed by the finding of tourniquet marks on the skin. Psychotherapy is often useful as an underlying neurotic or psychotic personality is commonly found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Future challenges for behavioural research in adolescent health.

Risk to health during adolescence is more likely due to behaviour than disease. Problems arise because behaviour is distally removed from its consequences and negative reinforcement is not contiguous with it. The paper reviews recent research and the problems faced by health workers in devising educational programmes when behaviour, in the cultural value system of adolescents, is present-oriented and outcomes are future-oriented. The challenge to the behavioural scientist is to develop health education programmes which have personal meaning to adolescents. Working against this aim are such processes as adolescent taboos, locus of control, the personal fable, risk behaviours and social-cognitive immaturity. Suggestions are made for research scientists to devise and evaluate programmes to change the operational liberalism of adolescent behaviour by installing more ideologically conservative attitudes in the hope that behavioural change will follow.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Self-destructive dermatoses.

It appears certain that the causes of self-destructive dermatoses are many and complex. The disorder spans diagnostic categories and varies from unconscious picking at the skin to severe self-destructive actions. Although not limited to any one diagnosis, skin disorders appear to be more prevalent in depression. This association may involve activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis commonly found in depression. Two specific types of commonly occurring dermatoses-neurotic excoriations and dermatitis artefacta-are reviewed in this article. The major distinction of these disorders centers on whether the patient can admit to self-mutilation. Because of the difficulties in dermatitis artefacta with insight and body-image, it has been compared with anorexia nervosa. Often, dermatitis artefacta coexists with anorexia nervosa. In both disorders, neurotic excoriations and dermatitis artefacta, the personality style tends to be introverted with emotional immaturity. These patients have difficulty when they are under stress; the problem is compounded because of poor communication skills. Pharmacotherapy is of limited usefulness, and psychotherapy is often times hindered by strong resistance to exploring long-standing emotional issues. Once an alliance is established with the therapist, however, these issues may be examined. Prognosis is variable but does seem to directly correlate with the duration of the illness. Young individuals may experience alleviation of symptoms after one session of psychotherapy, whereas older patients may never have resolution. Dermatologic abuse involving psychosis has many presentations; one of the most common involves infestation. Organic causes must always be excluded as part of the differential diagnosis. In schizophrenia, this presentation has one of the highest incidences of suicide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

[Hematologic complications in acute alcoholism].

The authors investigated the relations between cell anomalies (vacuolation, increasing sideroblastosis) caused by the uptake of alcohol and the dynamics of haematopoesis in the bone-marrow of 33 alcoholists who had been admitted in a comatose condition and who were neither affected with anaemia nor with chronic hepatitis. In all cases a maturation arrest of erythropoetic and granulopoetic cell elements which was not in accordance with the number of immature vacuolated cells could be observed. 12 test persons showed increased sideroblastic indices and a slightly diminished medullary reticulocytosis. The majority showed a very active thrombocytopoesis contrasting with the normal or even diminished number of thrombocytes in the peripheral blood. The authors come to the conclusion that alcohol will cause a general metabolic damage of haematopoesis and at the same time it will produce a direct toxic effect on the bone-marrow cells (proerythroblasts, promyelocytes) and the peripheral blood (thrombocytes).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Cholesterol, phospholipids, and fatty acids of normal immature neutrophils: comparison with acute myeloblastic leukemia cells and normal neutrophils.

The lipid composition of immature myeloid cells from the bone marrow of normal persons and myeloblasts from patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia was studied and compared with the lipid composition of normal mature human neutrophils. Total cholesterol, phospholipid, and fatty acid composition was determined on each cell type. The leukemic cells showed decreased total cholesterol and cholesterol-to-phospholipid ratio, increase phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol, decreased phosphatidylethanolamine, and an increased percentage of unsaturated fatty acids when compared to normal mature neutrophils. A nearly identical pattern was seen in the normal immature myeloid precursors from normal bone marrow. We conclude that the altered lipid composition of acute myeloblastic leukemia cells is related to unexplained factors related to cell age and not to malignancy per se.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1977

The fatty acid composition of sphingomyelin from adult human cerebral white matter and changes in childhood, senium and unspecific brain damage.

A micromethod for the investigation of the fatty acid composition of sphingomyelin in presented. In the cerebral white matter of 17 normal adult brains, analyzed for reference, the predominant fatty acids are C 18:0 and C 24:1. Our results are in agreement with those of other authors. Short chained fatty acids are relatively increased in young children; this shift is typical of "immature" myelin. Similar changes are described here in old persons and cases of non-specific brain damage associated with demyelination (autolysis, chronic uremia, juvenile chorea). Sphingomyelin fatty acid composition can be considered a sensitive measure of both disturbed myelination and demyelination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Experience guided neuronal plasticity. Significance for pathogenesis and therapy of psychiatric diseases].

Whereas the basic wiring of the mammalian central nervous system is genetically predefined, its fine tuning throughout different phases of infancy, childhood, and adulthood are highly experience-dependent. There is growing evidence from a variety of experimental data that juvenile experience and learning events modulate the functional maturation of the brain, thereby shaping the neuronal substrate for the development of intellectual and socioemotional capacities. Since early experiences occur during phases of elevated neuronal and synaptic plasticity, they induce an "imprinting" of synaptic connectivity and neural circuitry in the infant brain. Results from experimental research support the hypothesis that impoverished intellectual stimulation and traumatic socioemotional experience during early childhood may impair the formation of functional brain pathways, in particular of the limbic circuits, which play a major role in emotional behavior and learning. Such defective systems, representing functional "scars" in the brain, may be the neuronal basis of a variety of mental disorders and clinical symptoms caused by early stressful psychosocial environments. A basic thesis of this paper is that mechanisms involved in neuronal learning and memory are not only used and reused in structuring the CNS during the initial establishment of connections in the immature brain but also can be employed in molding personality and behavior during psychotherapy in adulthood.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Detection of small numbers of immature cells in the blood of healthy subjects.

AIMS: To determine the frequency of immature haemopoietic cells in the peripheral blood of healthy persons. METHODS: Cytocentrifuge preparations were made using mononuclear leucocytes separated by a Ficoll-Hypaque density gradient. The slides were stained by May-Grünwald-Giemsa. The combination with immunoperoxidase technique allowed immunotyping of uncommon blood cells. RESULTS: Blast cells expressing the progenitor cell marker CD34 represented 0.11 (0.06) per cent (mean (SD)) of the total mononuclear leucocyte count; these were the haemopoietic progenitor cells in the peripheral blood. Dark blue cells expressing CD38, CD45, HLA-DR, CD4, CD11a, CD29, CD49d, CD50, and CD54 represented 0.30 (0.21) per cent of the mononuclear leucocytes; most of these cells did not express T, B, NK, myelomonocytic, progenitor cell, proliferation, activation, blood dendritic cell, or follicular dendritic cell markers. These were dendritic cell precursors in the peripheral blood. Very small numbers of cells expressing CD83 were found. Blast-like cells expressing CD45, HLA-DR, CD11a, and CD50 represented 0.15 (0.10) per cent of the mononuclear leucocytes; morphology and immunotyping supported the conclusion that these cells were poorly differentiated monocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Morphological investigation of mononuclear leucocytes in peripheral blood of healthy persons can be used to detect small numbers of blasts, dark blue cells, and blast-like cells. The immunoperoxidase technique can then be used for immunotyping of these cells. This simple method may be helpful in diagnosing haematological disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Jealousy: the pathology of passion.

Emotions may be rooted in biology but the process of cultural construction gives those emotions form and a language for their expression. The changing construction of jealousy in Western societies has transformed a socially sanctioned response to infidelity into a form of personal pathology which is the mere outward expression of immaturity, possessiveness and insecurity. This is a history of the stripping away of social, ethical and finally interpersonal meanings from an experience, to leave it as a piece of individual psychopathology. Fidelity and jealousy are constructed as they are because of the nature of the social and economic realities which drive our culture. The erosion of the area of human experience which could be identified with normal jealousy leaves the boundary between the pathological jealousy of psychiatry and normal experience increasingly problematic.

Delusions↗
PubMed1982

[Studies on the occupational maladjustment syndrome. With reference to the survey of examinations, etiological factors and treatment].

A survey of medical examinations has been made on occupational maladjustment syndrome (O.M.A.S.). We have examined and treated on 358 patients with O.M.A.S. during the past 10-15 years at two clinics; one was a company's clinic (this company has 15,000 employees) and the other was the clinic at the Dept. of Mental Health, Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health during the past 15 years. Discussions have been made on 150 patients whom we directly treated. Our 358 subjects having O.M.A.S. do not include those with secondary O.M.A. resulting from psychosis, depression, neurosis and physical impairment. From that reason, our subjects are categorized in a narrow sense, in a category which may be called as "adjustment disorder." The results are summarized as follows. 1. The patients with O.M.A.S. were found almost in males and most commonly found among patients in the twenties. 2. The average rate of patients with O.M.A.S. among all the patients who visited two clinics, was 4.1% at our clinic and 16.7% at the company's clinic. 3. At our clinic, the number of patients with O.M.A.S. was followed by the number of those with neurosis, schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychotic zone. This trend was also the same at the company's clinic. 4. As the cause of O.M.A.S., we found the following occupational factors; firstly, transposition by selective promotion, secondly, complication of job-quality, and thirdly, promotion to middle management position. As to personal factors, i.e. as to characteristic individual personality we found mostly rigid and serious trait, next immaturity and egotism, and timidity and nervousness. 5. The relation between the occupational and individual factors was examined from the psychodynamic point of view. From the result, O.M.A.S. was classified into 5 groups which consisted of the core group, dropout group, special job maladjustment group, transient reaction group and others. 6. In conclusion of the above mentioned data, the authors emphasize that it is important to explain and advise by the therapists not only for patients and their families, but also for their colleagues or superiors in their working place.

Adjustment Disorders↗
PubMed2004

Reliability and validity of the Japanese edition of the Defense Style Questionnaire 40.

Defense styles have a close relationship with ego development and psychopathology. The purpose of the present paper was to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese edition of the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ-40; Andrews et al. 1993). Six hundred and six Japanese university students (348 female) completed the DSQ-40 and Maudsley Personality Inventory (MPI). The neurotic tendency had positive correlations with immature and neurotic defense styles and a negative correlation with the mature defense style. The extroversion tendency had positive correlations with the mature and neurotic defense styles and a negative correlation with the immature defense style. There was a significant test-retest correlation for all items of the DSQ-40 (n = 284). The results show that the Japanese version of the DSQ-40 had concurrent validity with the MPI and a test-retest reliability of 2 months, although there was some doubt about the validity of the factor structure of the DSQ-40. Therefore, the DSQ-40 is a useful scale in Japan to measure ego development and ego function through defense styles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Life events stress and psychosocial factors in men with peptic ulcer disease. A multidimensional case-controlled study.

We carried out a case-controlled study of multiple psychological and social factors in 49 men with complicated or uncomplicated peptic ulcer disease. Thirty-two men with renal stones or gallstones and 20 healthy men served as controls. Ulcer patients and controls experienced a similar number of potentially stressful life events. However, ulcer patients perceived their events more negatively (p less than 0.05). Ulcer patients also had significantly more personality disturbances than controls, although no one type of "ulcer personality" was found consistently. Some ulcer patients tended to be hypochondriacal complainers, overly pessimistic, and excessively dependent. Other personality disturbances were also more common in ulcer patients (e.g., immaturity, impulsivity, and feelings of social isolation and alienation). Ulcer patients had significantly lower ego strength and they had fewer friends and relatives whom they felt they could call upon in times of crisis. Finally, ulcer patients exhibited significantly more emotional distress in the form of depression and anxiety. Hypochondriasis, a negative perception of their life events, dependency, and lowered ego strength were the four variables that best discriminated ulcer patients from controls. This controlled study demonstrates a strong association between life events stress, psychosocial factors, and peptic ulcer disease.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Maturity of ego defenses in relation to DSM-III axis II personality disorder.

Independent raters assessed a cohort of 307 inner-city men on three dimensions of psychosocial dysfunction: the Health-Sickness Rating Scale (HSRS), axis II of DSM-III, and dominant choice of ego mechanisms of defense. Two thirds of the 74 men with personality disorders and three fourths of the 55 men with the low scores (0 to 65) on the HSRS primarily used immature defense mechanisms (ie, projection, schizoid fantasy, passive aggression, dissociation, hypochondriasis, and acting out). Only 10% of men without personality disorders and only 10% of men with HSRS scores of over 70 were noted to favor such defenses.

Adolescent↗