SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “PHILOSOPHY”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Quality of life philosophy I. Quality of life, happiness, and meaning in life.

In the Danish Quality of Life Survey, we asked 10,000 people about their quality of life with the validated SEQOL questionnaire with more than 300 questions on their quality of life. How did they feel? How content were they with their lives? How happy were they? Did they feel their needs were fulfilled? And many more questions. We asked the questions we believed to be important for their quality of life (QOL). The results were quite surprising and forced us to recontemplate the following philosophical questions: What is quality of life, happiness, and meaning in life? What is a human being? Do we need a new biology? Is the brain the seat of consciousness? How do we seize the meaning of life and by doing so, will we become well again? What are the key concepts of quality of life? The meaning of life is connectedness and development. It is about realizing every opportunity and potential in one"s existence. The opportunities must be found and acknowledged. What do you find when you find yourself deep down? You find your real self and your purpose in life. You realize that you are already a part of a larger totality. Antonovsky called it "coherence". Maslow called it "transcendence". Frankl called it "meaning of life". We call it simply "being". To test if these philosophical questions are actually relevant for medicine, we looked at the consequences for patients being taught the quality of life philosophy. Quite surprisingly we learned from our pilot studies with "quality of life as medicine" that just by assimilating the basic concepts of the quality of life philosophy presented in this series of papers, patients felt better and saw their lives as more meaningful. The improvement of the patient"s personal philosophy of life seems to be the essence of holistic medicine, helping the patient to assume more responsibility for his or her own existence.

Denmark↗

PubMed2003

Measurement of quality of life II. From the philosophy of life to science.

We believe it should be possible to make operational the philosophical ideas of the good life in order to make it the object of scientific research. The Quality of Life Research Center in Copenhagen, Denmark has therefore spent the last several years with these questions and tried to find practical and evidence-based scientific solutions. This paper describes the theoretical road taken in moving from the abstract philosophy of life to the actual questionnaire. It presents an important aspect of our work with the quality-of-life (QOL) concept though the last decade. We have developed the quality-of-life philosophy; the SEQOL, QOL5, and QOL1 questionnaires; the quality-of-life theory; and the quality-of-life research methodology. We carried out quality-of-life population surveys and developed techniques for improving quality of life with the chronically sick patient. This paper presents the struggle to create a rating scale for the generic measurement of the global quality of life, based on quality-of-life theory, derived from quality-of-life philosophy. The developed rating scale is a ratio scale combining a Likert scale, a visual analogue scale, and a numerical scale, to a reduced combination scale. This allows for the extraction of as much information from the respondents as possible without exhausting them unduly or demanding more than can be reasonably expected.

Human Development↗

PubMed2002

An empirical investigation of the effectiveness of contemporary managerial philosophies in a hospital operational setting.

The new realities of the healthcare marketplace are forcing healthcare decision makers to implement innovative operational philosophies, techniques, and tools that were proven in other industries to enhance the effectiveness of their organization. This study examines the acceptance and effectiveness of these philosophies, techniques, and tools in a hospital operational setting. The impact of implementation on operational and strategic outcomes is examined for 108 hospitals. Overall, the results of this study appear to indicate that certain quality improvement philosophies, techniques, and tools have been successful when applied in a hospital operational setting.

Diffusion of Innovation↗

PubMed1980

Philosophy and nursing.

It is claimed that philosophy has a distinctive contribution to make to the education of nurses and their teachers, as well as to the development of nursing theory and research. After a brief characterization of philosophy and philosophy of education, stressing its relationship with thinking processes, and the development of personal values, the above claim is supported in the body of the article by discussion of four central concerns in nursing. First the concept of caring where cognitive, moral and attitudinal aspects are examined and secondly, the importance of gaining a moral and political consciousness of assumptions underlying a nurse's work. Thirdly, a discussion of some ethical and other implications in adopting a systems approach to the nursing process. Finally an anlysis of nursing theory and research which draws attention to the value of non-empirical work, and reiterates criticisms of the objectives approach as a research tool.

Education, Nursing↗

PubMed1988

A comparison of nurse-related behaviour, philosophy of care and job satisfaction in team and primary nursing.

The study compares team and primary nursing modes of organization of nursing care on three related variables, namely: nurse-related behaviour and quality of care, philosophy of care and job satisfaction for nurses. The historical dimension and evolution of modes of care, quality of care, philosophy of care and theories of job satisfaction are discussed within the context of the study. The literature and previous research studies conducted on team and primary nursing are reviewed and comparisons of the two are made. Analysis of data collected yielded results which are compared for differences and benefits between team and primary nursing. The results of the study suggest that when compared to team nursing mode of organization of care, primary nursing affords increased quality of care, a more coherent philosophy of nursing and increased job satisfaction for nurses. Methodological problems are examined and implications for policy explored.

England↗

PubMed1995

A magnificent chaos: feminist (nursing) comments on Western philosophy.

This paper primarily concerns feminists' problems with Western philosophy and the implications of these for nursing. My interest arises from some reading of philosophy and a profound disenchantment with its male bias. As Susan Moller Okin says, readers should not be misled by the use of supposedly generic terms like 'mankind' and allegedly inclusive pronouns, into thinking philosophers intended to refer to the whole human race. Moira Gatens takes the view that feminists cannot ignore the frameworks and assumptions of traditional philosophy and identifies three major ways in which the relationship between feminist theory and philosophical discourse can be characterized. In contrasting Gatens' thesis with a nursing case in point about ways of viewing disciplines, some ideas emerge for nurses to find positive ways forward in the philosophical enterprise. The topic extends to feminists' reactions to postmodern thinking and subsequent questions raised by these for nurses and nursing.

Female↗

PubMed2004

Towards a hybrid philosophy of surgical education.

BACKGROUND: Surgical training involves a complex amalgam of skills. This publication seeks to incorporate concepts about higher education into a philosophy of surgical education. METHODS: The core of the present review is derived from a literature search of a computer database (Medline). The notion of competence is used to illustrate the concept of a philosophy of surgical education. CONCLUSION: A predefined philosophy of surgical education may serve as a useful reference point when choices arise during the development of surgical training.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1990

Nursing values and science: toward a science philosophy.

Several premises are proposed for nursing science philosophy in contrast to nursing practice philosophy. These include human understanding, a critical tradition that views science as public knowledge, and use of observation, rationality, explanation, and prediction as a guide to therapy. No argument is made for or against a particular philosophy of science (e.g., positivist, historicist, critical theorist). The debates on the fit of philosophic paradigms with research strategies may soon run their course on the North American continent, as they appear to have done in Scandinavia.

Humanism↗

PubMed2003

Philosophy for medical students--why, what, and how.

In this paper the author's biographical choices and experiences of both medicine and philosophy are first described. Then, the concept of philosophy is briefly examined with special reference to medical education. Finally, various ways of teaching philosophy to medical students are illustrated in the light of examples from the author's own teaching. It is argued that, whatever the form of teaching, somehow the content must be linked to the everyday medical world of the students.

Education, Medical↗

PubMed1997

Philosophy of science and physiology education.

Since the mid-1960s, philosophy of science [particularly that derived from Kuhn's work (The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962)] has become an informal part of the education of scientists worldwide, including physiologists. However, recent postmodernist developments have enraged a number of scientists, who would like to sever any ties with philosophy of science. The author contends that the perceived conflict is due mainly to a misunderstanding of the implications of constructivist assertions and partially to flawed reasoning in a few constructivist approaches. There is no fundamental conflict that would justify the elimination of philosophy of science from science education.

Philosophy↗

PubMed1992

Concepts from eastern philosophy and Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings.

A brief outline of Buddhist thought is presented. Four concepts from early Indian philosophy which contributed to the development of the middle way consequence (Madhyamika Prasangika) school of Tibetan Buddhist philosophy are discussed. These are: action (karma), direct perception, emptiness, and dependent arising. An overview of Martha Rogers' science of unitary human beings is given, followed by a discussion of the concepts of energy field and integrality within her worldview. Buddhist concepts of action, direct valid perception, and emptiness are considered in relation to Rogers' notion of energy field; the concept of dependent arising is compared to Rogers' principle of integrality. It is proposed that Rogers' worldview includes areas of similarity with concepts used in Tibetan Buddhist philosophy.

Buddhism↗

PubMed2003

A reflection on Cicely Saunders' views on a good death through the philosophy of Charles Taylor.

In her writings, Cicely Saunders has developed a total framework of caring for seriously ill people. Saunders' reaction to what she has experienced as bad contemporary post-war health care is to be found in her hospice philosophy. In this article this philosophy is analysed through the writings of Charles Taylor. Taylor is a Canadian philosopher who has delivered important views on what it means to live a 'good' and 'authentic' life in a modern society. By focusing on Saunders' writings from Taylor's perspective it becomes apparent that Saunders has created a very modern theory. The author has found that different aspects of a good and authentic life are important values in Saunders' good and authentic death. These findings are followed by one question: is Saunders' hospice philosophy too focused on values such as individuality, control and autonomy, giving too little attention to fragility and dependency?

Attitude to Death↗

PubMed1999

A personal philosophy and model of nursing.

Understanding the relationships and conflicts between nursing professionals, their health care clients, wellness, and the environment is a major component of any nursing philosophy. This understanding is a fundamental element in The Brown Human Cell Model, a personal philosophy of nursing. The objectives of this model are to assist in obtaining a clearer understanding of the conflicts the nursing professional will encounter with the health care clients, their wellness, and environment. Nursing, client, wellness, and environment are defined according to the personal attitudes, behavior, beliefs, and values of the author. Many factors and essential components were borrowed from other nursing theories in forming this philosophy and model. The model is a replica of a human cell, significant in defining how nursing, client, wellness, and environment relate to a continuum of health.

Communication↗

PubMed1996

[Sixty years of study on medical philosophy in China].

This article includes three aspects, viz. philosophical problems on the background of medical development, philosophy in TCM, and philosophy in integrated medicine and comparative study. It also gives a prospect on the basic problems in the future development of medical philosophpy based on a philosophical standpoint. These includes the study on the law of medical development, analytical study on the basic idea and theoretical struture of medicine, and study on health soft science relevant to philosophy.

China↗

PubMed1993

[The medical philosophy of Choe Han-Ki].

Choe Han-Ki was a philosopher of the 19th century who resided in Seoul. He accumulated vast amount of knowledge of Western science and on the basis of them he built his own philosophical system different from those of the philosophers before him. Not only has he wrote books on philosophy, but many books on science as well. Among them Shin-Ki-Chon-Hum is a very unique medical book which reveals his original medical philosophy. He acquired medical knowledge through the medical books put into Chinese by missionary doctor Hobson and on the basis of them he criticized traditional medicine. He criticized traditional medicine because it explained vital phenomenon through the reductionist theory, such as Oh-Haeng (theory of five phases). And he also criticized it because it lacked in exact anatomical knowledge and that the exact origin of the disease was not known and it had limitations on treatment. He also criticized Western Medicine because it supposed God as a creator. He saw the possibility of communication between Western Medicine and traditional medicine. He didn't regard medicine as concerning disease and health only, but it included everything in it. His philosophy of medicine is just a part of his original system of science, Ki-Hak.

History, 19th Century↗

PubMed1997

John Gregory (1724-1773) and his lectures on the duties and qualifications of a physician establishing modern medical ethics on the base of the moral philosophy and the theory of science of the empiric British Enlightenment.

In 1769/70 the Scottish physician and philosopher John Gregory (1724-1773) published Lectures On the Duties and Qualifications of a Physician. Gregory developed a truely ethical - in the sense of (moral) philosophically based - system of conduct in a physician. His concept of practising and teaching ethics in medicine and science is established on a very broad footing: combining Bacon's (1561-1626) general philosophy of nature and science with both, the general, likewise empirically based moral philosophy of his personal friend David Hume (1711-1776), and with the principles upheld by the so-called Common-Sense Philosophy. His Lectures had - particularly via the famous Code of Medical Ethics of Thomas Percival (1740-1804) - a decisive influence on our contemporary concepts of ethics in medicine and science. John Gregory is, without doubt, one of the most important and certainly the most comprehensive among the founders of what is known today as modern Bioethics.

Bioethics↗

PubMed1994

[The relationship between Bergson's philosophy and medicine].

The relationship between Bergson's philosophy and medicine follows an outline of theoretical situation in philosophy in the second half of 19c. The former relationship is evident in Bergson's mind-body considerations and thoughts concerning philosophical importance of Claude Bernard's works and are of bilateral nature. Bergson criticized lokalization theory and psychophysical paralelism on the ground of the contemporary neurology and psychiatry. Conversely his ideas, particularly those concerning the nature of conscioiusness and aphasia were reflected in both psychopathology and neurology. Bergson perceives the philosophical importance of Claude Bernard primarily in his theoretical experimental bases for research in medicine and biology. The paper closes considering the importance of various conceptions of personality (including Bergson's) in philosophy of medicine and medical practice.

France↗

PubMed2005

[Core of the philosophy of management: self-management].

Philosophy is an aspect of metaphysics; while management, by contrast is a practical matter. In this century, this is especially crucial that management philosophy focuses on value and spiritual intelligence. However, the core of pragmatic management is the manager's emotional intelligence. The purpose of this paper is to expound a manager's own positive values and philosophy, as well as the manager's capacity for the management of his or her own emotions. Ultimately, under a spiritually and emotionally intelligent manager, all aspects of an organization--personnel, business issues, physical assets--will interact harmoniously and the organization will advance.

Emotions↗