[Effect of films with aggressive contents on the aggressive behavior of non-frustrated viewers].
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “PICTURE FRUSTRATION STUDY”
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The psychology and actions of rapists interned in the Kawagoe Juvenile Prison compared with rapists in Tokyo.
The study of the psychology of rapists reveals information which could facilitate the re-orientation of juvenile offenders in prison. The subjects of this study were sixty criminals incarcerated as rapists in the Kawagoe Juvenile Prison at the end of 1985. Questionnaires and various psychological tests (including the Rozenweig Picture--Frustration method) were used to examine their state of mind. Information concerning 173 rape cases referred to the section of Criminal Identification in 1985 was obtained from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police and used for comparison.
Adolescent↗
Gaining insight into the health effects of soy but a long way still to go: commentary on the fourth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease.
Research into the health effects of soyfoods and soybean constituents has increased at a phenomenal pace over the past decade. This research includes a wide range of areas, such as cancer, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive function, menopausal symptoms and renal function. Importantly, there are an increasing number of clinical studies being conducted in this field, which was quite evident from the findings presented at the Fourth International Symposium on the Role of Soy in Preventing and Treating Chronic Disease, November 4-7, 2001, in San Diego, California. There is no doubt that progress in understanding the health effects of soy is being made, but much of the data are frustratingly inconsistent. For example, there were conflicting results presented at the symposium on the role of isoflavones in bone health. Similarly, presentations painted an unclear picture of the role of isoflavones in cholesterol reduction. The relatively short duration and small sample size of many of the human studies in this field likely contribute to the inconsistent results. Although there are some controversies regarding the safety of soy for certain subsets of the population, special sessions at the symposium on breast cancer and cognitive function did much to alleviate concerns that soy could have detrimental effects in these areas. Furthermore, published data and new research presented at this meeting suggest that the consumption of even 10 g (typical of Asian intake) of isoflavone-rich soy protein per day may be associated with health benefits. If this modest amount of soy protein were to be incorporated in the American diet, it would represent only approximately 15% of total U. S. protein intake.
Animals↗
[Personality of amateur boxers--results of a psychological test study].
From March 1980 to October 1980 125 amateur-boxers have been investigated neurologically (anamnesis, neurologic status, EEG) and by a test-psychological examination (Benton-Test, Aufmerksamkeits-Belastungs-Test d2, Color Pyramid Test, Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Test, Freiburger Personality Inventory). In the group of these subjects a striking accumulation of personalities with depressive problems and aggressive inhibition which are not perceived by the subjects themselves was found. This observation is understood as pointing to the fact that for these individuals boxing is the (successful) attempt to master their latent conflicts. Only in a few cases we found personalities with manifest neurotic symptoms. Characteristically these individuals suffered from depressive and aggressive conflicts.
Adolescent↗
Structure and energy landscape of a photoswitchable peptide: a replica exchange molecular dynamics study.
A replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulation of a bicyclic azobenzene peptide in explicit dimethyl sulfoxide solution is presented in order to characterize the conformational structures and energy landscape of a photoswitchable peptide. It is shown that an enhanced-sampling technique such as the REMD method is essential to obtain a converged conformational sampling of the peptide at room temperature. This is because conventional MD simulations of less than approximately 100-ns length are either trapped in local minima (at 295 K) or-if run at high temperature-do not resemble the room-temperature REMD results. Calculating various nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) and (3)J-couplings, a good overall agreement between the REMD simulations and the NMR experiments of Renner et al. (Biopolymers 2000;54:501-514) is found. In particular, the REMD study confirms the general picture drawn by Renner et al. that the trans-isomer of the azobenzene peptide exhibits a well-defined structure, while the cis-isomer is a conformational heterogeneous system; that is, the trans-isomer occurs in 2 well-defined conformers, while the cis-isomer represents an energetically frustrated system that leads to an ensemble of conformational structures. Employing a principal component analysis of the REMD data, the free energy landscape of the systems is studied at various temperatures. The implications for the folding and unfolding pathways of the system are discussed.
Algorithms↗
[Study of group dynamics and relations towards authority in cinematographic participation].
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Adult↗
Stroke and the statistics of the aspirin/clopidogrel secondary prevention trials.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Four randomized trials have investigated the combination of clopidogrel plus aspirin for secondary prevention of vascular outcomes in 54,949 patients. Here we argue that attempts to translate the results of these trials into clinical practice have proven frustrating because of the following statistical considerations: differences in study populations and study design make comparisons difficult (comparisons of 'apples and oranges'), incomplete factorial designs prevent proper contrasts (examining 'bits and pieces' of a larger picture), results concern widely different vascular diseases ('puzzling subgroups'), and negative results are easily misinterpreted. RECENT FINDINGS: Between 1996 and 2004 three major randomized trials assessed combinations of aspirin and clopidogrel, finding: Clopidogrel versus Aspirin in Patients at Risk of Ischemic Events (CAPRIE) in favor of clopidogrel alone versus aspirin alone, Clopidogrel in Unstable Angina to Prevent Recurrent Events (CURE) in favor of clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone, and Management of Atherothombosis with Clopidogrel in High-risk Patients (MATCH) in favor of clopidogrel plus aspirin versus clopidogrel alone. A recently completed fourth trial (Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management and Avoidance; CHARISMA) was a 'negative study' comparing aspirin alone to aspirin plus clopidogrel. SUMMARY: Even after four large randomized trials we still do not know the optimal treatment for secondary prevention of stroke. We suggest that subsequent trials should focus on a particular vascular disease and test hypotheses that relate to a specific mechanism.
Aspirin↗
[Social-emotional and cognitive markers in children of divorce and in children from 2-parent families--a cross sectional study].
Related to the research of the effects of separation and divorce on children there is a lack of empirical studies in Germany. The following cross-sectional field-study directly investigate 48 children from divorced and 32 children from two-parent-families regarding socio-emotional and some cognitive characteristics (nonclinical samples). Projective and semi-projective tests were the preferred instruments. One of the main questions was related to frustration behavior, measured by the Rosenzweig-Picture-Frustration Test (childrens form). This test was used for the first time by a population of German children of divorce. Children of divorce showed a special frustration behavior, a so called M-profile showing many impunitive reactions. They avoid direct conflicts or struggle and try to deny the frustration. Also the subtests of the Hamburg-Wechsler-Intelligence test for children (HAWIK) show clearly that children from divorced families obtain much poorer test values in contrast to children from two-parent homes.
Affective Symptoms↗
The life adjustment process in chronic pain: psychosocial assessment and clinical implications.
Previously, the subjective dimension of suffering from chronic pain has only infrequently been reported in the literature. However, in recent years qualitative psychosocial research has added new perspectives that describe how suffering from chronic pain affects life. The present paper refers to a qualitative study on the subjective experience of women diagnosed with chronic musculoskeletal pain. In a model for life adjustment, turning points and passages are described in three stages. In Stage I, there was increasing pain, disability, and physical and mental exhaustion. Alongside frustration and chaos there was a struggle to restore daily life; therefore, the picture of a healthy future was still intact. Acknowledging that pain may not be temporary marked the transition into Stage II, which was characterized by sorrow and loss, and the picture of the future faded. Once given an explanation of pain (a 'pain diagnosis'), a new understanding developed, with gradual improvement of coping skills. Adjustment eventually progressed into Stage III with the constructive use of past experiences, and competence and control increased. A new picture of the future emerged that could be handled. However, living with pain still required regular maintenance work. The outcome of qualitative investigations, including the one presented here, is discussed along with certain clinical implications. The following clinical implications are reviewed in the present study: distrust from health professionals may obstruct the adjustment process, prolong sick leave and hinder rehabilitation; providing the patient with a diagnosis (eg, an explanation of pain mechanisms) will facilitate life adjustment; acknowledging the individual experience of suffering from chronic pain will make concepts related to pain behaviour, secondary gain and sick role liable to question; and vocational rehabilitation measures should be harmonized with the actual stage of life adjustment.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Personality profiles and state aggressiveness in Finnish alcoholic, violent offenders, fire setters, and healthy volunteers.
BACKGROUND: Based on clinical observations in a series of studies on Finnish alcoholic, violent offenders, we asserted that the impulsive offenders represented an extreme group of type 2 alcoholics. We also observed that these subjects were vulnerable to hypoglycemia after the administration of oral glucose load. Furthermore, we believe that while being hypoglycemic, the impulsive offenders are particularly irritable and aggressive. In the present study, we addressed these issues by studying psychological trait and state variables in a new group of violent offenders and fire setters, and age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers. METHODS: Fifty-eight alcoholic, violent offenders and impulsive fire setters and 21 healthy volunteers were administered the Karolinska scales of personality and the Rosenzweig picture frustration test after an oral aspartame and glucose challenge. RESULTS: The psychological test results and the criminal histories of the offenders, together with biochemical measurements, suggest that a low 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in the alcoholic offenders is associated with irritability and impaired impulse control, and a high free testosterone concentration in cerebrospinal fluid is associated with increased aggressiveness, monotony avoidance, sensation seeking, suspiciousness, and reduced socialization. CONCLUSION: Finnish alcoholic, impulsive offenders have personality profiles characteristic of Scandinavian early-onset male alcoholics with antisocial traits, who have been also referred to as type 2 alcoholics.
Adult↗
[Generalized tendomyopathy: psychological profile of a patient group in the course of integrated treatment].
27 patients suffering from fibrositis were studied using a series of psychological tests in the course of an integrated group treatment program. In addition, their behaviour in the treatment program was observed and information about their behaviour in interpersonal conflicts was gathered. The results confirmed earlier observations that these patients show similar patterns in a projective test (Rosenzweig Picture Frustration Test) as patients with other rheumatic or other psychosomatic affections. The observations in the group sessions gave further support to these findings. However, in their self-evaluation with a personality inventory (Freiburger Persönlichkeits-Inventar), these people described themselves as more disturbed than the other kinds of patients mentioned. But this disturbance seems to be rather the consequence than the cause of this chronic illness of unclear origin. These signs of emotional disturbance were more distinct in those patients who had been suffering for longer from their illness and showed a poorer response to our treatment program.
Conflict, Psychological↗
[Reactions and psychic disorders in Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease. Clinical and psychological approach; application of a scale of aggressive behavior to the mental profile].
35 cases of sarcoïdosis were studied at the onset of the disease. 25 cases of important or deep anxiety were recorded. None of them was correlated nor with organic lesions or medical seriousness, neither with psychopathic background, previous mental illness or treatment by corticoidic drugs. All patients were submitted to the Rorschach test, the self-assessment test of Catell, the Rosenzweig picture frustration test and the agressiveness rating scale test (L.-F. Gayral). It appears that, by comparison with three control groups: A) without sarcoïdosis but with another pulmonary disease, B) "normal", C) psychopathic personality. There is not a mental type profile for the patients with sarcoïdosis. Anxiety or/and with depression, or agressiveness are more important and frequent in patients not treated by corticoïdes than in patient treated. Another conclusion is the necessity to dispense careful psychotherapy to patients with sarcoïdosis, although the case does not require medical treatment. Quite contrary these last patients peculiarly need psychotherapy.
Adult↗
Affective startle modulation in clinical depression: preliminary findings.
BACKGROUND: Modulation of the startle reflex by affective foreground stimuli was investigated in a group receiving inpatient treatment for major depressive episodes (n = 14) and an age and gender matched nondepressed group (n = 14). METHODS: Participants viewed 27 pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures chosen from the International Affective Picture System. Acoustic startle probes were presented during picture viewing, and participants also rated the affective qualities of the pictures. RESULTS: While ratings of the pictures were largely similar between the depressed and nondepressed groups, they displayed dissimilar patterns of startle modulation. In the nondepressed group, blinks elicited during unpleasant pictures were significantly larger than during pleasant pictures, whereas the depressed group failed to show this effect. Analyses, which separated the depressed participants into moderate and severe groups based on Beck Depression Inventory scores, revealed that while the moderately depressed group also showed a normal pattern of startle modulation, the severely depressed showed potentiated startles during the pleasant pictures. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that severely depressed patients may respond to some pleasant stimuli as if they are aversive, possibly because such stimuli are seen as signals of frustrative nonreward.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Picture archiving and communication systems: the users' view.
A study was undertaken to assess the acceptability to users of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS). A questionnaire was issued to 208 users. Some questions required a graduated score in response and others a free text response. 101 responses were received from a cross section of hospital staff. The majority of users judged PACS to be a major advance for the hospital, with high quality images, less frustration than using film and an improvement in their working lives. They judged that it had made a positive change in their working practices and had met their expectations. They welcomed the access it gave them to Radiology reports. There was more ambivalence about the impact it had made to the efficiency of clinic consultations and the conduct of ward rounds. Free text responses were made concerning the benefits and disadvantages of PACS. Analysis of these demonstrated many more benefits than disadvantages. The Radiology department has been enabled to address the concerns of staff raised through the questionnaire, and has been encouraged by the positive responses. PACS has been accepted well by a wide cross section of hospital staff. It has improved their working lives and made a major contribution to the working of the hospital as a whole.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
The evolution of signaling complexity suggests a mechanism for reducing the genomic search space in human association studies.
The size complexity of the human genome has been traditionally viewed as an obstacle that frustrates efforts aimed at identifying the genetic correlates of complex human phenotypes. As such complex phenotypes are attributed to the combined action of numerous genomic loci, attempts to identify the underlying multi-locus interactions may produce a combinatorial sum of false positives that drown out the real signal. Faced with such grim prospects for successfully identifying the genetic basis of complex phenotypes, many geneticists simply disregard epistatic interactions altogether. However, the emerging picture from systems biology is that the cellular programs encoded by the genome utilize nested signaling hierarchies to integrate a number of loosely coupled, semiautonomous, and functionally distinct genetic networks. The current view of these modules is that connections encoding inter-module signaling are relatively sparse, while the gene-to-gene (protein-to-protein) interactions within a particular module are typically denser. We believe that each of these modules is encoded by a finite set of discontinuous, sequence-specific, genomic intervals that are functionally linked to association rules, which correlate directly to features in the environment. Furthermore, because these environmental association rules have evolved incrementally over time, we explore theoretical models of cellular evolution to better understand the role of evolution in genomic complexity. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for (1) reducing genomic complexity by partitioning the genome into subsets composed of functionally distinct genetic modules and (2) improving the selection of coding region SNPs, which results in an increased probability of identifying functionally relevant SNPs. Additionally, we introduce the notion of 'genomic closure,' which provides a quantitative measure of how functionally insulated a specific genetic module might be from the influence of the rest of the genome. We suggest that the development and use of theoretical models can provide insight into the nature of biological systems and may lead to significant improvements in computational algorithms designed to reduce the complexity of the human genome.
Epistasis, Genetic↗
Effects of alcohol and frustration on experimental graffiti.
This study aimed to examine effects between alcohol and frustration in regard to graffiti. Forty-two subjects, 21 men and 21 women were randomly assigned in equal numbers to each of the three experimental groups, namely a Control group, an Alcohol group, and an Alcohol + Frustration group (alcohol dose: 1 ml 100% alcohol/kg body weight). For the purposes of this experiment, a test (AET) was constructed that provided scores of "scrawling-graffiti" (i.e., the amount of scrawling on pictures), "destruction", "aggression", and "sexuality". An elaboration test and a test measuring the "dispositional optimism" were also applied. The primary results indicated that (a) the Alcohol + Frustration group scored significantly higher on scrawling-graffiti compared to the Control group, (b) female subjects performed graffiti-scrawling to a greater extent than male subjects in all three groups, (c) women scored significantly higher on elaboration as compared to men. These results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that alcohol intake by itself is unlikely to induce destructive behavior unless accompanied by a "provocative" factor (e.g. frustration) that precipitates the putative expressions of aggressiveness.
Acting Out↗
muSR study of the quantum dynamics in the frustrated S=3/2 kagomé bilayers.
We present muSR experiments in the S=3/2 kagomé bilayer compound Ba(2)Sn(2)ZnGa(10-7p)Cr(7p)O22 [BSZCGO(p)] and compare it to the isostructural SrCr(9p)Ga(12-9p)O19 [SCGO(p)], including for the latter new results for p > or =0.89. Quantum-dynamical low energy magnetic excitations are evidenced in this novel compound. We study the evolution of the muon relaxation rate with p, T, and field. A phenomenological model for the muon relaxation based on sporadic dynamics due to spin excitations in a singlet sea proposed by Uemura et al. is extended to all fields and T range. Its connection to the RVB picture is discussed, and we argue that such coherent states might mediate the interactions between "impurities" which induce the spin glass freezing.
Journal Article↗
[The concept of cryptic cutaneous atopy in contact reactions. Considerations on the clinical control over the subgroup of patients with frustrated cutaneous atopy].
Contact dermatitis, allergic or irritative, is not distributed by chance among the general population, but appears in a determined group of patients. The clinical and anamnestic picture of this group of patients (and that of their close blood relatives) is described. Clinical facts lead us to consider that group of patients as a subgroup of cutaneous atopy. The medical-legal importance which the acceptance of this type of patient could have on occupational contact dermatitis is pointed out. In contact dermatitis the factors of the person suffering the contact rather than those of the contact agents seem to be of decisive power in the response, although at the present moment, the possibility of carrying out analytical studies on the allergens and irritants is easier than on the patients who react to them.
Dermatitis, Atopic↗