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PubMed1981

[Treatment of Pseudomonas infections in children with cefsulodin (author's transl)].

Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of twenty children in various age-groups were treated with Cefsulodin. Fifty percent of these cases received additional other antibiotics due to vital indication. In different underlying diseases such as IRDs, enteritis, omphalitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and urinary tract infection, this treatment achieved in eleven cases a lasting and in seven cases a temporary elimination of pseudomonas aeruginosa. No side effects were seen.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1980

Bacteriophage phi W-14-infected Pseudomonas acidovorans synthesizes hydroxymethyldeoxyuridine triphosphate.

The infection of Pseudomonas acidovorans with bacteriophage phi W-14 leads to the gradual disappearance of dTTP from the cells and to the appearance of hydroxymethy dUTP (hmdUTP). Infected-cell contain dUMP hydroxymethylase and activities converting hmdUMP to humdUDP and hmdUTP. Hydroxymethylase appears immediately after infection, reaching a maximum 20 min later. Thymidylate synthase activity decreases to less than 10% of the preinfection level during the initial 40 min after infection. Newly replicated DNA contains 2 to 3% hydroxymethyluracil. Although uracil is released from newly replicated DNA by acid hydrolysis, uracil is not incorporated as such into phi W-14 DNA, and dUTP is not present in the acid-soluble pool of infected cells. It is concluded that the thymine and alpha-putrescinylthymine in phi W-14 DNA are formed from hydroxymethyluracil at the polynucleotide level and that an intermediate in one or both of these conversions is degraded to uracil by acid hydrolysis. The modification of hydroxymethyluracil is coupled tightly to replication.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1999

Delayed-onset of Pseudomonas infection in a hydroxyapatite orbital implant: a case report.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) orbital implant, a multiple porous coralloid-like material, is frequently used in orbital reconstruction after enucleation or evisceration surgery. HA implants contain multiple interconnected pores in which rich fibrovascular tissue ingrowth could theoretically help to resist infection. Infection of hydroxyapatite implants are rare. Most HA implant infections occur before complete vascularization. We present this first case in Taiwan of delayed-onset Pseudomonas infection five years after receiving the HA implant. There was not much improvement after intensive medications, so removal of the implant was finally performed. The pathology study disclosed diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration in the whole implant with a necrotic central core. Rich fibrovascular ingrowth was also noted. Once a porous HA implant is infected, the infection is difficult to control and becomes more severe due to the dead space of the interconnected pores. Removal of the implant seems to be the only successful treatment modality.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Acute pseudomonas infection of the external ear (malignant external otitis).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa commonly causes low-grade infections of the external auditory canal. If these infections are inadequately treated, they can progress into a severe form of external otitis called malignant external otitis (MEO). MEO usually occurs in elderly diabetic patients and demands immediate diagnosis and medical therapy in order to prevent systemic invasion, neurologic sequelae, and even death. We present two cases of acute pseudomonas infections of the ear, neither of which progressed to MEO due to early implementation of antibiotic therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical evaluation of cefsulodin in Pseudomonas infections in children].

Cefsulodin (CFS) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 14 children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The diagnoses included pneumonia (4), sepsis (1), presumed sepsis (4), acute postoperative ascending cholangitis (1), acute postoperative peritonitis with wandering pneumonia (1), acute enterocolitis with acute UTI (1), recurrent UTI (1), and acute cystitis (1). CFS was administered intravenously with a daily dose of 93 to 299 mg/kg in the cases with normal renal functions. CFS was effective in all but one case both clinically and bacteriologically. A case of pneumonia whose isolate was resistant to CFS responded poorly. Mild transient eosinophilia was observed in 3 cases, but no severe adverse reactions were encountered. Peak MIC values of 18 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were 1.56 mcg/ml, 0.39 to 0.78 mcg/ml and 12.5 mcg/ml for CFS, gentamicin, and sulbenicillin, respectively. A half life of the serum CFS levels was 1.09 hours after intravenous bolus injection of 20 to 25 mg/kg of CFS (n = 2). A cerebrospinal-fluid level and biliary levels measured in cases with inflamed meninges or with cholangitis were well above the MIC value. From the present study, CFS appeared to be a safe and effective antibiotic when used in children with susceptible Pseudomonas infections. Combined use of another antibiotic should be considered in the case with polymicrobial infections because of the CFS's very narrow spectrum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Clinical significance of exit-site infections due to Xanthomonas in CAPD patients: a comparison with Pseudomonas infection.

We have assessed the clinical significance of exit-site infections secondary to Xanthomonas maltophilia in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, and compared them with episodes due to Pseudomonas. The study was a retrospective survey of all episodes of Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas-related exit-site infections (ESI) in all patients treated in our unit between 1984 and 1992. Thirteen episodes of Xanthomonas-related ESI were observed in eight patients and 17 episodes of Pseudomonas-related ESI were seen in 15 patients. Xanthomonas-related ESI was frequently associated with other microorganisms, while Pseudomonas-related ESI was not (66% versus 5%, P < 0.02). Only one episode of Xanthomonas-related ESI resulted in peritonitis and subsequent catheter removal, after 15 months of resistant colonization. Another case was considered to be chronic and indolent, as the Xanthomonas-related ESI continued after 23 months of local treatment. The other 11 episodes were resolved either without treatment or with an antibiotic cream after 7-120 days. However, all but two episodes of Pseudomonas-related ESI required intravenous antibiotics (usually ceftazidime); seven patients developed peritonitis, and 11 required surgical catheter manipulation (five external cuff extrusion, and six catheter removal) (1/13 Xanthomonas-related versus 11/17 Pseudomonas-related ESI, P < 0.03). Most Xanthomonas-related ESI do not lead to peritonitis, and constitute a mild condition, easily treatable without parenteral antibiotics or catheter replacement. The appearance of other associated organisms and the favourable evolution with local treatment suggest a saprophytic behaviour for Xanthomonas in our CAPD patients. On the contrary, Pseudomonas-related ESI is usually severe, requires parenteral antibiotics, frequently leads to peritonitis, and requires catheter replacement.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Ciprofloxacin treatment in newborns with multi-drug-resistant nosocomial Pseudomonas infections.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and acute side effects of ciprofloxacin treatment in newborns who developed nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. METHODS: Intravenous ciprofloxacin treatment was given to 30 newborns who developed nosocomial P. aeruginosa infection as proven by culture antibiogram results. Initial doses of 10 mg/kg/day were given and increased up to 40 mg/kg/day according to clinical response, laboratory and culture results. During therapy, complete white blood cell counts, urinalysis, liver and renal function tests were performed weekly. All patients were examined daily during treatment for possible symptoms of joint toxicity such as erythema and swelling. The patients were evaluated by general physical examination, with special attention to joints, 1 week after discharge. RESULTS: Two of the patients (6.6%) died due to pseudomonas infection, but the bacteria were successfully eradicated in 28 patients (93.4%). Four patients died from other causes. No laboratory abnormality related to ciprofloxacin was observed during treatment. Swelling and hyperemia of the joints were not encountered during treatment and the 1-week period after discharge. Ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were not grown during the study. CONCLUSION: Ciprofloxacin treatment is effective in life-threatening multi-drug-resistant P. aeruginosa infections.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1983

Piperacillin therapy for Pseudomonas infections.

Piperacillin, a new broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative, was administered to 22 patients with 25 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. All initially responded favorably, although five complicated urinary tract infections and two infections involving prostheses relapsed. In 15 cases, microbiologic eradication of the Pseudomonas was achieved. Failure to achieve a clinical cure was correlated in all cases with the inability to eradicate the organism, which was the result of development of in vitro resistance to piperacillin during therapy (four cases) and of underlying disease impairing host responses. Adverse reactions to piperacillin included leukopenia (eight cases) and nephrotoxicity (two cases).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk factors of pseudomonas infection in hemoblastosis patients].

A total of 67 patients with diseases of the blood system and infectious complications, admitted to the Hematological Department of the Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital, were examined. For this study only patients with etiologically established diagnosis were taken. The study revealed that Pseudomonas sp., whose strains were susceptible to Ceftazidime in 100% of cases and resistant to Cefepime and Imipenem in 15-17% of cases, was the etiological agent of 13.6% of all cases of infectious complications in hemoblastosis patients. Infectious lesions of pulmonary parenchyma, the presence of chronic diseases of the respiratory tract in the medical history, neutropenia, artificial ventilation of the lungs were found to be adverse prognostic factors with respect to a high risk of Pseudomonas infection in such patients. Therapy with glucocorticosteroids and cytostatics, preceding antibacterial prophylaxis were not linked with the isolation of Pseudomonas from the patients exhibiting the same levels of lethality and severity of infectious complications.

Adolescent↗