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PubMed1976

[Effect of psychotropic drugs on physiological variations and psychometric scores during attention].

A study was undertaken to determine the activation profile and psychometric performances in 10 adult volunteer subjects. The activation profile was evaluated by measuring heart and respiratory rates and also the H reflex (motor response). Psychometric performances during two attention tests were measured by the subjects' scores. The subjects were then submitted to a per os psychotrope drug treatment at a liminar therapeutic dose. Psychometric performances were decreased in subjects given a strong psychoactivator drug (amphetamine, genozolone), while they could be increased to an optimal level with a less active psycho-activation (Pyrisuccidéanol). Under the same conditions, the motor response, tested using the H-reflex, varied in the same way as the psychometric performance curve. However, the cardiac and respiratory rates show changes induced by the administered drugs. These results show some conditions were performance and activation are dissociated under the effect of psycho-active drugs.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Specific Instruments for Caregiving Competence Among Family Caregivers of Cancer Patients: A COSMIN Systematic Review of Psychometric Properties.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and summarize the psychometric properties of specific instruments for caregiving competence among family caregivers of cancer patients. METHODS: Systematically searched eight databases for studies published up to November 2025. The methodological quality and psychometric properties of the instruments were evaluated using COSMIN 2.0. Evidence grades were rated using the modified GRADE system (four grades: "High," "Moderate," "Low," and "Very Low"), and recommendations were formulated (Category A: recommended, Category B: potential with further validation, and Category C: not recommended). RESULTS: Seven studies were included, comprising three specific instruments: the Care Competency Scale for Family Caregivers in Home Palliative Care (CCSHPC) (n = 1), the Caregiver Caregiving Self-Efficacy Scale-Oral Cancer (CSES-OC) (n = 1), and the Caring Ability of Family Caregivers of Patients with Cancer Scale (CAFCPCS) (n = 5). Both the CCSHPC and CAFCPCS received Category B recommendations, demonstrating "adequate" content validity with evidence grades rated "very low" and "low," respectively. The CAFCPCS also shows good structural validity ("moderate") and internal consistency ("low") in some cultural contexts. The CSES-OC is a Category C recommendation, with high-quality evidence indicating "inadequate" criterion validity. CONCLUSION: Few specific instruments exist, and most did not strictly follow COSMIN guidelines. The CAFCPCS is provisionally recommended based on relative evidence superiority rather than complete psychometric validation. Further cross-cultural and localized instrument development is warranted. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Use well-validated specific instruments to identify strengths and weaknesses in the caregiving competencies of family caregivers of cancer patients, enabling them to deliver high-quality home-based cancer care.

Female↗

PubMed1998

Establishing the psychometric properties of the DSM-III-R personality disorders: implications for DSM-V.

In this study, symptom (item) level data were used to perform a psychometric analysis of the DSM-III-R personality disorders (PDs). Determined for each PD criteria set were convergent validity, discriminant validity, and internal consistency. The results indicated that the majority of the PD criteria sets (6 of the 11 ) possessed adequate convergent validity, although discriminant validity was problematic for most of these disorders. Internal consistency was also weak for the PD criteria sets, with only 3 of the 11 exceeding a minimum cutoff score of .70. The present study employed a methodology modeled after the one reported by Morey (1988a), and the results of the two studies were highly similar. Consistent findings across the two data sets can be taken to reflect the actual psychometric properties of the DSM-III-R PDs. The success of our replication demonstrates the potential that large-scale psychometric investigations hold for aiding the development and refinement of the DSM PDs.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

A checklist for judging preference-based measures of health related quality of life: learning from psychometrics.

There have been a number of published reviews of measures of health related quality of life, but most of this work has been undertaken within a tradition of psychometrics outside of economics. This situation has often resulted in health status measures designed specifically for the purposes of economic evaluation being neglected and portrayed as 'invalid'. This paper utilizes and adapts the traditional psychometric concepts of practicality, reliability and validity for judging preference-based measures of health related quality of life. The psychometric and economic approaches are most different in relation to validity because they are seeking to measure different concepts. The former seeks to measure health change as perceived by patients, whilst economic evaluation requires a measure of the value or strength of preference for the health change. A checklist is presented to provide guidance in the design or review of economic evaluations using changes in health as the main measure of benefit.

Guidelines as Topic↗

PubMed2000

Development of the mizes anorectic cognitions questionnaire-revised: psychometric properties and factor structure in a large sample of eating disorder patients.

OBJECTIVE: This project was designed to develop and test the psychometric properties and factor structure of a revision of the Mizes Anorectic Cognitions questionnaire (MAC). The goals of the revision were to improve the reliability and discriminant validity of the Weight and Approval subscale and to equalize the length of the three subscales. Also, the study compared the original MAC and the MAC-R in terms of their psychometric properties. METHOD: Twenty-four new items were developed for potential inclusion in the MAC-R, in addition to the original 33 items of the MAC. These items were administered to 205 eating disorder patients from five eating disorder clinics or programs, including inpatient, outpatient, and residential treatment settings that served diverse patient populations. Additionally, other measures of eating disorder constructs were administered to assess construct validity. RESULTS: Factor analysis of the large pool of items and item reduction resulted in the final 24-item MAC-R, each subscale being eight items in length. Results showed that the MAC-R highly correlated with the MAC and other eating disorder questionnaires. Reliability of the MAC-R was improved over that of the MAC. Two subscales of the MAC-R discriminated among diagnostic groups, whereas the original MAC did not, indicating improved sensitivity of the revised scale. DISCUSSION: The MAC-R appears to be an improvement over the original MAC. It provides useful information on the cognitions of eating-disordered patients and merits further investigation into its psychometric properties.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Psychometric tests for assessment of brain function after solvent exposure.

Psychometric testing is a key issue in neuropsychological toxicology assessment. Evaluation of methods for assessing general intellectual impairment is necessary as conventional neurology has been shown to be insensitive to the neurotoxic effects of solvents and metals. This study presents an analysis of a psychometric test battery from an investigation of psycho-organic syndrome in a historical cohort of 96 metal degreasers with long-term exposure to solvents, particularly trichloroethylene. The neuropsychological test battery was a combination of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Luria, and tests developed in Scandinavia. Linear regression analysis showed a significant dose-response relation between increasing cumulative solvent exposure and impaired psychometric test performance in 9 out of 15 tests. Multivariate analysis, however, suggests that much of the variance was due to confounding variables, especially age, and to a lesser degree, primary intellectual function and word blindness. After control for confounding factors the strongest association with solvent exposure occurred for the following three tests: acoustic-motor function, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT), and the visual gestalt test.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed2005

ADHD Rating Scale IV: psychometric properties from a multinational study as a clinician-administered instrument.

The development of rating scales for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has traditionally focused on parent-or teacher-rated scales. However, clinician-based instruments are valuable tools for assessing ADHD symptom severity. The ADHD Rating Scale IV (ADHD RS), clinician administered and scored, has been validated as a useful instrument to assess ADHD symptoms among American children and adolescents. In this study, we assessed the psychometric properties of the scale in a recent clinical trial conducted mainly in Europe with over 600 children and adolescents diagnosed with ADHD. The trial was conducted in 11 European countries plus Australia, Israel, and South Africa. Results based on data in the study indicate that this version of the scale has acceptable psychometric properties including inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, internal consistency, factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, discriminant validity, and responsiveness. There were low-to-moderate ceiling and floor effects. The psychometric properties were comparable with other validated scales for assessing ADHD symptom severity. These results were consistent across the 14 countries participating in this trial. Overall, the data from this study support the use of the ADHD RS as a clinician-rated instrument for assessing the severity of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents in Europe.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Psychometric properties and validation of the German-language King's Health Questionnaire in women with stress urinary incontinence.

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of and validate the German-language version of the King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) in women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). METHODS: A total of 145 women treated for stress incontinence with surgery or physiotherapy completed the the KHQ and the SF-36 before and after treatment. Psychometric analyses of the quality of life (QoL) instruments determined the reliability (Cronbach's alpha), internal and external validity, and responsiveness of the KHQ subscales. RESULTS: The KHQ showed good internal consistency, content validity, and criterion validity as measured by correlation with scores on the SF-36. Cronbach's alpha coefficient ranged from 0.76 to 0.86, indicating a high internal consistency of the subscales. Concerning criterion validity, correlations between the KHQ subscales and the SF-36 were low to moderate. The highest correlation was found between the general health perception subscales of both questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate good psychometric properties for the German-language KHQ.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Psychometric considerations in evaluating health-related quality of life measures.

How does one determine if a measure of health-related quality of life (HRQL) is adequate for clinical trials? Psychometric methods are frequently used to answer this question. What is psychometrics all about? In this paper we address these questions, discussing common psychometric evaluation procedures applied to HRQL measures. Specifically, we discuss issues regarding the evaluation of reliability and validity (including responsiveness).

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗

PubMed1993

Relationship between psychometric and utility-based approaches to the measurement of health-related quality of life.

This paper summarizes selected evidence pertaining to the relationship between psychometric health status measures and utility/preference measures of health outcome. Few studies contain measures of both health status and utility/preference. The evidence to date suggests that various health status measures are at best only moderately correlated with standard gamble (SG) and time trade-off (TTO) utilities. Results from regression analysis, predicting SG or TTO utilities from combinations of health status scales, typically have an R2 of 0.18 to 0.43. Preferences determined by rating scale methods are more strongly related to health status scores, but correlations are variable ranging from 0.17 to 0.46 and only about 27% to 34% of variance can be explained in regression models. The Quality of Well-Being Scale and other multi-attribute preference measures have low to moderate correlations with health status measures (r = 0.03 to 0.71). Health utility/preference measures and psychometric health status scores are only moderately correlated. Health utility and psychometric health status scales may measure different attributes of health. Although both approaches are useful for evaluating medical outcomes, they are not interchangeable indicators of health-related quality of life.

Choice Behavior↗

PubMed2005

Correlation between psychometric and biological parameters in anorexic and bulimic patients during and after an intensive day hospital treatment.

This study describes: 1. The therapeutic effects on anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) patients of a psycho-nutritional intensive day-hospital program; 2. The possible correlation between the changes observed in the psychometric tests and the variations of a number of biological parameters. Forty-six female patients (24 AN and 22 BN) were assessed through a semi-structured clinical interview based on DSM-IV criteria for Eating Disorders (ED) and a number of psychometric tests (SCL-90R, BDI, EDI-2, EAT-40, BITE, BAT) at the beginning and at the end of treatment, and after a 6-month follow-up. At these three times, we also assessed the plasma level of leptin, cortisol, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and 17beta-estradiol together with body mass index (BMI) and menstrual cycle. From beginning to discharge, the scores on all psychometric tests improved in the whole sample, except for the Perfectionism subscale of EDI-2 in both groups (AN and BN), the Anger-Hostility, Phobic Anxiety and Paranoid Ideation subscales of SCL-90 and the Interpersonal Distrust subscale of EDI-2 in the BN group. At follow-up, there was a worsening of the BITE scores and of a number of EDI-2 subscales, especially in the AN subgroup - with these changes correlating with the trend of BMI. In AN patients, plasma leptin levels changed from the beginning to the end of treatment and at follow-up according to BMI changes. The mean plasma leptin level in the BN subgroup was higher than in the AN one. We found a statistically significant correlation with the scores of BDI, SCL-90R Depression and Ineffectiveness subscales, EAT-40, BITE-Symptom subscale and the trend of menses dividing these patients into two subgroups (according to the plasma leptin concentration, higher or lower than the top leptin level in the anorexics). These data seem to confirm that leptin secretion doesn't correlate univocally to BMI.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Psychometric properties of an index of emotional distress in the U.S. National Comorbidity Survey.

BACKGROUND: The National Comorbidity Survey (NCS; Kessler et al. 1994) was a nationwide household survey of the U.S. population designed to produce data on the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric disorders. The NCS dataset is now in public-use format and continues to be widely used for ongoing research efforts. The NCS dataset included a set of 14 items that have face validity as a measure of current emotional distress (depression and anxiety) and could serve as a potentially useful continuous measure of psychological distress. However, there have been no published studies on its psychometric properties and this measure has not yet been utilized by researchers using the NCS dataset. This paper provides an evaluation of the psychometric properties of the NCS Distress Index. METHOD: The NCS Part II public-use dataset (N = 5877) was used. Detailed diagnostic information was collected along with 14 items assessing current psychological distress and measures of Neuroticism and Openness to Experience. RESULTS: The NCS Distress Index was found to be internally consistent (Alpha = 0.92) and a series of principal-components analyses demonstrated that the measure is most accurately conceptualized as a single-factor measure of general distress. The construct validity of the Distress Index was supported by its associations with the measures of Neuroticism and Openness to Experience. A series of comparisons between diagnostic groups also supported the construct validity of the measure. For example, those with disorders characterized by depressed mood and worry scored higher on the Distress Index than those with disorders characterized by fear and hyperarousal. CONCLUSIONS: The NCS Distress Index is a psychometrically sound measure of current emotional distress. Future studies utilizing the NCS public-use dataset could potentially benefit from the inclusion of this measure in addition to more commonly investigated categorical variables such as diagnosable disorders.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Gambling screens: does shortening the time frame affect their psychometric properties?

Gambling screening tools such as the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and a DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) developed by the National Opinion Research Council have psychometrically validated lifetime and past-year versions. As research questions often dictate shorter time intervals, researchers have adapted the time frames of these instruments to their specific purposes without examining whether changing the time frame affects the psychometric properties. In this study, 3-month versions of SOGS and NODS were administered to a sample of 80 pathological gamblers (59 men, 21 women, mean age 44) seeking treatment at a state-funded facility. The 3-months versions had good internal consistency, good convergent validity with each other, with gambling behaviors assessed via the timeline followback method, and with measures of impulsivity. The 3-month versions also showed good discriminant validity with demographic variables and a measure of verbal IQ. Together the data indicate that shortening the time frame to 3 months does not seem to have adverse effects on the psychometric properties of SOGS and NODS. Thus these adapted versions could profitably be used for shorter time intervals, including as pre/post-treatment and follow-up measures in treatment outcome studies.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Psychometric properties of an established heart disease specific health-related quality of life questionnaire for pacemaker patients.

Little is known about the HRQL of pacemaker patients due to the limited availability of disease-specific instruments. The aim of the Pacemaker Patients Quality of Life (PAPQoL) study was to determine the psychometric properties for the MacNew Heart Disease Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire (MacNew) in patients before and after pacemaker implantation. Patients with a given indication for pacemaker therapy (N = 68) completed two self-administered HRQL instruments, the SF-36, a well-known and psychometrically sound health survey, and the MacNew, a reliable and valid heart-disease-specific HRQL instrument, before and one, three and six months after pacemaker implantation. We assessed disease severity with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification. Test-retest reliability, intra-class correlation, Cronbach's alpha, validity coefficients, sensitivity analyses (effect sizes) and confirmatory factor analysis were carried out. The MacNew demonstrated adequate reliability (Cronbach's alpha and ICCs > 0.80 on all scales), validity (correlations between similar SF-36 and MacNew subscales > 0.80), and responsiveness (all effect sizes > or = 0.67) in pacemaker patients. The MacNew demonstrates adequate psychometric properties for evaluating HRQL in patients before and after pacemaker implantation.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Endogenous event-related brain potentials and psychometric performance in children at risk for schizophrenia.

Two independent groups of high-risk children for schizophrenia and their matched control children were submitted to the following experiments: an auditory oddball paradigm registrating late event-related potentials (ERPs) and a psychometric test battery including the assessment of Wechsler Intelligence Scales, reaction times (after regular and irregular preparatory intervals), and the d2-attention test. The study was intended to clarify whether long-latency ERPs and the selected psychometric tests would contribute to reliably differentiating between these groups. The results showed significantly prolonged latencies of the P3 component of the ERPs to rare, task-relevant target stimuli in both high-risk groups compared with the controls. Similarly, the N2 latencies were delayed in both groups. By contrast, ERP patterns to frequent, nontask-relevant stimuli were very similar, with no significant differences between high-risks and normals; nor did any ERP amplitudes show significant differences. The data are interpreted as a reflection of a subtle deficit in maintaining attention and a subsequent impairment of stimulus discrimination in high-risk children. This is consistent with the psychometric findings of higher error scores in target counts and d2-test, and significantly prolonged reaction times after regular preparatory intervals (PIs) in the high-risks. The findings may hint at a vulnerability for schizophrenia in high-risk children. Given the high prevalence of the attentional dysfunctions in both high-risk groups, however, it is hypothesized their presence does not necessarily imply an unequivocal manifestation of schizophrenia.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Psychometric deviance in offspring at risk for schizophrenia: II. Resolving heterogeneity through admixture analysis.

The longitudinal and prospective study of offspring at risk for schizophrenia is complicated by within-group heterogeneity in liability, as only a subgroup of those at risk will ultimately become affected. Here, we attempt to resolve such heterogeneity in the New York High-Risk Project by conducting an admixture analysis of values on a psychometric index of liability to schizophrenia derived from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). We fit mixtures of components to the overall distribution in 171 children from three criterion groups: offspring at risk (HR) for schizophrenia, psychiatric comparison (PC) offspring at risk for affective illness, and normal comparison (NC) offspring not at increased risk for psychiatric morbidity. The distribution of psychometric scores was bimodal, and separation of two latent classes showed that there is a valid and nonarbitrary distinction between a subgroup of MMPI-deviant (primarily HR) offspring and a larger homogeneous group of MMPI-nondeviant HR, PC, and NC subjects. While continued followup is required to demonstrate a correspondence between these two classes and an underlying taxonomy of liability to schizophrenia, our findings demonstrate the utility of objective psychometric measurement and admixture analysis for resolving within-group heterogeneity in high-risk research. The wider implications of including our MMPI indicators in other genetic investigations of schizophrenia are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

A longitudinal study of the relationships between psychometric test scores, offence history and the plasma concentrations of phenylacetic and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acids in seven inmates of a prison for the psychiatrically disturbed.

1. The plasma concentrations of phenylacetic (PAA) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5HIAA) acids in seven inmates incarcerated in the Regional Psychiatric Centre (Prairies), Correctional Service of Canada, were assessed each weekday for four weeks (i.e., 20 samples each). Psychometric assessments for hostility, anger, depression and anxiety were also performed daily. Mean differences between subjects in psychometric and biochemical measures were subjected to tests of statistical significance. 2. The subject who was clearly most aggressive by offence history/institutional behavior scored significantly highest on scales of anger and hostility and significantly lowest with respect to PAA concentration. It was concluded that PAA may be a trait marker for aggression. 3. Plasma 5HIAA concentrations were invariant between subjects. 4. The psychometric measures were intercorrelated, thus confounding the variables of interest. They also varied little, proving insensitive to subtle mood changes.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Psychometric evaluation of the Situational Confidence Questionnaire in adolescents: fitting a graded item response model.

Self-efficacy theory has been extensively applied to alcoholism treatment, theories of relapse, and relapse prevention. Most empirical studies of perceived self-efficacy to resist heavy drinking have used the Situational Confidence Questionnaire (SCQ). Among adults, this instrument has been shown to be psychometrically sound. Little is known, however, about the psychometric properties of the SCQ in the adolescent population. We administered the SCQ to a sample of 662 adolescents to evaluate its psychometric properties. Each of the eight subscales was found to be unidimensional. Invariance of the item parameters across different groups was also examined. The reliability coefficients, based on item response theory (marginal reliability) and classical measurement theory (Cronbach alpha), were found to be high. These results demonstrate that the SCQ is appropriate for use among adolescents.

Adolescent↗