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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

The ethical practice of psychology in a managed-care framework.

With the rise of managed healthcare, psychologists face new challenges to their professional ethics. This article examines the dilemmas posed by managed care in three areas: client care; the handling of patient data; and issues surrounding membership in a managed-healthcare organization. Case examples of ethical dilemmas and strategies for dealing with these challenges are presented. In an attempt to summarize the strategies used to cope with the ethical dilemmas presented in the case examples, global solutions for the ethical practice of psychology in a managed-care framework are also reviewed. These strategies include: understanding managed-care policies, clear communication with the client, additional training, increased advocacy by clinicians, and ultimately, psychologists' involvement in the formation of these organizations.

Confidentiality↗
PubMed1977

The theory and practice of psychological medicine in the Ayurvedic tradition.

In this paper I attempt to elucidate and render intelligible to a non-Western reader the internal logic and the consistency in both theory and practice of Ayurvedic psychological medicine. In Part 1, I deal with the classical metaphysical base (Samkya philosophy) on which the Ayurvedic concept of mind rests. I also deal with the theory of psychological medicine as stated in ancient Sanskrit texts. In Part II, I deal with the manner in which the classic theory is implemented in contemporary practice in Sri Lanka, while Part III deals with case studies of two patients taking Ayurvedic therapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Prolonged intubation vs. tracheotomy: complications, practical and psychological considerations.

The charts of 52 adult patients who underwent tracheotomy (49 after intubation) were reviewed to identify early complications of both endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy. The complication rate of endotracheal intubation was 57%, and of tracheotomy, 14%. None of the complications of tracheotomy was serious. Sixty critical-care nurses were surveyed about their attitudes regarding prolonged endotracheal intubation and tracheotomy. A large majority preferred tracheotomy for patients who require airway support, for several reasons. First, they felt that tracheotomy patients were more comfortable and, therefore, required less sedation and restraint. Second, the patients could communicate more effectively. Third, airway care was simplified. Ninety-two percent of nurses stated that they would prefer a tracheotomy for themselves or a loved one if more than 10 days of ventilatory support were required. We conclude that tracheotomy can be performed safely in this group of patients, and that it offers significant practical and psychological benefits compared to prolonged endotracheal intubation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Frequent attenders in general practice: medical, psychological and social characteristics.

A group of frequent attenders at a general practice surgery have been studied by comparison with a group of age-and sex-matched controls. Frequent attenders are distinguished by a high predisposition to neurotic illness (as measured by the ;N' score of the Eysenck personality questionnaire) and a high prevalence of affective neurosis. Poor past physical health was commonly found among the frequent attenders and comprised for the most part the common chronic physical illnesses. Of the social characteristics studied only marital breakdown was found significantly more often in frequent attenders than controls.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Self-ratings of graduating family practice residents' psychological medicine abilities.

This study evaluated the psychological medicine abilities of graduating residents in the Department of Family Practice and Community Health at the University of Minnesota Health Sciences Center (n = 41). Residents were asked to complete the Psychological Medicine Inventory, a series of nine-point rating scales, which measure level of interest in the psychological aspects of patient care, degree of confidence in dealing with the psychological problems of patients, and various psychological abilities. Behavioral science faculty members familiar with the residents also rated 20 of the residents' overall level of interest and ability in psychological medicine. Residents rated themselves highest on doctor-patient relationships and on recognizing patients in distress, and lowest on psychological interviewing and the ability to be psychologically therapeutic. Item intercorrelations and factor analysis suggested that two main dimensions were being evaluated: clinical psychological abilities (including interviewing, diagnosis, consultation, treatment decisions, and treatment) and psychological sensitivity (including doctor-patient relationships, awareness of patient's reactions, and awareness of own feelings.) Residents' self-ratings correlated positively with faculty ratings.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed2003

National Academy of Neuropsychology/Division 40 of the American Psychological Association Practice Survey of Clinical Neuropsychology in the United States. Part II: Reimbursement experiences, practice economics, billing practices, and incomes.

Leaders of the National Academy of Neuropsychology and Division 40 (Clinical Neuropsychology) of the American Psychological Association determined that current information on the professional practice of clinical neuropsychology within the United States was needed. These two organizations co-sponsored a national survey of U.S. clinical neuropsychologists that was conducted in September 2000. The primary goal of the survey was to gather information on such topics as: practitioner and practice characteristics, economic variables (e.g., experience with major third party payors, such as Medicare and managed care), practice expenses, billing methods, experiences with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, time spent on various clinical tasks, use of assistants, and income. In this second of two articles describing the survey results, reimbursement experiences, practice economics, billing practices, and incomes are highlighted. Survey results indicate that neuropsychologists frequently have difficulty gaining access to membership on managed care panels. For those who gain access, managed care companies often limit provision of services; this is quite often perceived as negatively affecting quality of patient care. It is very common for neuropsychologists to feel obligated to provide more services to managed care and Medicare patients than are allowed to be billed to the insurance carrier; these hours are typically "written off." Numerous CPT codes are used to bill the same clinical service. Awareness of Medicare practice and billing expectations is variable among practitioners, as is awareness of public aid/Medicaid billing status. Professional income is influenced by years of licensed practice, practice setting, gender, types and amounts of non-clinical professional activities, and types and amounts of reimbursement sources within one's clinical practice. Income of neuropsychologists has only a minimal relationship to percentage of clinical practice per week. Within the context of prior surveys, neuropsychologists are engaging in more clinical hours per week and, nevertheless, compared to data from 1993, are reporting decreased income. These and other findings are presented and discussed.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1988

Psychological aspects of NFP practice.

A psychological investigation was implemented to find out if NFP users are characterized by special personality traits and if there are any correlations between NFP practice and changes within the marriage partnership. A total of 258 NFP users, both women and men, were investigated with questionnaires of the type generally used in the field of personality research in the Federal Republic of Germany, and also with questionnaires concerning the partnership and attitudes toward pregnancy, sexuality, and childbirth. It was found that with respect to personality traits, the NFP user does not differ considerably from people designated as "normal population." Only their attitudes toward sexuality are more positive and uninhibited, and the women feel less subjectively helpless than the standard sample. Furthermore, there is a connection between increased NFP experience and changes within the partnership, in that there is a reduction of "dominant" attitude (in both men and women) with growing NFP experience. Couples with long NFP experience and NFP beginners have nearly the same degree of well-being between the partners, whereas couples who have just passed the learning phase show more ill-feeling between husband and wife. Factors concerning the partnership account much more for the differences in marital satisfaction than do sociodemographic variables or personality traits.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A case study of the implementation of outcomes-based funding within a local United Way system: some implications for practicing community psychology.

This case study provides an overview of significant organizational change within the United Way system in Franklin County/Columbus, Ohio. Franklin County is a major urban center with a population approaching 1 million. The implementation of outcomes-based finding proved to be a critical factor that served to promote change within the local United Way system. Adoption of outcomes-based funding principles resulted in significant shifts in United Way funding and major policy changes. A chronology of events and stakeholder reactions over a multiyear period are reviewed. The implications of this effort to initiate major, system-level change for the practice of community psychology are discussed.

Charities↗
PubMed2002

National Academy of Neuropsychology/Division 40 of the American Psychological Association practice survey of clinical neuropsychology in the United States, Part I: practitioner and practice characteristics, professional activities, and time requirements.

Leaders of the National Academy of Neuropsychology and Division 40 (Clinical Neuropsychology) of the American Psychological Association determined that current information on the professional practice of clinical neuropsychology within the United States (U.S.) was needed. These two organizations co-sponsored a national survey of U.S. clinical neuropsychologists that was conducted in September 2000. The primary goal of the survey was to gather information on such topics as: practitioner and practice characteristics, economic variables (e.g., experience with major third party payors, such as Medicare and managed care), practice expenses, billing methods, experiences with Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes, time spent on various clinical tasks, use of assistants, and income. The adjusted return rate of 33.5% (n = 1,406) reflects the number of surveys returned with sufficient data by licensed doctoral level clinicians with membership in one or both sponsoring organizations. In this first of two articles describing the survey results, characteristics of practitioners and practices, various types of professional activities, and time requirements for clinical tasks are presented and discussed. It was noted that the proportion of women in the field is increasing rapidly. Private practice is the predominant employment setting. Findings also document that members of the two sponsoring organizations are very similar with regard to employment setting, professional characteristics, and weekly activities. That is, involvement in clinical practice and research, as well as private practice versus institutional employment, was very similar between organizations. However, across organizations, work setting (private practice vs. institution) was associated with significant and meaningful differences. Private practitioners have a more diverse set of weekly clinical activities, are less likely to use assistants, and engage in more forensic activities. Across work setting, with the exception of forensic evaluations, those using assistants invest a greater number of hours per evaluation, but bill approximately the same numbers of hours per evaluation.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed2002

Methodological diversity of research published in selected psychological journals in 1999.

454 papers appearing in 10 journals published by the American Psychological Association during 1999 were reviewed to consider the frequency of publication of qualitative research. Journals reviewed included Health Psychology, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, Journal of Counseling Psychology, Journal of Educational Psychology, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Journal of Family Psychology, Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, Psychological Assessment, and Psychology and Aging. Papers were classified as quantitative, qualitative, or mixed qualitative/quantitative studies. Quantitative papers were also dichotomously classified as either primarily descriptive or experimental. Qualitative studies were classified by type of qualitative methods specified by the authors. Most papers (97.6.%) were classified as quantitative. Only three journals reviewed published qualitative studies.

Humans↗
PubMed2002

Historically grounding the practice of psychology: implications for professional training.

The author explores 3 ways the history of psychology can be made relevant to professional training in clinical psychology. Focusing on the practitioner-scholar model of clinical professional training, he argues that 3 central facets of historical understanding can be wedded to existing goals of professional training: (a) providing an interdisciplinary context for psychology, (b) addressing concerns about humans in the field, and (c) mediating theory-practice tensions that often exist in professional training. Suggestions are also made for encouraging historical understanding as essential to fostering critical self-reflection among students preparing for careers in professional psychology.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗