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PubMed1980

Decreased motor activity of hyperactive children on dextroamphetamine during active gym program.

The motor activity of 10 hyperactive boys was measured during eight 1-hour active gym classes. Children received either dextroaomphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo elixir before each class, in a double-blind design. The program for each of the classes was participation in the active sports: hockey, basketball, and/or roller skating; the "task" throughout each hour was to play vigorously and continuously. The boys' mean hourly activity following amphetamine was slightly but significantly less than that following placebo. This finding is contradictory to the hypothesis that improved attention to an active task on stimulant would result in increased motor activity, and suggests the possibility of an independent direct effect of amphetamine on the motor system.

Attention↗
PubMed1990

[Scientific basis and professional concept of instituting a medical program of active recreation].

Physical activity is essential to health and should be exercised in accordance with one's functional and health state. Among the most advanced forms of programmed physical activity is medically programmed active leisure (MPAL). The implementation of MPAL in practice relies on research and on scientifically based concepts and attitudes which control the selection of persons for and their inclusion in MPAL. In Croatia MPAL is a form of specific care for worker's health, which is conducted in compliance with the health care and health insurance acts.

Exercise↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Legal issues in the delivery of worksite health promotion.

Employee health promotion programs typically involve one or more of the following: (1) education programs, (2) cholesterol, blood pressure, diabetes, or other similar screening programs, (3) smoking cessation programs, (4) drug/alcohol testing and counseling programs, (5) exercise facility or activity programs, and (6) recreational activity programs. The authors examine potential legal implications of these activities. This chapter is intended for those attempting to define and establish these programs or to focus and operate them without undue conflict or legal system involvement.

Health Education↗
PubMed1991

Activation of programmed cell death by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor plus topoisomerase II-targeted drugs in L929 tumor cells.

The mechanism of death induced by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rHuTNF) in L929 tumor cells of C3H mice was investigated. Treatment with rHuTNF led to fragmentation of DNA into nucleosomal oligomers and to induction of the expression of TRPM-2, a programmed cell death-associated gene. Both events preceded cell death by several hours. Treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors accelerated both the rHuTNF-mediated DNA fragmentation and the elevation in TRPM-2 messenger RNA levels. These results suggest that rHuTNF exerts its cytotoxicity on L929 cells by activating programmed cell death, leading to apoptosis, and that topoisomerase II inhibitors enhance rHuTNF-mediated cytotoxicity by accelerating this process.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

FK506 augments activation-induced programmed cell death of T lymphocytes in vivo.

FK506 is an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits T cell receptor-mediated signal transduction. This drug can induce immunological tolerance in allograft recipients. In this study, we investigated the in vivo effects of FK506 on T cell receptor-mediated apoptosis induction. Injection of anti-CD3 antibody (Ab) in mice resulted in the elimination of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes by DNA fragmentation. FK506 treatment significantly augmented thymic apoptosis induced by in vivo anti-CD3 Ab administration. Increased thymic apoptosis resulted in the disappearance of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes after anti-CD3 Ab/FK506 treatment. DNA fragmentation triggered by FK506 was induced exclusively in antigen-stimulated T cells, since enhanced DNA fragmentation induced by in vivo staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) injection was confirmed in SEB-reactive V beta 8+ thymocytes but not in SEB-nonreactive V beta 6+ thymocytes. In addition to thymocytes, mature peripheral T cells also die by activation-induced programmed cell death. A similar effect of FK506 on activation-induced programmed cell death was observed in SEB-activated peripheral spleen T cells. In contrast, cyclosporin A treatment did not enhance activation-induced programmed cell death of thymocytes and peripheral T cells. Apoptosis is required for the generation and maintenance of self-tolerance in the immune system. Our findings suggest that FK506-triggered apoptosis after elimination of antigen-activated T cells may represent a potential mechanism of the immunological tolerance achieved by FK506 treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Challenging residents to assume maximal responsibilities in homes for the aged.

A program for activating residents of homes for the aged to assume maximal responsibilities is described. Promoting maximal physical and mental health through various modalities including activity programs, appropriate exercise and participation in democratic self-government mechanisms, will result in a happier, healthier population of residents in institutions for the aged. The increased demands on staff time and patience will be compensated for by relief of the too-frequent feelings of hopelessness and boredom endemic among the staff of long-term care facilities. Such programs demand constant effort by all staff members, patients, volunteers and relatives because if they succumb to the usual human dislike of persistency, short-term gains can easily be lost.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Outcome for court-referred drug-abusing male adolescents of an alternative activity treatment program in a vocational high school setting.

This is a report of outcome of an alternative activity treatment program, consisting of off-campus supportive life skill activities, in a private vocational high school for court-adjudicated delinquent boys. A total of 130 adolescent male drug abusing student-clients were evaluated at follow-up, 22 months after admission to the day school treatment program. The determination of graduation vs. dropping out was made 3 years after admission to the study. The sample was 75% white, 21% black, and 4% Hispanic. Eighty-two percent were from 16 to 18 years of age, but only 24% had completed the 10th grade. The mean number of different types of drugs "ever used" was 5.87, and the mean number of drug sale offenses was 4.4. Sixty-one percent had been incarcerated (overnight or longer). A comprehensive assessment was administered at admission and at follow-up. The findings developed by paired t-test, comparing the student-clients' self-reports at follow-up evaluation with their self-reports at pretreatment, indicated significant improvement in numerous problem areas of behavior, adjustment, and attitude measured, except that no significant reduction in illicit drug use occurred. The improvement, however, was more related to the vocational training and job placement program and the general milieu of the school than to the off-campus supportive life skills program. The latter was shown to have a highly significant positive association with outcome as measured by success in graduating from high school and a significant positive association to improvement in "personal adjustment" (reduction in personal problems and increase in interpersonal maturity).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Active treatment programs for patients with chronic low back pain: a prospective, randomized, observer-blinded study.

Several new studies have indicated that an active approach to patients with chronic disabling low back pain (LBP) seems effective. Some of these studies emphasize the importance of dealing with the patient's total situation in comprehensive multidisciplinary programs--the bio-psycho-social model. However, these programs are expensive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rehabilitation outcome from three different active programs in terms of: (1) return-to-work rate, (2) days of sick leave, (3) health-care contacts, (4) pain and disability scores, and (5) staying physically active. The subjects included 132 patients randomized to the study, of whom 123 started one of the treatment programs. They had all had at least 6 months of chronic LBP. The patients were randomized into one of three programs: group 1--a full-time, intensive 3-week multidisciplinary program, including active physical and ergonomic training and psychological pain management, followed by 1 day weekly for the subsequent 3 weeks; group 2--active physical training, twice a week for 6 weeks, for a total of 24h; group 3--psychological pain management combined with active physical training, twice a week for 6 weeks, also for a total of 24h. The results presented here are based on data collected 4 months following treatment, which shows an 86% response rate. The initial examination and the follow-up evaluation were performed by a blinded observer. The results show that 4 months after treatment, the intensive multidisciplinary program is superior to the less intensive programs in terms of return-to-work rate, health-care contacts, pain and disability scores, and staying physically active.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1981

The GENE-TOX program: genetic activity evaluation.

The GENE-TOX program, a two-phase evaluation from the existing literature of selected bioassays for detecting mutagenicity and presumptive carcinogenicity, is described. Sponsored and directed by the Office of Testing and Evaluation within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, this program will aid EPA in establishing standard genetic testing and evaluation procedures for the regulation of toxic substances and determining the direction of research and development in the area of genetic toxicology.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Does physical activity improve sleep in impaired nursing home residents?

OBJECTIVES: To determine if two physical activity programs of varying intensity would result in improved sleep among incontinent and physically restrained nursing home residents. DESIGN: Controlled trials of two physical activity programs. SETTING: Seven community nursing homes in the Los Angeles area. PARTICIPANTS: Residents were included if they had urinary incontinence or were physically restrained. Sixty-five subjects were studied. Mean age was 84.8 years, 85% were female, mean length of residency in the nursing home was 19.9 months, and mean Mean Mini-Mental State Exam score was 13.1. INTERVENTION: The first physical activity program involved sit-to-stand repetitions and/or transferring and walking or wheelchair propulsion. These activities were performed every 2 hours during the daytime, 5 days per week for 9 weeks. The second, less frequent physical activity program involved rowing in a wheelchair-accessible rowing machine plus walking or wheelchair propulsion once per day three times per week for 9 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: The physical function measures reported here include mobility endurance (maximum time walking or wheeling) and physical activity as measured by motion sensors (Caltrac). Nighttime sleep was estimated by wrist activity monitors. Nighttime sleep measures included total time asleep, percent sleep, average duration of sleep, and peak duration of sleep. Daytime sleep was measured by timed behavioral observations of sleep versus wakefulness performed every 15 minutes during the day. RESULTS: Nighttime sleep was markedly disrupted in both groups at baseline. Across all subjects at baseline, the average total sleep time was 6.2 hours and the percent sleep was 72.0%, but the average duration of sleep episodes was only 21.2 minutes and the peak duration of sleep episode averaged only 83.8 minutes. During the daytime, subjects were observed asleep during 14.5% of observations. Although there was improvement in mobility endurance in the intervention subjects compared with controls (MANOVA F = 4.36, P = .042), there were no differences in the night and day sleep measures at follow-up testing. Even among a subgroup of intervention subjects who showed a 30% or greater improvement in mobility endurance, sleep did not improve at follow-up compared with baseline. CONCLUSION: This study supports our previous findings of marked sleep disruption in impaired nursing home residents. In addition, despite documented improvements in physical function with activity, we did not find improvements in sleep in the intervention versus control groups. These results suggest that increasing daytime physical activity alone is not adequate to improve sleep in impaired NH residents. Future efforts to improve sleep in this population should take into account the multifactorial nature of sleep disruption, including individual health problems that effect sleep and the disruptive nature of the nighttime NH environment.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Physical activities: teaming up patients and programs.

Physical activities programs are suggested for the average deconditioned individual over 35 years of age. They involve noncontact, noncompetitive aerobic activities which require minimal expense. Their purpose is to delay to some degree the progression of the degenerative diseases associated with aging and inactivity. The best activities are walking, running, bicycling, or other exercise in which a sustained cardiac rate of 70% of the individual's work capacity is achieved.

Adult↗