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PubMed1986

[Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime in internal medicine, with special reference to infection associated with hematological disorders].

Clinical evaluation of cefmenoxime (CMX, Bestcall) was performed against infections associated with hematological, respiratory tract and other disorders. Clinical effectiveness of CMX against severe infections with hematological disorders including sepsis, pneumonia, pyelitis and so on was 74.4% for good responses and against the respiratory tract infections, 96.2% for good responses was obtained. Neither objective or subjective side effects nor extreme abnormalities in laboratory tests were observed in these patients. It can be concluded, therefore, that CMX is one of the most useful drugs against infectious diseases associated with hematological disorders, respiratory tract and other disorders.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1987

[Pathomorphological picture of various internal organs of rats after long-term exposure to toxic substances in raw coke gas].

The authors carried out morphological evaluation of a long-term action of toxic substances at low concentrations (about 1 NDS), contained in raw coke oven gas, i.e. gases: CO, H2S, SO2, NH3 and benzene, as well as dusts containing: C, SiO2, Pb and Cd on the liver and kidneys of three-month old male rats of the Wistar strain. The animals were exposed to the above toxic substances in an experimental chamber for 24 hr, and for 8 hr every day during 12 and 18 months. It was found that pathogenic action of the substances contained in raw coke oven gas was not the total action of all chemical components, but their complicated resultant. Significant differences in the intensity of morphological changes in lungs were observed between rats exposed for 8 hr ans 24 hr/day, in favour of the former. Such a relationship was not observed between 12 and 18 month exposition. Besides the catarrh of the air passages and cellular-fibrous changes in pulmonary alveoli, focal metaplasia of cells of bronchial epithelium was observed, which suggested the possibility of carcinogenic action of coke oven gases and dusts. No distinct morphological differences were found in the liver and kidneys between 8 and 24 hr exposition, whereas great differences were found between 12 and 18 months exposition. Chronic interstitial pyelitis was observed in kidneys after 18 month exposition.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Trigonal-colonic anastomosis: a urinary diversion procedure in dogs.

Trigonal-colonic anastomosis for diversion of urine into the colon was performed in 12 clinically normal dogs and in 10 incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra. Dogs were studied from 1 to 30 months after surgery. The surgical procedure was technically satisfactory. Fifteen of 22 dogs were studied with intravenous urography, and only 1 case of hydronephrosis was found. Pyelitis was a common histopathologic finding in both groups of dogs. Pyelonephritis developed in 30% of dogs, regardless of duration of anastomosis. Glomerular filtration rate was reduced in all dogs studied, but renal failure was infrequent. Values for blood urea nitrogen and serum inorganic phosphorus were elevated due to intestinal recycling of nitrogenous products and phosphate. Electrolyte imbalances were not a problem, but gastrointestinal disturbances developed in 3 of the 10 diseased dogs. Six of 10 diseased dogs survived from 9 months to more than 3 years. Trigonal-colonic anastomosis appears to be a satisfactory salvage procedure for incontinent dogs with diseases of the urinary bladder or urethra that do not respond to other forms of therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1971

Microfilaruria in onchocerciasis. A clinical and epidemiological follow-up study in the Republic of Chad.

Microfilariae of O. volvulus were recovered from the urine of 11% of the residents of a village in the Republic of Chad where onchocerciasis was holoendemic. A follow-up study of the same population 3 years after the original investigation revealed that microfilaruria was still present and that living microfilariae of O. volvulus could be recovered from small urine samples obtained by high catherization of the ureters. Radiological changes consistent with chronic pyelitis were found in 4 out of 14 persons with microfilaruria who were examined by retrograde pyelography. The recovery of microfilariae in the urine was associated with the intensity of the infection, as determined by counts of microfilariae in skin snips and the number of onchocercomata. A systematic comparison for differences between onchocerciasis patients with and without microfilaruria revealed that the microfilaruria patients had a low weight: height ratio, deficient antibody responses in indirect haemagglutination tests with O. volvulus antigen, elevated serum aminotransferase levels, and reduced systolic blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of cefotiam in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Studies on the antibacterial activity, absorption and excretion and also clinical investigation in the field of pediatrics have been carried out with cefotiam (SCE-963, CTM), a new cephalosporin antibiotic. 1) The MICs of CTM against the following clinical isolates were measured and compared with those of CEZ: S. aureus (81 strains), E. coli (27) and K. pneumoniae (27), with CTM being inferior by 1 tube in S. aureus, being superior by 2 to 3 tubes in E. coli and by about 2 - 3 tubes in K. pneumoniae. 2) Absorption and excretion. After intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, the peak in the serum concentration was shown in the 15-minute value with 18.1 and 36.6 mcg/ml for 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively. The half-life in ;the serum was 1.14 and 0.61 hours, respectively. In the case of 1-hour intravenous drip infusion at a dose level of 10 mg/kg, it was 14.3 mcg/ml, with 0.98-hour half-life in the serum. The recovery rates from the urine within 0 to 6 hours were 50.6% and 66.2% in the case of intravenous one shot injection at dose levels of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively, with 71.1% in the case of the 1-hour intravenous drip infusion. 3) Two to 3 hours after intravenous one shot injection of CTM in H. influenzae-meningitis every 4 hours at a dose level of 62.5 mg/kg at one time, the cerebrospinal fluid concentration of CTM was only 2.12 to 10.0 mcg/ml, and this fact suggests that CTM is a useful cephalosporin for treating purulent meningitis. 4) CTM was administered in 19 clinical cases, with the results being: excellent in 4 out of 4 cases of bronchitis; excellent in 5 and good in 1 out of 6 cases of pneumonia; excellent in 3 cases of pyelitis; good in purulent parotitis, purulent meningitis and bacterial pericarditis; and excellent in peritonsillar abscess, purulent osteomyelitis and staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (S.S.S.S.). No side effects have been observed in all cases. As for abnormal laboratory findings, 3 cases of eosinophilia were seen.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical studies on cefmenoxime in the pediatric field].

Clinical studies in the field of pediatrics have been carried out with cefmenoxime (CMX), a new cephalosporin antibiotic and the following results were obtained. 1. CMX was administered intravenously by drip infusion in 23 patients with infectious diseases. These diseases consist of 10 pneumonia, 1 bronchitis, 6 upper respiratory tract infections, 2 acute pyelitis, 3 other urinary tract infections and 1 Douglas abscess. CMX was effective in all cases except 1 case of pneumonia with pyothorax. 2. No side effects have been observed in all cases. As for abnormal laboratory findings, 2 cases of eosinophilia, slight elevations of GOT in 3 cases and GPT in 2 cases were seen.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

CEA and ABO(H) in upper urinary tract transitional tumors.

The expressivity of carcinoembryogenic antigen CEA and ABO(H) isoantigens is studied in a group of 40 pelvic and ureteral transitional cell carcinomas. CEA was not shown to be a tumor marker since it is not found in all tumors whereas it is demonstrated in a case of cystic pyelitis. Nevertheless, it seems to be associated with certain prognostic morphologic markers, i.e., grading and vascular invasion. The ABO(H) isoantigens do not seem to be correlated with the prognosis; many advanced-stage and grade tumors showed, in fact, positivity for these isoantigens in most neoplastic cells. Association of histological techniques and immunohistochemical studies does not seem as useful in predicting the course of upper urinary tract transitional tumors as in bladder tumors.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1983

Massive hematuria of nontraumatic renal origin in dogs.

Massive hematuria of renal origin was diagnosed in 4 dogs. In all dogs, blood and blood clots were clearly visible in the urine. Serum urea nitrogen and urine concentrating ability were normal. All dogs were anemic, and results of coagulation and platelet function tests were within normal limits. Excretory urography indicated hydroureter and hydronephrosis in all dogs, with filling defects in the bladder attributable to large blood clots in 2 dogs. Cystotomy and catheterization of the ureters enabled identification of one kidney as the source of bleeding in 3 dogs. Unilateral nephrectomy and ureterectomy resolved their hematuria. The results of histologic examination were normal in 2 dogs. The 3rd dog had evidence of pyelitis. Cystoscopy of the 4th dog did not reveal hematuria from either ureter. The dog was not operated on and it continued to have intermittent hematuria.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Spontaneous proteus nephritis among male C3H/HeJ mice.

The spontaneous occurrence of nephritis and resultant mortality was investigated among 2,836 control or treated (dermal carcinogenesis bioassays) C3H/HeJ male mice. Overall incidence of nephritis putatively caused by Proteus mirabilis was 1.2%. Incidences were similar in control and treated mice and ranged from 2.5--32.5% among 73 unrelated treatment or control groups. Diagnosis was based upon characteristic gross or histologic renal lesions. Grossly affected kidneys contained either multiple, discrete tan foci or elevated pale tan patches. Histologic renal lesions consisted of a multifocal necropurulent nephritis with numerous gram negative bacteria present in affected tubules. Necrotizing pyelitis and papillitis usually was present, an necropurulent cystitis was present in half of the cases examined histologically. Proteus mirabilis, isolated in pure culture from an affected kidney, produced similar renal lesions after intraperitoneal or intravenous inoculation of clinically normal C3H/HeJ males. The organism was reisolated from the kidneys of the experimentally produced cases. It was concluded that nephritis putatively caused by Proteus mirabilis was an important cause of mortality in male C3H/HeJ mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effects of cefoxitin on infections secondary to hematopoietic malignancies].

Cefoxitin (CFX) was administered to 12 patients for evaluation of clinical effects of CFX against secondary infections complicated with hematopoietic malignancies, and the following results were obtained. 1. The clinical effects were excellent in 1 and good in 8 out or 11 cases with efficacy rate of 81.8%. Out of 12 cases treated with CFX, 1 case was excluded from clinical evaluation because of prophylactic use. It is noted that all cases with pyelitis showed good response to CFX. 2. The serum levels of CFX were determined in 1 patient with renal failure. After intravenous drip infusion of 2 g in 200 ml of glucose solution, the serum concentrations were 67.2 micrograms/ml and 7.53 micrograms/ml at 14 hours and 24 hours (after hemodialysis), respectively. 3. No side effects attributed to CFX were observed. These results indicate that CFX is an effective and safe antibiotic for the treatment of severe infections accompanying hematopoietic malignancies.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

[Laboratory and clinical studies on cefoxitin in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Studies on antimicrobial activity, absorption and excretion and clinical use of cefoxitin in pediatric field were performed. 1. MIC of cefoxitin was compared with that of cefazolin and/or ampicillin for clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (36 strains), Escherichia coli (35 strains), Klebsiella pneumoniae (34 strains) and Haemophilus influenzae (80 strains). MIC of cefoxitin against S. aureus was approximately 1-2 tubes higher than that of cefazolin. Many strains of E. coli and K. pneumoniae that showed high MIC to cefazolin were sensitive to cefoxitin. It is presumed that the results are due to the strong resistance of cefoxitin to beta-lactamase degradation. MIC of cefoxitin against H. influenzae was approximately 1-2 tubes lower than that of cefazolin, but approximately 4 tubes higher than that of ampicillin. 2. Serum level and urinary recovery rate of cefoxitin after one shot i.v. injection of 25 mg/kg were examined. The serum mean levels were 33.8 microgram/ml at 1/2 hour, 7.0 microgram/ml at 1 hour and 2.9 microgram/ml at 2 hours after the injection, respectively, and the drug was not detected in serum at 4 and 6 hours after the injection. The mean half-life of serum level was 27.1 minutes. The mean urinary recovery rate within 6 hours after injection was 96.0% and most of the drug were excreted into urine within 2 hours after the injection. 3. In order to evaluate clinical response, bacteriological response and side effects, cefoxitin was applied to 19 cases, i.e., 12 cases of either acute lobar pneumonia or acute bronchopneumonia, 2 cases of acute pyelitis, 1 case each of acute bronchitis, acute purulent tonsillitis, acute purulent arthritis, acute orbital phlegmon and acute buccal abscess. As for clinical response, the overall efficacy rate (the percentage of cases showed excellent and good efficacy) was 88.9%. As for bacteriological response, among the 13 strains which were determined or supposed to be causative organisms, i.e., 6 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 strains of H. influenzae and 1 strain each of streptococcus pyogenes, alpha-Streptococcus, Enterococcus, E. coli and Neisseria sp., all strains were disappeared except for Enterococcus which was reduced by the treatment with cefoxitin. No side effect was observed in any case. Abnormalities of laboratory findings were observed in 3 cases, i.e., 1 case each of reduction of RBC and Hb, elevation of GOT and GPT and elevation of GPT, but all of them returned to normal following completion of the dosage term.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1995

Bacterial urinary tract infections in diabetes.

Bacterial UTIs are a common problem in patients with diabetes mellitus. Bacteriuria is more common in diabetic women than in non-diabetics owing to a combination of host and local risk factors. Upper tract disease is also more common in this group. Diabetics are at higher risk for intrarenal abscess, with a spectrum of disease ranging from acute focal bacterial pyelonephritis to renal corticomedullary abscess to the renal carbuncle. A number of uncommon complicated UTIs, such as emphysematous pyelonephritis and emphysematous pyelitis, occur more frequently in diabetics. Because of the frequency and severity of UTI in diabetics, prompt diagnosis and early therapy is warranted.

Abscess↗
PubMed1995

[Corynebacterium urealyticum in kidney transplant patients].

BACKGROUND: Corynebacterium urealyticum may produce severe urinary tract infections (UTI) in patients with renal transplantation (RT). The aim of this study was to define the prevalence, clinical spectrum and risk factors for the development of symptomatic UTI in RT receptors with bacteriuria by C. urealyticum. METHODS: The clinical data of RT patients with bacteriuria by C. urealyticum diagnosed in the Hospital Doce de Octubre in Madrid from January 1990 to September 1993 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients corresponded to two clearly differentiated periods. In the first, the presence of C. urealyticum was not actively sought in the urine sample while in the second an intentional search was carried out in all the RT with a selective culture medium containing different antibiotics, Tween-80 and urea to facilitate C. urealyticum identification and growth. RESULTS: C. urealyticum was isolated in the urine of 46 patients (14% of the RT performed in the study period). In the first phase 16 cases were diagnosed with 30 being found in the second with the selective medium. Bacteriuria by C. urealyticum was symptomatic in 18 patients (39%): 12 acute cystitis, one encrusted cystitis (IC), and 5 encrusted pyelitis (IP). Of the symptomatic patients 39% had a history of prolonged vesical catheterization, 27% carried ureteral catheterization and 50% had undergone other urologic manipulations. The clinical consequences were important with development of obstructive uropathy and alteration in renal function (28%), need for surgery (33%) and graft loss (5.5%). All the C. urealyticum strains were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin which were useful in the treatment although the most severe cases (IC, IP) required surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UTI by Corynebacterium urealyticum is high in RT patients. Occasionally, these infections may have severe consequences, particularly in patients with a history of urologic manipulation, if early diagnosis is not performed and adequate antibiotic treatment given. A selective culture medium should be used to isolate C. urealyticum in RT patients.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 (a new longacting granule of cephalexin) in pediatric field (author's transl)].

Clinical and laboratory studies on S-6437 were made, and the following results were obtained. 1. Thirty pediatric patients with various types of infections such as tonsillitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, cystitis, pyelitis, lymphadenitis colli and pyodermia were treated with S-6437 at the daily dosage of 50 mg/kg orally, the clinical effectiveness was 89.3%. 2. The peak blood level of cephalexin after a single oral administration (25 mg/kg) was observed after 4 hours and the average peak blood level of 10 cases was 7.4 microgram/ml. 3. The average urinary excretion rate of 5 cases was 71.2%. 4. Mild side effects were noticed in a few cases.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

[Pathology of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)].

Introduction of specific chemotherapy and vaccination leads to a remarkable recession of renal tuberculosis in the younger age group. Renal tuberculosis is the result of a haematogenous spread of tubercle bacillus. Haematogenous spreading occurs immediately after primary infection, or, in elderly patients, in combination with recurrency of tuberculous foci in lungs and hilar-lymphnodes. Simultaneous metastasis in the skeleton, especially in the vertebrae, are observed in 30%. The incubation period between tuberculous spread and clinical manifestation of renal tuberculosis lasts several years, in the average 5-8 years, for calcareous kidneys it may last as long as 20 years and more, for tuberculous pyelitis only a few months. Today it is possible to treat renal tuberculosis with drugs (Streptomycin, PAS and INH). In 13% the cicatrisation is combined with obstruction of calices and partial hydronephrosis, in 7% with obstruction of the ureter and total hydronephrosis. Early chemotherapy may prevent the development of tuberculous hydronephrosis.

Aged↗