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Results for “Quantitative Evaluation”

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PubMed1990

[Evaluation of effectiveness and safety and quantitative evaluation of the use of fluocinolone acetonide in cream (0.025%) and medicated tape (8 micrograms/cm2) in the treatment of psoriasis].

Eighteen male patients, mean aged of 55.7 years, affected by psoriasis were treated for an average of 19 days with fluocinolone acetonide (FA) using an occlusive traditional dressing with a 0.025% cream or with a medicated plastic porous tape (8 micrograms/cm2), according to a controlled hemipart design. The average total quantity of FA administrated for each patient was 3.431 mg on the side treated with tape and 19.827 mg on the side treated with cream. Both the treatments showed excellent efficacy (ANOVA between times p less than 0.01), better with the tape than with the occlusive conventional dressing. The patients preferred the use of the tape to the cream. The tolerability was very good. Treatment with the medicated tape was shown to be more effective than the occlusive traditional dressing, and yielded a reduction of the quantity of corticosteroid administrated to the patients.

Administration, Cutaneous↗

PubMed2006

In vivo imaging and quantitative evaluation of the rat retinal nerve fiber layer using scanning laser ophthalmoscopy.

PURPOSE: To determine whether scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) is useful for in vivo imaging and quantitative evaluation of rat retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using an optic nerve crush model. METHODS: The optic nerve of the right eye was crushed intraorbitally with a clip. The left eye served as the untreated control. Fundus images of both eyes were recorded by SLO using an argon blue laser before and 1, 2, and 4 weeks after optic nerve crush. The focused plane was sequentially moved by changing the refractive values in the SLO setting. The range of refractive values (DeltaF) in which the RNFL reflex was clearly observed was determined. The RNFL thickness in retinal sections was measured and compared to the DeltaF value from SLO images taken before histologic preparation. RESULTS: Striations of RNFL radiating from the optic disc were clearly visible by SLO. No obvious changes in the RNFL reflex were observed 1 week after optic nerve crush. However, striations of RNFL became uniformly darker and thinner 2 weeks after the crush and were barely visible 4 weeks after the crush. The DeltaF value was unchanged 1 week after the crush, but then decreased significantly and progressively after the second week. DeltaF was unchanged in the control eyes during the experimental period. The DeltaF value correlated significantly with the histologically determined RNFL thickness. CONCLUSIONS: SLO is a useful and valuable tool for in vivo imaging and quantitative evaluation of rat RNFL.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Breast carcinoma and benign breast lesions. Diaphanography and quantitative evaluation using the computer-controlled image scanner OSIRIS.

A total of 110 diaphanograms from women with breast carcinoma and 154 diaphanograms from women with benign breast disorders were quantitatively evaluated using the OSIRIS image scanner. Optical density values in the green and red spectral bands were recorded. The malignant and the benign groups, were statistically evaluated using linear discriminant analysis. Correct classification was obtained in 73.5 per cent of women with breast carcinoma and in 84.6 per cent of women with benign breast disorders. Visual interpretation of the findings alone classified 84.5 per cent of the malignant lesions correctly and 90.8 per cent of the benign lesions correctly. Quantitative evaluation combined with visual interpretation improved the accuracy of classification of breast carcinoma (91.8%), but not of benign breast disorders, which was about the same (83.8%).

Analog-Digital Conversion↗

PubMed2003

[Significance of interstitial lesions in IgA nephropathy: a quantitative evaluation of the interstitial area using an image analyzer for color extraction].

Progression to chronic renal failure is influenced by the extent of irreversible interstitial fibrosis. For a quantitative evaluation of interstitial fibrosis, we attempted color extraction of the interstitial area treated with Masson-Trichrome stain using an image analyzer. The subjects were 20 cases of IgA nephropathy with a mean age of 33.4 +/- 12.3 years. The interstitial lesions were graded simultaneously by renal pathologists without clinical information. In addition, immunohistochemical studies using specific antibodies against type III collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin and CD34 were performed to further characterize the interstitial lesions. The percentage of interstitium in the renal cortex evaluated by an image analyzer was significantly correlated with the pathological grade of fibrous interstitial damage(sigma = 0.861, p < 0.0002), the type III collagen-positive area(sigma = 0.954, p < 0.0001) and alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive area(sigma = 0.686, p = 0.0005). Moreover, the percentage of interstitium was negatively correlated with 24-hr creatinine clearance(r = -0.744, p < 0.0001) and the numbers of peritubular capillaries detected by CD34(r = -0.649, p < 0.0014). These findings suggest that color extraction of the interstitial area stained with Masson-Trichrome using image analysis is useful for a quantitative evaluation of the interstitial fibrous lesions in IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Osteogenesis and angiogenesis in regenerating bone during transverse distraction: quantitative evaluation using a canine model.

For some patients with a bone defect, curved deformity, or small diameter bone, transverse distraction might be better indicated than bone transport or lengthening. However, detailed quantitative evaluation of osteogenesis or angiogenesis during transverse distraction by creating a well-controlled animal model has not been done. We established a transverse distraction model of the canine tibia. A rectangular cortex was separated for a distraction fragment. Seven days after the operation, 0.5-mm distraction was applied twice daily for 14 days. After a 28-day consolidation period, the animals were sacrificed. Quantitative evaluations of the rates of mineralization and the increases of bone mineral density indicated faster mineralization and earlier corticalization of the regenerating bone in the initial stage of the consolidation period. The average blood vessel volume ratio in the distraction area was more than three times greater than in the intact contralateral tibiae. We hypothesized that adequate preservation of the marrow arteries and stability of the distraction site throughout an experimental period could induce this faster osteogenesis. Our results indicated that the transverse distraction technique was feasible. The transverse distraction technique could be indicated for patients with small-diameter bones or with massive bone defects.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Quantitative evaluation of the degree of damage to tracheal epithelium.

Quantitative evaluation of the injury to the tracheal epithelium was carried out under various experimental conditions. The damage of the epithelium was classified in three groups, according its severity. In several impaired epithelium all the goblet cells were stimulated to release their secretion. The mechanism of mucus discharge was maximally accelerated. Over 90% of the exhausted goblet cells degenerated. In average only 1 cilium/micron 2 was left in the ciliary border. Over 10% of the remaining cilia displayed signs of alteration. As morphological signs of impairment of the self-cleaning ability of the epithelium, large amounts of inspissated mucus and numerous bacteria were observed in the area of the damaged ciliary border. In moderately severe epithelial injury about 80% of the goblet cells were stimulated and half of them degenerated. The mean number of cilia in the ciliary border was 3/micron 2. The signs of impairment of the self-cleaning ability of the epithelium were less pronounced. In mild damage, about half of the goblet cells were stimulated and the degenerated ones formed less than 10% of all the mucous-secreting elements. The number of kinocilia per micron 2 fell on the average by one third. No signs of the self-cleaning ability impairment were recorded.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Singh's method of the radiological quantitative evaluation of osteoporosis compared with the densitometric method.

The quantitative evaluation of osteoporosis by Singh's radiographic method, which is based on analysis of the trabecular pattern of the upper end of the femur, recognises seven successive grades of bone loss. This method has been shown, by comparison with bone densitometry, to be reliable both for the quantification of osteoporosis and as a screening method for early diagnosis. The method is sufficiently precise, and is not affected by independent factors such as variations of radiographic technique and the individual characteristics of the subject being tested.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer for cystic fibrosis: quantitative evaluation of repeated in vivo vector administration to the lung.

Adenoviral vectors have an important role as in vivo gene delivery vehicles in developing human gene therapy for the fatal pulmonary component of cystic fibrosis. In this study we evaluated the immune responses to wild-type adenovirus and replication-deficient, first generation adenoviral (Av1) vectors in the cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) and then quantitatively evaluated the efficiency of gene delivery and expression of single and repeated in vivo administration of Av1 vectors to the respiratory tract. Av1 vector reporter gene expression was quantitatively evaluated by employing a luciferase expression vector (Av1Luc1) and measuring luciferase activity in whole lung tissue homogenates by routine luminometry. Gene transfer and expression in naive animals (e.g. first Av1 vector dose) was efficient. A repeat dose also resulted in successful gene transfer and expression, although at a significantly reduced level (p < 0.01) compared with naive animals. This reduction inversely correlated with serum human adenovirus neutralizing antibody (HANA) titers. Importantly, increasing doses of Av1Cf2, an Av1 vector expressing the human CFTR cDNA, resulted in a graded HANA response consistent with a lack of in vivo replication. These observations have significant implications for repeated administration of adenoviral vectors to the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1984

Quantitative evaluation of guinea pig spermatogenesis: Epon versus paraffin embedding.

A quantitative evaluation of spermatogenesis in the guinea pig was made at the light microscope level following improved methods of fixation and plastic embedding. The pattern of germ cell differentiation was studied by counting the average number of germ cell nuclei per Sertoli cell nucleus during the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Appreciable cell loss occurred during spermatogenesis. As a result, only 20.8% of the theoretically possible number of spermatozoa were produced from each spermatogonium. A slightly better yield of germ cells was obtained from Epon sections in comparison to paraffin sections. Epon sections can be effectively used for quantitative analyses of various cell populations in small biopsy specimens of testis tissue.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

[Quantitative evaluation of esophageal scintigraphy in systemic sclerosis].

BACKGROUND: Esophageal involvement by systemic sclerosis (SSc) is frequent. The purpose of this study was to evaluate esophageal motility disorders quantitatively. METHODS: We investigate esophageal scintigraphy in 22 patients with SSc. Esophageal scintigraphy was obtained with swallowing physiological saline in supine position, and swallowing soup in supine and sitting positions. Data was acquired with 0.5 sec per frame for 192 frames in the anterior view. We employed a condensed image as a visual evaluation, half-life and retention rate as a quantitative evaluation, which were obtained from time-activity curves generated from regions of interest on the whole esophagus. The half-life and retention rate were compared with classification of Barnett, stages of SSc, and modified Rodnan total skin score (TSS). RESULTS: No significant differences were seen in classification of Barnett and the stages of SSc. No significant difference was seen between swallowing water and soup in the supine position. The retention rate was significantly prolonged in the supine position than in the sitting position. The retention rate of soup study in the sitting position correlated with TSS (r = 0.61). CONCLUSION: Esophageal scintigraphy in the sitting position is useful in evaluation of esophageal motility in SSc.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Derivation of pharmacokinetics equations for quantitative evaluation of bioartificial liver functions.

A bioartificial liver (BAL) is an extracorporeal medical device incorporating living hepatocytes in a cartridge. A variety of BALs have been developed and new devices are being introduced. Some of them have been clinically applied and from the results obtained they are claimed to be useful devices for assisting the liver functions of patients. However, there is still uncertainty as to their efficacy and their limitations are not clear. It is important to establish methods to quantitatively evaluate the metabolic and synthetic functions of BAL. In this paper, we derive simple equations for the quantitative evaluation of BAL functions on the basis of pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics was originally developed to understand the processes of absorption, distribution, and elimination of administered drugs. Metabolic functions of the natural liver have been analyzed using pharmacokinetics and values of the useful parameters, clearance (CL) and intrinsic clearance (CLint), have been reported. The metabolic functions of the BAL expressed using values of CL and CLint are easily compared with those of the normal human liver. We believe that our method provides a useful basis for estimating the clinical effectiveness of BAL.

Bioartificial Organs↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative evaluation of sensorineural structures following stapes surgery.

Sensorineural hearing loss may occur following stapes surgery. The reason for this remains unclear in spite of experimental studies in animals and postmortem temporal bone evaluations in humans. In this study, we quantitatively evaluated the sensorineural elements of six human temporal bones after stapes surgery. Outer hair cell loss in the upper basal turn was present in two cases. This lesion has not previously been described in human temporal bones after stapes surgery. In temporal bones with preoperative sensorineural hearing loss, evidence of presbycusis was also present. The importance of quantification in evaluating these structures must be stressed.

Aged↗

PubMed1979

Quantitative evaluation of hypertensive pulmonary arterial change.

A new method to quantitatively evaluate pulmonary arterial change in pulmonary hypertension is presented in this paper. Hypertensive pulmonary arterial changes are classified into four grades according to severity and a score from 1 to 4 is given to each arterial change according to the grading. An index of pulmonary vascular disease is then defined as a relative mean value of all scores. It is concluded that this index accurately expresses the grade of pulmonary arterial change in the whole pulmonary arterial system in any given case and makes possible a detailed statistical analysis of large numbers of cases.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Model investigation of push-out test used for quantitative evaluation of dental implant osseointegration].

A frequently used method for quantitative evaluation of implant-bone interface strength is the push-out test. The objective of the authors' study was to determine the effect of implants' geometric characteristics on the results of push-out method. The degree of osseointegration is determined by a complicated interaction of mechanical, biological and chemical factors. As this study focused on the effects of geometrical characteristics of dental implants, the authors tried to reduce the influence of biological and chemical factors as much as possible. For this reason a model of push-out test was set up. Cylindrical metal rods were imbedded in acrylic resin and were pushed out, meanwhile the force needed to disrupt the connection between the surface of the metal rods and the resin was measured and push-out strengths were calculated. Metal rods with three different lengths (7, 9, and 13 mm) and three different diameters (3.4, 4, 4.5 mm) were investigated. No correlation was found between implant length and maximum push-out strength. The mean push-out strengths were 17.32 MPa, 15.99 MPa and 15.56 MPa in groups, with 3.4, 4 and 4.5 mm diameter, thus the push-out strength decreases with increasing metal rod diameter. This may be attributed to the different distance between the outer circumference of the metal rods and the hole of the supporting table. Supporting this theory metal rods with identical diameter were examined, while the diameter of the hole on the supporting table was changed. The results demonstrated that larger holes on the supporting table resulted in higher push-out strengths. This indicates that comparisons of this variable should only be performed with standardized clearance of the hole on the supporting table. Push-out strengths of groups of cylindrical and conical implants with 9 degrees convergence were also investigated. The mean values were 16.57 MPa and 16.43 MPa, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. This means that results of experiments with all the above mentioned implant types are comparable, at least to that degree of conicity. As masticatory forces act usually on a surface, which is not perpendicular to the implant axis, we compared forces and push-out strengths that acted on surfaces with 10 degrees and 15 degrees inclination. The calculated average push-out strengths were 24.89 MPa and 22.56 MPa, respectively. More than twice as high push-out strengths were measured when threaded metal rods were compared to unthreaded ones (30.15 MPa, 14.89 MPa, respectively). Examining the effect of pitch of threads we compared the mean push-out strengths in three groups of threaded metal rods with pitch of threads 0.7, 1.0 and 1.25. The results were 28.86 MPa, 30.48 MPa, 31.12 MPa, respectively. The differences can be explained with the alteration in the dimension of the interface covered by the acrylic resin. Thus the effect of diameter, inclined opposing surface and threads must not be ignored if one compares the osseointegration capacity of different implants.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗

PubMed1990

A quantitative evaluation of pontine volume by computed tomography in patients with cerebellar degeneration.

We used CT to make a quantitative evaluation of the pontine volumes of 55 patients with adult-onset cerebellar degeneration and compared the results with their clinical records. Patients with pontine atrophy showed significantly more autonomic dysfunction and extrapyramidal signs; their other clinical features did not differ from patients without pontine atrophy. After dividing the patients into 2 groups, those with and without autonomic dysfunction or extrapyramidal signs, we found that those with these manifestations also had pontine atrophy, a later onset and shorter duration of the disease, and impairment of higher brain functions. The group without these manifestations had relatively normal pontine volume, a greater familial tendency for cerebellar degeneration, and longer duration of the disease. Our results suggest that quantitative volume evaluation of the pons by CT is important for the clinical categorization of cerebellar degeneration.

Atrophy↗

PubMed2001

A methodology for quantitative evaluation of root canal instrumentation using microcomputed tomography.

AIM: The aim of this paper was to present an objective methodology for quantitative evaluation of root canal instrumentation using microcomputer tomography, together with developed software based on a constructed mathematical model. METHODOLOGY: A desktop X-ray micro-CT scanner (SkyScan 1072) was used to provide data sets of an extracted mandibular molar before and after instrumentation (ProFile 0.04 Taper instruments, Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) that were stored for later use by software. A volume visualization package (T3D) was applied to obtain 3D renderings of the molar to illustrate the qualitative visualization capacity. Next, medical image volume fusion software was used to allow alignment of pre and post image volumes. Finally, software was developed to make quantitative measurements and to provide additional qualitative information on the registered image volumes. This procedure implemented a true 3D mathematical model for quantification of instrumentation effects. Using a local co-ordinate frame, perpendicular reslices were made at five different levels within the mesio-buccal canal to evaluate transportation and centring ability. RESULTS: At first accurate and detailed 3D renderings were obtained. The general and local canal shape before and after preparation could visually be examined in 360 degrees rotation. Numerical values were obtained for volume, volume changes and transportation. Centring ability was calculated by centring ratio and centre movement. CONCLUSIONS: This methodology is a new and objective way for quantitative evaluation of root canal instrumentation using microcomputer tomography and dedicated software.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1983

Improvement of bone scintigraphy by quantitative evaluation compared with X-ray studies and iliac crest biopsy in malignant disease.

Bone marrow biopsy of the iliac crest was performed on 268 patients (124 males; 144 females). Of these patients 206 had haematological systemic disorders (HSD) or carcinoma and suspected bone involvement, which was confirmed by biopsy on 66 patients. Bone biopsy was performed not longer than 3 weeks after X-ray examination and bone scintigraphy which, combined, had already raised the suspicion of skeletal involvement in 55% of the 66 patients with skeletal involvement diagnosed by biopsy. Additional quantitative evaluation of the bone scans using bone to soft tissue ratios was able to increase the overall accuracy to 67% in that group. Additional quantitative assessment of the scan yielded considerably more effective bone scintigraphy, particularly in cases with visually normal patterns. Available equipment should therefore be used in scintigraphic bone imaging on a routine basis. It was shown that the various methods of examination, i.e. X-ray, biopsy and scintigraphy with both visual and quantitative evaluation provide their own individual values for the final diagnosis. Therefore, if one of the methods shows a negative result, bone involvement is not excluded and the others should be used for confirmation.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of nourishment of middle school pupils from Bialystok].

Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of nourishment of gymnasium pupils from Białystok and its vicinity was conducted on 294 schoolchildren of both sexes, drawn by lot from two public middle schools. Their nourishment was qualitatively assessed according to Szewczyński's classification. The quantitative analysis used the previous day 24-hour history method. Caloricity of meals and the content of basic nutrients were calculated using a computer program FOOD 2. The results were compared with the recommended sex and age norms for moderate physical activity and subjected to statistical analysis using t-Student test. The study has shown that the majority of meals consumed by young people are incorrect. The menus are characterized by too high fat content. The diets of boys from the country exceed the norm of caloricity, and like the menus of boys from town, contain too much protein.

Adolescent↗