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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of radioprotectars from various chemical compound classes on dynamic work capacity and carbohydrate metabolism].

The influence of radioprotectors cystamine, mexamine and gammaphos on the physical performance capacity and carbohydrate metabolism was subjected to a comparative study. Cystamine and mexamine were found to lower the capacity of the animals to endure physical loads, this being attended by falling stocks of glycogen in the liver and muscles and a rising level of the blood lactate and pyruvate in comparison with controls. Gammaphos has no effect on the performance capacity of the animals and carbohydrate metabolism.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗
PubMed1978

Rapid-mixing studies of the mechanisms of chemical radiosensitization and protection in mammalial cells.

A continuous flow, rapid-mixing system has been constructed to measure the degree of radiosensitization or protection observable after incubation of Chinese hamster ovary cells at room temperature for periods from about 5 to 1000 ms with a number of radiation modifiers. In agreement with Adams et al. (1975) full sensitization by oxygen is obtained in only a few tens of milliseconds. Misonidazole (10 mM) sensitizes at very nearly the steady-state level (E.R. approximately 2.3) in about 300 ms. Similarly near maximum sensitization by 10 mM metronidazole is seen within the same period. For large effects to be observed in such short times makes unlikely the involvement of any biochemical modification of either the drug or cells. Radioprotection by 1 M dimethyl suplhoxide reaches about 80% of the equilibrium control value within 850 ms. However, if its mode of action involves scavenging of hydroxyl radicals in competition with cellular components, the necessity for very high concentrations in the immediate region of the cellular target would be expected to require longer diffusion times. Cysteamine (10 mM) shows no evidence of its substantial protective ability even after 850 ms incubation. This molecule, which alone in this group exists as an ion in neutral solution, may encounter considerable difficulty in entering the cells.

Cell Survival↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effectiveness of hypoxic hypoxia as a means of protecting the body from ionizing radiation exposure with the use of sodium oxybutyrate and mexamine].

While exerting a pronounced antihypoxic action on the body of white mice under nypoxic hypoxia, a combination of sodium hydroxybutyrate and mexamine given in comparatively low doses (100 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively) did not remove the radioprotective effect of hypoxic hypoxia. In hemic and histotoxic hypoxia the drugs did not exhibit any antihy-oxic action.

5-Methoxytryptamine↗
PubMed1979

[General characteristics and comparative evaluation of the radioprotective properties of aryl alkyl amine adrenomimetics in experiments on mice].

The radioprotective effect (RPE) of some arylalkylamines (AAAs) was studied in experiments on mice. Mesaton and its close analogues were injected subcutaneously 15 minutes prior to irradiation at a dose of 800 rad. The protective effect is exerted by AAAs in low doses (25--50 mumole/kg), the compounds show stable and high RPE (80--80% survival, dose reduction factor being 1.3--1.4) and low toxicity (LD50 = 4--8 mumole/kg). AAAs studied are not less effective than aminothiols. Their pharmacological spectrum--K = LD50/ED50 (200--500) is superior to that of known aminothiols and indolylalkylamines.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the effect of Fenchlorphos on postirradiation changes of serum proteins and nucleic acids content in rat liver.

The effect of Fenchlorphos on postirradiation changes of serum protein levels and nucleic acid content in rat liver were investigated. It was found that this compound significantly decreases postirradiation changes in serum proteins, properdin level and nucleic acid content in rat liver. An important role of these phenomena in radioprotective action of Fenchlorphos is suggested.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1975

Cytogenetics analysis of meiotic chromosomes of irradiated mice and their progeny after treatment with streptomycin and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin.

The purpose of this investigation is to find out whether streptomycin and the related compound dihydrodeoxystreptomycin have any mutagenic effect and whether they both are capable of recovering X-ray induced chromosomal translocations in mouse spermatogonia of directly treated animals and their progeny of the first generation. The cytological findings show the absence of any mutagenic effect in animals nonirradiated and treated with streptomycin and dihydrodeoxystreptomycin. The frequency of chromosomal translocation after total irradiation was 9,07%; in animals treated with streptomycin following irradiation 5.13%, and in those irradiated and treated with dihyrodeoxystreptomycin, 3.70%. Male offsprings, originated from parents treated only with antibiotics show no chromosomal translocations. However, offsprings originated from irradiated and treated parents gave birth to the male offspring with chromosomal translocations.

Animals↗