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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Religion and the science of relationships: is a happy marriage possible?

The current article is a commentary on the 4 articles included in this issue regarding religion and the family. Recommendations are made regarding the methodological strategies that might be followed in enhancing the science of religion and family. The 4 articles in this issue are used as examples of how the field can fruitfully proceed in the future. Foremost among the recommendations is that specific hypotheses be developed to explore explicit ways in which certain aspects of religious life might relate to specific aspects of family/marriage functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

The idea of a "beginningless" world-process: perspectives from the Hindu tradition.

This paper, while seeking to expose some of the basic ideas of Hindu cosmology, focuses on the philosophical and soteriological dimensions of the notions of "beginning" and "beginningless" in the discourses associated with dominant world-religions. It is hoped that a deeper grasp of these issues in a multi-religious context will help to bridge the distance between diverse traditions of thinking as well as facilitate the science-religion dialogue.

Culture↗
PubMed2005

Explanations versus applications: the explanatory power of valuable beliefs.

People hold beliefs that vary not only in their perceived truth, but also in their value to the believer--their meaning, relevance, and importance. We argue that a belief's value is determined, at least in part, by its explanatory power. Highly valuable beliefs are those that can uniquely explain and organize a diverse set of observations. Less valuable beliefs, in contrast, are those that can be explained by other observations, or that explain and organize few observations. The results of three experiments are consistent with these hypotheses. These experiments demonstrate that applying either scientific or religious beliefs to explain other observations increases the perceived value of those beliefs, whereas generating explanations for the existence of beliefs decreases their perceived value. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for people's resistance to explaining their own beliefs, for the perceived value of science and religion, and for culture wars between people holding opposing beliefs.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

The failure of theories of personhood.

The belief persists in philosophy, religion, science, and popular culture that some special cognitive property of persons like self-consciousness confers a unique moral standing. However, no set of cognitive properties confers moral standing, and metaphysical personhood is not sufficient for either moral personhood or moral standing. Cognitive theories all fail to capture the depth of commitments embedded in using the language of "person." It is more assumed than demonstrated in these theories that nonhuman animals lack a relevant form of self-consciousness or its functional equivalent. Although nonhuman animals are not plausible candidates for moral personhood, humans too fail to qualify as moral persons if they lack one or more of the conditions of moral personhood. If moral personhood were the sole basis of moral rights, then these humans would lack rights -- and precisely for the reasons that nonhuman animals would.

Animal Rights↗
PubMed2003

Psychiatry, religion and cognitive science.

OBJECTIVE: To see whether certain findings in cognitive science can serve to bridge the conceptual gap between psychiatry, particularly in its psychotherapeutic aspects, and religious/spiritual understanding. METHOD: A brief review is given of certain basic differences between psychiatric understanding in its psychotherapeutic aspects, and much of Western religious/spiritual understanding. Reference is then made to certain findings in contemporary cognitive science which might challenge the implicit mind-body split of Western religious tradition and its parallel in psychotherapeutic practice. Attention is also drawn to elements in religious/spiritual tradition that run counter to this dualistic point of view. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Much of contemporary religious/spiritual understanding, and of modern psychiatric understanding, especially in terms of psychotherapy, appear to exist in quite separate domains. Psychotherapy and the greater part of Western religious thinking, however, share a belief in the existence of a transcendent mind. Recent developments in cognitive science and certain spiritual traditions, challenge this implicit mind-body split, providing an opportunity for a renewed dialogue between psychiatry and religion and the possibility of collaborative research.

Cognitive Science↗