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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Modulation of cat monosynaptic reflexes by substance P.

Substance P (SP) applied by iontophoresis at different current strengths to single motoneurons of cat spinal cord did not cause these units to discharge. SP produced a gradual and prolonged change in synaptic excitability as measured by response to dorsal root stimulation. The effect outlasted application of SP. The lowest effective dose of SP diminished motoneuron response to dorsal root stimulation (inhibitory modulation). Doses 2-4 times as great enhanced the response to dorsal root stimulation (facilitatory modulation) without causing the motoneuron to discharge spontaneously. These observations suggest that one physiological role of SP is modulation of synaptic transmission, i.e. alteration of efficacy of transmission without acting as a primary transmitter at the postsynaptic membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Spindle activity and monosynaptic reflex excitability during foreperiod.

Healthy volunteers were instructed to perform an isometric plantar foot flexion as quickly as possible after a foreperiod (FP) of 1000 msec defined by two clicks (warning signal (WS) and response signal (RS). In 6 volunteers the H reflex was evoked in triceps surae muscle and recorded by surface electrodes (stimulus intensity 30% of maximum). The H reflex was elicited at WS and RS as well as during FP at intervals of 100 msec. H reflex amplitudes were taken as a sign of monosynaptic reflex excitability (MSRE). Amplitudes during FP were compared with the average control values at rest. Relaxation of lower limb muscles before and during FP was controlled by EMG. MSRE was increased in the first part of FP with a maximum at 300 msec after WS and decreased in the second part, with a minimum at 800 msec after WS. In a second series of experiments, in 10 volunteers, single fiber activity from primary muscle spindle afferents was recorded with tungsten electrodes from deep peroneal nerve (6 records) and from tibial nerve (3 records). The activity of primary spindle afferents before and during the FP was calculated by instantaneous discharge frequency and histograms of spike distribution. The EMG was taken from sural triceps and anterior tibial muscles with needle electrodes; a mechanogram of tendon deflection was taken by an appropriate strain gauge. In 5 primary afferents without spontaneous activity at rest and during FP, discharge started with a delay of 10-15 msec after the onset of EMG activity during the motor reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Electromyography↗
PubMed1989

Changes in electromyographically recorded human monosynaptic reflex in relation to hypnotic susceptibility and hypnosis.

The aim of the present experiment was to study how hypnotic susceptibility and hypnosis affect motoneuron excitability. In a first trial, human subjects were selected according to their hypnotic susceptibility. In a second trial, the Hoffmann (H) reflex amplitude of the soleus muscle was studied in 3 groups: (1) highly susceptible subjects during hypnosis with standardized suggestions of simple relaxation, anesthesia, analgesia and paralysis (group I), (2) highly susceptible subjects (group II), and (3) non-susceptible subjects (group III) during long-lasting control conditions. Surface Ag/AgCl electrodes were used to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve using a constant current stimulator and to record the soleus EMG. Analysis of variance was performed on the data. The linear correlation coefficient within groups was evaluated. The H reflex amplitude decreased significantly during the recording session in groups I and II and there was no change in group III. In group I the effect of different suggestions could not be distinguished from the effect of hypnotic relaxation. The decrements in H amplitude did not differ between groups I and II, suggesting that the effect was related to personality traits rather than hypnotic induction.

Electric Stimulation↗