PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Reflex, Startle”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Prestimulus modification of the startle reflex: relationship to personality and physiological markers of dopamine function.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI), a measure of sensorimotor gating, is regulated by dopamine (DA) in rodents. We examined the relationship of PPI in humans to putative markers of brain DA function: (1) novelty seeking (NS; Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ)), which is associated with specific DA receptor subtypes, and is reduced in Parkinson's Disease; (2) blink rate, which is increased in primates by DA agonists, and is reduced in Parkinson's Disease. PPI, TPQ and blink rate were measured in 79 normal adult males. A significant negative correlation was observed between resting blink rate and mean PPI, but not between NS and PPI. Blink rate correlated positively with resting EMG level, but this did not account for the relationship between blink rate and PPI. In normal male humans, PPI is inversely related to a physiological marker of resting DA tone (blink rate), but not to a putatively DA-linked personality trait (high NS).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Disruption of prepulse inhibition of startle reflex in a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: reversal by clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone but not by haloperidol.

Neonatal ventral hippocampal (NVH) lesions in rats have been shown to induce behavioral abnormalities at adulthood thought to simulate some aspects of positive, negative and cognitive deficits classically observed in schizophrenic patients. Such lesions induced a post-pubertal emergence of prepulse inhibition deficits reminiscent of the sensorimotor gating deficits observed in a large majority of schizophrenic patients. Here we have investigated the capacity of typical and atypical antipsychotics to reverse PPI deficits seen in NVH-lesioned rats. We show that three atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, olanzapine and risperidone) were able to reverse lesion-induced PPI deficits, in contrast to haloperidol, a classical neuroleptic. These results show that the NVH lesion model seems to be endowed with a fair predictive validity as, like in schizophrenic patients, PPI deficits in lesioned animals were reversed by atypical antipsychotics but not by the typical neuroleptic haloperidol.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex and oculomotor control.

Prepulse inhibition and the suppression of reflexive saccades on the antisaccade task are thought to tap inhibitory function. Reports of a lack of association between these measures suggest that they reflect different facets of inhibition. This study aimed to reexamine this relationship in a large sample and investigate the association of prepulse inhibition with oculomotor tasks that require inhibition of a reflexive saccade with lower concurrent processing demands than antisaccades, namely the oculomotor delayed response and fixation with distractors tasks. One hundred and seven healthy volunteers took part. Prepulse inhibition was uncorrelated with oculomotor performance. The error rate was highest for antisaccades, intermediate for the delayed response task, and lowest for fixation with distractors, and was correlated across tasks. These findings provide no evidence of a relationship between prepulse inhibition and oculomotor inhibition. Failure in suppressing reflexive saccades toward a peripheral target may represent a common inhibitory component underlying these oculomotor tasks.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1998

Changes in temporal acuity with age and with hearing impairment in the mouse: a study of the acoustic startle reflex and its inhibition by brief decrements in noise level.

Temporal acuity for brief gaps in noise was studied in mice of different ages (1-36 months) from strains with differing susceptibility to age-related hearing loss, using reflex modification audiometry. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR) increased with gap depth (GD: 10-40 dB in 70 dB SPL noise) and lead time (LT: 1-15 ms). The increase in inhibition with LT followed an exponential function in which the two parameters, asymptotic inhibition (AINH) and the time constant (tau), were both affected by GD. AINH rapidly declined from 1 to 6 and then to 18 months of age in C57BL/6J mice with progressively severe hearing loss, but first increased with maturation and then gradually declined beyond 6-12 months of age in CBA/CaJ and CBA x C57BL Fl-hybrid mice, which show no apparent change in sensory function at these ages. In contrast, tau was unaffected by hearing loss or by age, this suggesting that age-related changes in this form of temporal acuity occur because of a reduction in the efficiency with which gaps are centrally processed, not from any reduced ability to follow their rapid shift in noise level.

Age Factors↗