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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Destructive lesions of the proximal sesamoid bones as a complication of dorsal metatarsal artery catheterization in three horses.

OBJECTIVE: To describe focal destructive lesions of the proximal sesamoid bones (PSBs) as a complication of dorsal metatarsal artery catheterization performed for direct blood pressure monitoring during equine general anesthesia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: Three client-owned horses. METHODS: A dorsal metatarsal artery was catheterized in each of 3 horses for direct blood pressure monitoring during anesthesia. Radiography, ultrasonography, synoviocentesis, and arthroscopy were used to diagnose postoperative lameness that occurred in the limb used for blood pressure monitoring. RESULTS: Horses developed severe lameness, localized to the fetlock region of the catheterized limb within 21 days of surgery. Antibiotic therapy was administered. Surgical debridement was possible in 1 horse. Two horses that had lesions that were inaccessible, failed to respond to medical management and were euthanatized. The 3rd horse that had surgical debridement of affected bone, survived. Changes in hospital protocol, by improving aseptic technique during catheter insertion and use of new manometer tubing and heparinized saline for each arterial catheter inserted in the dorsal metatarsal artery, have eliminated this complication. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis and treatment of destructive lesions of the PSB were difficult. Strict aseptic technique should be followed during insertion of arterial catheters. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Focal destructive lesions of the PSB subsequent to dorsal metatarsal arterial catheterization is a rare but serious complication of equine anesthesia.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Anatomic and radiographic appearance of a sesamoid bone in the tendon of origin of the supinator muscle of dogs.

Radiologic and anatomic studies of the elbow of 100 dogs of 17 different breeds showed that a sesamoid bone may be located in a constantly present sesamoid cartilage associated with the tendon of origin of the supinator muscle. The sesamoid was observed in 31% of the radiographs of 100 supinator tendons dissected from 50 of the dogs. The bone was usually bilateral and was best demonstrated in craniocaudal medial-to-lateral oblique radiographs of the elbow where it articulated with the craniolateral aspect of the head of the radius.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Pathological fragmentation of the sesamoid bone of the index due to repetitive micro trauma: a case report and review of the literature].

Pathology of the sesamoid bones have been rarely described in the literature especially those of the index. We present the case of a 45 years old amateur tennis player who presented with pain on the radial border of the index finger at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint. The clinical examination and the operative findings allow us to conclude that the symptoms were due to tendinitis of the flexors of the index associated with fracture of the sesamoid and cartilaginous degenerative changes. We also present a review of the literature.

Cartilage Diseases↗
PubMed1990

Fractures of the sesamoid bones of the thumb.

Sesamoid fractures of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb may be classified into two types: (1) with palmar plate intact, and (2) with palmar plate ruptured. In type 1, the patient maintains a normal flexion posture of the metacarpophalangeal joint as well as the ability to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint and interphalangeal joint. In type 2, the metacarpophalangeal joint assumes a hyperextension posture and the patient is unable to flex the metacarpophalangeal joint. Three cases are described to illustrate the two types of the injury. An open fracture of a thumb sesamoid associated with laceration of the palmar plate in a child was treated by reapproximating the palmar plate and the fracture fragments with sutures. Two additional closed fractures of the thumb sesamoid were treated by splinting the metacarpophalangeal joint in comfortable flexion for 2 to 3 weeks. Normal hand function was restored in all the three patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The arterial supply of the sesamoid bones of the hallux: the course and source of the nutrient arteries as an anatomical basis for surgical approaches to the great toe.

The arterial supply of the hallux sesamoids was studied in 29 human feet by anatomical dissection. Eight of them underwent radiographic analysis prior to dissection. The sesamoid arteries branch off from the digital plantar arteries of the hallux, which, in turn, are derived from the medial plantar artery and the plantar arch (type A), the plantar arch (type B), or the medial plantar artery (type C). The respective frequencies of types A, B, and C were 52%, 24%, and 24%. The number of sesamoid arteries varied from one (55%) to three (10%) and the number increased with the size of the sesamoid bones. Anatomical knowledge of the course and distribution of these vessels may be of great help to the orthopedist in the understanding of the pathogenesis of avascular necrosis and may provide insight into several technical aspects regarding surgery of the hallux.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Dimensions and arterial vascular supply of the sesamoid bones of the human hallux.

The arterial supply of the ossa sesamoidea hallucis was studied in 13 subjects of both sexes by gross anatomical dissection. The majority of the ossa sesamoidea, i.e. 63% of the medial and 58% of the lateral sesamoid bones (SB), were supplied by a single artery. 26% of the medial and 32% of the lateral SB received 2 sesamoid arteries. In left feet only, 3 sesamoid arteries were found to supply 11% of the medial and 10% of the lateral SB. The actual number of sesamoid arteries proved to correspond to the dimensions and compactness (robusticity) of the ossa sesamoidea hallucis as well as to several other parameters, such as anthropometric dimensions, sex and footedness of the individuals.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Innervation of the equine mature and immature proximal sesamoid bone by calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P-containing nerves.

OBJECTIVE: To localize and determine relative frequency of occurrence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) fibers in the proximal sesamoid bones (PSB) and adjacent structures in sound horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: 4 foals and 3 adult horses. PROCEDURE: Medial PSB and adjacent ligaments of both forelimbs were collected, flushed, and fixed in buffered 4% formalin. The left PSB were cut into 5 longitudinal, sagittally oriented slabs, and the right PSB were cut into 5 transverse slabs. After decalcification in EDTA, slices were transferred to a 30% sucrose solution, deep frozen, sectioned (80 microm), and stored in Tris-buffered saline solution for free-floating immunocytochemical processing, staining of which was performed by use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method with polyclonal rabbit antibodies against CGRP and SP. Sections were examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: Calcitonin gene-related peptide and SP fibers were present throughout the PSB; in ligaments, they were concentrated at the attachment sites. Presentation of the fibers, the innervation pattern, and intensity in the bones of horses differed from that in foals, in which the fibers were more delicate and frequency of occurrence was lower. In horses, innervation with CGRP and SP fibers was more dense in the periphery of the bone, whereas in foals, local difference in innervation of the bone was not evident. With the exception of the intersesamoidean ligament, ligaments were more richly innervated than was bone. CONCLUSION: Presence of the nociceptive peptides CGRP and SP indicated that the PSB and, more practically, the adjacent ligaments are sensitive structures.

Aging↗
PubMed1984

Hallux sesamoid bones. Anatomical observations with special reference to osteoarthritis and hallux valgus.

The normal characteristics of the hallux sesamoid bones were studied in 200 toes (100 dissections and 100 radiographs from patients with hallux valgus), and pathological changes were recorded. Normally each sesamoid articulated with a separate groove on the plantar surface of the first metatarsal head. A bony ridge on the head separated these grooves. Bipartite sesamoids were found in 4% of the toes. Osteoarthritic changes manifested by deformity, irregularity, lipping, cysts in the sesamoids and in the heads of the first metatarsal, and erosions in the articular surfaces were present in 32% of the dissected toes. Fusion of the sesamoids was found in 6%. Ankylosis between the sesamoids and the head of the metatarsal was observed in 4%. In the toes affected by hallux valgus the sesamoids, together with the plantar pad and the tendon of the flexor hallucis brevis, were displaced laterally to a variable degree. In severe deformities the lateral sesamoid was dislocated lateral to the first metatarsal head and the medial sesamoid occupied the groove originally corresponding to the lateral sesamoid, while the metatarsal ridge separating the two sesamoids tended to disappear. Osteoarthritis of the metatarsophalangeal joint frequently accompanied hallux valgus.

Hallux↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Osteochondritis of the hallux sesamoid bones.

The clinical, radiological, and pathological features of six cases of osteochondritis of the metatarsal sesamoids are presented. This condition seems to affect primarily young females. Bone scans are a useful tool in assessing disease in the hallux sesamoid bones. Stress fracture and subsequent repair are postulated as the etiology of osteochondritis of the hallux sesamoid bones. Many of these cases do not respond to conservative management and the affected sesamoid must be surgically removed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stress fracture of the internal sesamoid bone of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Case report].

We present the case of a fourty-two year old truck driver without a major trauma history who was diagnosed in our unit as having a stress fracture of the first metatarsophalangeal joint medial sesamoid bone. Conservative treatment consisting of 30 day immobilisation was our treatment choice. The result was very good and at six month follow-up the patient had no complains. We have searched for other opinions but there is a paucity of published literature on the injuries of the lesser toe sesamoids of the foot. The literature review revealed different types of treatment such as: conservative treatment, internal fixation of the sesamoid fracture (screw fixation), reduction of weight-bearing pressure on the affected sesamoid, ice massage or sesamoidectomy. Due to the fact that the different conclusions are based on very few cases, it is no possible to conclude about optimal treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The ligaments and sesamoid bones of knee joint in New Zealand rabbits.

This study has been conducted on the knee joints of the New Zealand rabbits. A total of 20 knee joints from 10 (five female, five male) adult New Zealand rabbits were studied in the study. Fourteen ligaments and four sesamoid bones including the patellar bone, the infrapatellar adipose body, and the suprapatellar cartilage specifically present in rabbits were grossly observed. The caudal meniscotibial ligaments of the lateral meniscus were noted to be lacking in these rabbits. Moreover, the medial collateral ligament did not have a capsular character in nature. Thus, adipose tissue was determined at a point where the suprapatellar cartilage and patella fused.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Collateral ligaments of the distal sesamoid bone in the digit of Equus: re-evaluating midstance function.

The distal forelimb of the horse has a complex array of ligaments that play a critical role in determining function of the digit and are often associated with the initiation of foot pathologies. The collateral ligaments of the distal sesamoid bone (CLDS) play an important role in digit stabilization near the end of foot contact and there is also limited evidence to suggest that the CLDS stabilize the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ) during weight bearing. By virtue of their anatomical attachments where the ligaments pass dorsal to the axis of rotation of the PIPJ, it is reasonable to assume that the CLDS prevent flexion of the PIPJ during weight bearing or midstance in a moving horse. To test this functional hypothesis, forelimb specimens from three mixed-breed horses were loaded in compression in a materials testing frame. Limb loading was applied with the CLDS intact and following transection. Average PIPJ angle and metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) angle at maximum load (approximately 3000 N) were calculated from angular changes of proximal and middle phalanges and the third metacarpal, which were compared between intact and transected trials. PIPJ angles were found to be the same (175 degrees) at maximum load for intact and transected trials. The proximal and middle phalanges rotated together remaining aligned, regardless of the CLDS condition. Contrary to expectation, however, the combined proximal and middle phalanges unit rotates less relative to the third metacarpal under load after transection, indicating less digit extension at the metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint without the influence of CLDS. Since the mechanical properties of the fetlock joint are unchanged by CLDS transection, observed proximal and middle phalanx motion is dependent on increased rotation of the distal phalanx after transection. The original hypothesis was not supported and the results suggest that at midstance the CLDS function primarily to stabilize the articulation of the middle phalanx about the distal phalanx to limit distal interphalangeal joint extension during weight bearing. Establishing the functional role of the CLDS may help to better understand the biomechanical consequences of ligament injuries and diseases of the pastern.

Animals↗