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PubMed1977

Staphylococcal infections.

All the forms of staphylococcal infections require cooperation among microbiologists, immunologists and clinicians. In case of any acute staphylococcus process, the curative tactics is based on an effective chemotherapy sometimes completed by a radical surgical intervention. In case of chronic forms, however, the antibiotics therapy is considered to be problematic. It is the specific immunotherapy by means of specific vaccine with polyvalent action, containing all pathogenetically significant antigens, that is considered by the authors to be a reliable base of the therapy of chronic staphylococcus infections. The specific polyvalent phage lysate is used for local application. It has to be pointed out that this therapy requires a complex curative regimen, i.e. regulation of the deficiency of serum immunoglobulines, administration of antibiotics, amelioration of the tissue trophism of the area concerned, suitable therapy by means of vitamines and diet. If necessary, surgical technique and tactics are an important part of the entire complex curative method.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Antibodies against staphylococcal nuclease--titres of persons with and without staphylococcal infections (author's transl)].

Rabbits were immunized against staphylococcal nuclease by repeated intramuscular injections. After five weeks the peak of the antibody response was reached, after 17 weeks the titres are on the level of the starting point. Persons without staphylococcal infections showed titres between 1:200 and 1:300 (titre of normal). In patients with proved staphylococcal infection the peak of the titres is reached three month post infection. The level of the titre is influenced by the site of infection; deep infections gave higher values than superficial processes. The method of the AStaN-reaction was examined with respect of their reproducibility, clearness, specificity and diagnostic relevance. In proved staphylococcal infections the AStaN-reaction is more often positive than the AStaL-reaction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection of teichoic acid antibodies in children with staphylococcal infections.

The presence of serum antibodies to teichoic acid was evaluated by gel diffusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 14 patients with deep-seated staphylococcal infection, in 5 patients with superficial staphylococcal infections, in 10 patients with Gram-positive infections other than staphylococcal and in 12 age-matched, uninfected patients. Serum samples were obtained on admission and serially each week during hospitalization. Teichoic acid antibodies were detected by gel diffusion in only 5 of 14 patients with deep-seated staphylococcal infections, in 1 of 10 patients with other Gram-positive infections and in none of the other patients. With the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method all patients with deep-seated staphylococcal infections had concentrations of teichoic acid antibodies of 1:1600 or greater, and these titers were significantly larger than those in the other groups of patients. Using a titer of 1:3200 or greater as a diagnostic level in children with deep-seated Staphylococcus aureus infections, the sensitivity was 93% and the specificity was 89%. For all staphylococcal infections the sensitivity was 79% and the specificity was 96%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Interferon inhibition of the development of a staphylococcal infection].

Administration of interferon to mice with staphylococcal infection promoted elimination of the bacteria from their organs, influenced the immunological indices, normalized delayed type hypersensitivity, recovered the capacity of the spleen cells to produce interferon and increased the phagocytic activity of the peritoneal macrophages against the staphylococci. Addition of alpha-interferon to antibiotic therapy of patients with purulent septic infections of staphylococcal etiology markedly increased its efficiency. Improvement of the clinical picture of the disease, normalization of the general biochemical indices of the blood and elimination of the staphylococci from the blood and inflammation foci were observed.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Diagnosis and management of staphylococcal infections of vascular grafts and stents.

Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are the commonest bacterial causes of both vascular graft and stent infections. Infection may occur either from direct implantation or haematogenous spread, and occurs in less than 1% of aortic grafts, 2% to 5% of inguinal grafts, and rarely in stents. Death or amputation is common following these infections despite aggressive treatment. Infection with S. aureus is usually more acute than with coagulase-negative staphylococci but both cause systemic symptoms. Inguinal infections usually cause localized swelling often with a sinus tract, bleeding or distal embolism. Aortic infections commonly present with abdominal discomfort retroperitoneal infection or a mass from a false aneurysm. Stent infections usually cause pain, swelling, erythema and circulation disturbances of the ipsilateral limb. The most useful investigations are blood cultures and computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. These imaging techniques have a high sensitivity and specificity in advanced graft infections but these are considerably lower in low-grade infections. Persistence of perigraft fluid beyond 3 months after surgery is suspicious of infection. Aggressive antimicrobial therapy is an important part of management but surgery is usually required to cure both graft and stent infections. Where the organisms are susceptible, high-dose beta-lactam therapy (e.g. flucloxacillin, dicloxacillin or a first-generation cephalosporin) plus low-dose gentamicin are recommended initially. Some authorities add rifampicin after 3-5 days treatment, but this is controversial. Antimicrobial therapy can be stopped 4-6 weeks after surgery if arterial stump cultures are negative but should be continued long-term, and perhaps indefinitely, if they are positive.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗