PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “STAPHYLOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, GASTROINTESTINAL”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Catheter-related complications in patients receiving home parenteral nutrition.

Twenty-seven patients (22 adults, five adolescents, and one child) were treated with home parenteral nutrition (HPN) for 662 patient-months. A Broviac Silastic right atrial catheter which is tunnelled subcutaneously down the anterior chest wall served as a venous access. Thirty-four catheters were used in 27 patients, and the mean catheter life spans to date for adults and adolescents have been 21 and 14 months, respectively. There were no deaths attributable to the catheters. Infections and damaged external catheter segments were clustered in adult patients, whereas serious mechanical problems occurred in adolescents. Five of 27 patients (19%) experienced septicemia and one patient had two episodes. These six episodes (five of Staphylococcus aureus, one of Candida parapsilosis) in 662 patient-months represented only one case of sepsis every 9.1 patient-years on HPN. The external segments of 12 catheters were damaged and all were repaired in the outpatient setting. Eight of nine major mechanical problems occurred in five adolescents and one child; the most serious being four intravascular displacements, one extravascular displacement with mediastinitis, and a fractured catheter with a retained intravascular catheter segment. Although the HPN catheter is associated with definite risks, there has been a very acceptable incidence of complications resulting in a high benefit-to-risk ratio for HPN.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Postoperative toxic shock syndrome.

In summary, non-menstrual TSS is potentially lethal if overlooked. Postoperative TSS can be particularly difficult to diagnose because patients often present with mild nonspecific, "flu like" symptoms and usually do not have evidence of local wound infection. It is therefore important to have a high suspicion index of occult wound infection complicated by TSS in postoperative patients with fever, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms or hypotension.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Nasopharyngeal decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can reduce PEG peristomal wound infection.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to determine whether nasopharyngeal decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can reduce peristomal wound infection shortly after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) placement. METHODS: Of the 84 hospitalized patients referred for PEG, 72 were enrolled in a one-third observation (Group A) and two-thirds in a randomized trial (Groups B and C). Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from a consecutive series of patients prior to PEG insertion. Based upon these results, they were classified into three groups: Group A, MRSA-negative (n = 24), Group B, MRSA-positive, but not eradicated (n = 24), Group C, MRSA-positive and eradicated with intranasal application of mupirocin, arbekacin inhalation, and oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (n = 24). The standard PEG pull-through insertion technique was performed on all 72 patients. All patients received prophylactic and concomitant antibiotics. Infections at the peristomal site were prospectively evaluated and defined as having at least two of the following conditions: peristomal erythema, induration, and purulent discharge. Bacterial culture using purulent discharge was performed. RESULTS: There was significant difference in the peristomal infection rates among the groups: Group A, 0% (0/0); Group B, 100% (24/24); Group C, 8% (2/24) (p < or = 0.0001). In Group C, nasopharyngeal decolonization of MRSA, which was achieved by the combination of intranasal mupirocin, arbekacin inhalation, and oral sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim in all 24 patients, significantly reduced peristomal infections. Eighteen (16 in Group B and 2 in Group C) of these 26 infected patients had cellulitis and developed purulent discharge from which MRSA was isolated. CONCLUSIONS: Nasopharyngeal decolonization of MRSA can reduce peristomal infection shortly after the pull-through PEG insertion. MRSA appears to be a major pathogen in PEG peristomal infection while prophylactic and concomitant antibiotics are being used.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Effects of staphylococcal enterotoxin A on the rat gastrointestinal tract.

Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) was administered orally (15 micrograms) to two groups of rats. A marked immune reaction was evoked in the stomach and proximal small intestine of the first group. The second group of rats was used to study the absorptive fate and sites of action of orally administered SEA, utilizing immunoperoxidase staining. After oral dosing of the second group of rats. SEA-related immunoperoxidase staining was confined to: (i) neutrophils and macrophages, principally in the duodenum, and (ii) glomerular neutrophils and cells of the proximal convoluted tubules. Peroxidase staining of the kidney was noted within 15 min of exposure, indicating that SEA or some major postabsorption antigenic product can promptly pass through an intact gastrointestinal mucous membrane and become renally localized. Intestinal and renal detoxification and removal was indicated by an absence of detectable antigen in rats 180 min postexposure. Neuronal binding of SEA in the gastrointestinal tract was not demonstrable.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Lyell' syndrome: a review with special regard to the form caused by drugs (author's transl)].

The clinical evolution of Lyell' syndrome (LS), its complications, the histological findings, the nosological position and the differentiation from erythema exsudativum multiforme are dealt with. There are at least two etiological forms of LS: the LS caused by staphylococci, and the LS caused by drugs. The former mainly occurs in children, and is caused by staphylococci of the phagous group II, while the latter is mainly caused by sulfonamides, pyrazolones, penicillines, barbiturates and salicylates. The causative responsibility of a certain drug can be proved by three criteria: 1. Relapse of LS after exposure to the same drug. 2. Allergy to the drug taken before the onset of LS. 3. Positive allergy tests. The hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of LS caused by drugs, the differential diagnosis and therapeutical guidelines are dealt with.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factors in the persistence of opportunistic microorganisms in dysbacteriosis of the gastrointestinal tract].

The presence of correlation between the quantitative content of individual carboxylic acids and aromatic compounds of microbial origin in feces and the degree of the antagonistic activity of feces was proved in experiments on conventional laboratory rats receiving therapeutic doses of tetracyclin and pefloxacin for 8 days. Antagonistic activity was regarded as one of the factors of the colonization resistance of the intestine to the invasion of opportunistic microorganisms, and microbial metabolites studied in this work were regarded as factors contributing to the persistence of these microorganisms.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed2006

Secondary hemophagocytic syndrome in a patient with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus bacteremia due to severe decubitus ulcer.

A 51-year-old man with poliomyelitis was admitted to emergency because of a severe decubitus ulcer on his right hip that was associated with infection. His general condition deteriorated and he was malnourished and dehydrated. Despite adequate hyperalimentation and antibiotic administration, laboratory data indicated pancytopenia 4 days later. He was diagnosed as having secondary hemophagocytosis (HPS) associated with methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus sepsis due to decubitus inflammation based on bone marrow aspiration and a blood culture. Although granulocyte colony stimulating factor, packed red blood cell transfusions, platelet transfusions, and antibiotics gradually improved the pancytopenia, the patient died of massive gastrointestinal tract bleeding.

Bacteremia↗
PubMed2005

Frequency and possible infection control implications of gastrointestinal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of health care-associated infections. Multiple factors, including transmission from unrecognized reservoirs of MRSA, are responsible for failure to control the spread of MRSA. We conducted prospective surveillance to determine the frequency of gastrointestinal colonization with MRSA among patients and its possible impact on nosocomial transmission of MRSA. Stool specimens submitted for Clostridium difficile toxin A/B assays were routinely inoculated on colistin-naladixic acid agar plates, and S. aureus was identified by using standard methods. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by growth on oxacillin-salt screening agar. For patients whose stool yielded MRSA, information regarding any previous cultures positive for MRSA or other organisms that would require contact precautions was obtained from the laboratory's computer system. During a 1-year period, 151 (9.8%) of 1,543 patients who had one or more stool specimens screened had MRSA in their stool. Ninety-three (62%) of the 151 patients had no previous history of MRSA colonization or infection. Of these 93, 75 were inpatients. Sixty (80%) of the 75 inpatients with no previous history of MRSA were not under "contact precautions." The 60 patients would have spent an estimated total of 267 days without being placed under contact precautions if their positive stool cultures had not resulted in their being isolated. Placing patients under contact precautions based on their positive stool cultures prevented an estimated 35 episodes of MRSA transmission. We conclude that gastrointestinal colonization with MRSA may serve as an unrecognized reservoir from which transmission of MRSA may occur in health care facilities.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Screening for infectious foci in breast cancer patients prior to high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation.

UNLABELLED: Cancer patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) followed by peripheral stem cell transplantation are at risk for infections during neutropenia. Our standard policy was to screen for potential infectious foci prior to HDC. Screening for infectious foci consisted of chest and sinus roentgenograms and a visit to the ear-nose-throat surgeon (ENT surgeon) and the dentist. The purpose of this study was to evaluate this approach. Between 1993 and 2000, 73 breast cancer patients received HDC. RESULTS: All chest roentgenograms were normal. ENT screening yielded in three (symptomatic) patients a potential infectious focus. In 32 patients (44%) a potential dental infectious focus was diagnosed and treated. During neutropenia after HDC clinical infections occurred in 15 patients (21%). In only 5 patients (7%) the infection focus was probably the upper respiratory tract. CONCLUSION: Potential ENT infectious foci were infrequent and all were symptomatic. Potential dental infectious foci were seen quite often; whether they would have had clinical impact if left untreated remains speculative.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Aerobes isolated in fecal microflora of infants in the intensive care nursery: relationship to human milk use and systemic sepsis.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of nosocomial sepsis in the intensive care nursery. The relationship between rates of gastrointestinal colonization and the incidence of systemic sepsis with S. epidermidis in hospitalized neonates is under investigation. METHODS: In this study, we enrolled 46 infants consecutively admitted to the intensive care nursery (mean +/- standard deviation, birth weight 1300 +/- 337 gm, gestational age 29.4 +/- 2.2 weeks). At the time of enrollment, infants had been fed enterally for at least 1 week (28 were fed formula and 18 received their own mothers' frozen milk). Stool samples were collected when infants were 2 to 3 weeks of age (16.3 +/- 7.4 days). RESULTS: Aerobic stool flora were present in 65% of all patients. Human milk use was associated with a significant increase in the presence of aerobic stool flora (78% vs 46%, p = 0.035), as well as more frequent isolation of S. epidermidis. The incidence of S. epidermidis sepsis was 33% in those infants whose stool specimens grew S. epidermidis and 3.5% in those whose stool specimens did not (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest the gastrointestinal tract as a possible site of entry for S. epidermidis in the hospitalized preterm infant. In addition, frozen human milk may be a vehicle for gastrointestinal S. epidermidis colonization.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Fatal staphylococcal sepsis in Crohn's disease after infliximab.

We report a case of a 40-year-old woman who had received infliximab for perianal Crohn's disease. After six infusions of infliximab, the patient developed staphylococcal pneumonia resulting in fatal adult respiratory distress syndrome. The case is discussed in the context of the toxicity profile of infliximab.

Adolescent↗