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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

In-vitro studies of gallstone dissolution: the effect of added heparin in bile salt solutions.

The dissolving effect of four bile salt solutions (sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium deoxycholate and sodium chenodeoxycholate) upon gallstones was tested in an in-vitro preparation, using 226 stones from 38 patients. The effect of each solution was measured by recording weight loss in the gallstone at the end of a ten-day period of immersion in the bile salt solution. Sodium deoxycholate and sodium chenodeoxycholate produced the greatest average weight loss in the groups of stones tested with pure bile salt solutions, but the addition of heparin to solutions of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate produced a significant increase in weight loss in these solutions. This effect of heparin in the presence of bile salts, in comparison with the failure of heparinized saline to induce weight loss in gallstones, is discussed. Sodium chenodeoxycholate cannot be recommended for clinical use on the grounds of its toxicity, and in view of the possible toxicity of sodium deoxycholate it is concluded that a combination of sodium cholate with heparin is the optimum solution for the dissolution of retained intraduct calculi in vivo.

Bile Acids and Salts↗
PubMed2006

Enhancing effect of surfactants on fexofenadine.HCl transport across the human nasal epithelial cell monolayer.

The effect of various surfactants (sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, Tween 80 and Poloxamer F68) on enhancing the transepithelial permeability of fexofenadine.HCl was evaluated in a human nasal epithelial cell monolayer model. The cytotoxicity of the surfactants on the human nasal epithelial cells was evaluated by the MTT assay. A dose-dependent reduction of cell viability was observed at higher than critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactants, and the IC50 of non-ionic surfactants (Tween 80 and Poloxamer F68) was higher than that of ionic surfactants (sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate). The TEER values significantly decreased after 2 h incubation with the ionic surfactants, but were recovered after 24 h in the fresh culture media. Ionic surfactants significantly increased the transepithelial permeability (P(app)) of fexofenadine.HCl compared to the non-ionic surfactants. The reduction of TEER values upon exposing the cell monolayer to the surfactants for 2 h correlated well with the P(app) of fexofenadine.HCl, which suggests that the permeation-enhancing mechanism of the ionic surfactants is by altering the tight junction property of the paracellular pathway. F-actin staining showed that the effect of ionic surfactants on the tight junction is temporary and reversible, which is consistent with the TEER value recovery within 24 h. These results imply that ionic surfactants are potentially useful permeation enhancers for nasal delivery of hydrophilic compounds, such as fexofenadine.HCl. This study also indicated the usefulness of the human nasal epithelial cell monolayer model not only for evaluating the in vitro nasal drug transport but also for studying the mechanism and toxicity of enhancers.

Cell Membrane Permeability↗
PubMed1989

Water-induced precipitation of cholesterol dissolved in organic solvents in the absence and presence of surfactants and salts.

The precipitation of cholesterol dissolved in organic solvents, viz. methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, acetone and 1,4-dioxane, by the addition of water has been studied. The effects of the solvents towards the precipitation follow the order: methanol greater than ethanol greater than acetone greater than dioxane greater than n-propanol greater than iso-propanol, the solvent dioxane however exhibits a change in the order at higher concentration. Additives like Triton X-100, sodium cholate, sodium deoxycholate, sodium dehydro cholate, sodium salicylate and sodium chloride have some protective action against precipitation, the maximum protection being that of Triton X-100. The additives have shown better protective action in propanols and dioxane than in methanol, ethanol and acetone. Analysis of solvent composition and dielectric constant has revealed specific solvent effects on the water-induced precipitation of cholesterol. Thermodynamic analysis of the precipitation phenomenon and the unique role of solvent structure on cholesterol precipitation has been discussed.

Bile Acids and Salts↗