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PubMed1996

[Nutritional status in patients with stroke. Diagnosis, therapy and its monitoring].

Stroke (Ischemic) initiates numerous pathophysiological processes and each of them can be dangerous. When evaluating patient's state and choosing therapeutical strategy, a complexity of the followed-up parameters should be taken into account as well as a complexity of a given therapeutical approach. On the basis of literary data and acquired clinical experience, we developed our own algorithm for diagnosis of the nutritional state and it was implemented into a semi-expert computing system SOFT. Using SOFT program, the group of 23 patients with ischemic CMP was examined within 40 hrs after its origin. These patients were found to show a slight protein catabolism and nutritional stress (aminograms, stress index, nutritional percentage of complications, nitrogen balance, CRP, prealbumin). necessity of an early diagnosis of nutritional deficiency and disorders of protein metabolism in STROKE patients is discussed. The paper reports on means of enteral nutrition prepared in the Hospital in Sternberk which appeared to be highly favorable. The aspects of administration of parenteral nutrition are discussed.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1998

Changes in the arteriolar volume pulse of the finger during various degrees of tilt using near infra-red and red photoplethysmography.

1. Photoplethysmography is a widely used non invasive technique for the measurement of peripheral oxygen saturation. A more detailed analysis of the volume pulse (VP) can indicate alterations in peripheral vascular tone, due to sympathetic stimulation, stress, pain and temperature. - 2. In six healthy male volunteers we investigated changes in the VP resulting from vasoconstriction and vasodilatation induced by varies degrees of tilt. Subjects were subjected 0 degrees tilt followed by head down -8 degrees -15 degrees, -30 degrees -15 degrees, -8 degrees, 0 degrees, 15 degrees, 30 degrees , 70 degrees, 30 degrees, 15 degrees and 0 degrees. Each tilt stage was sustained for 15 minutes. Both VP - and haemodynamic changes were continuously recorded 30s before and then for 210 s after the imposition of each tilt step. We used a new computer driven soft and hardware for the analysis of the VP. 3. The VP signal was obtained with a sensor emitting 840 nm (NIR) and 640 nm (RED) light into finger tip with a sample rate of 128 Hz. All data was normalised to the initial mean value obtained at 0 degrees tilt. The signal strength parameters amplitude, and area under the curve and the first derivative of the amplitude (flux) as well as time discrete parameters, time of first maximum (Tmax), dicrote wave (Td), volume pulse decrease (Tdec) and fundamental arterial oscillation Tag = Td - Tmax were measured. 4. HR increased significantly during 30 degrees and 70 degrees tilt, but no change in the other hemodynamic parameters was observed. Amplitude, area under the curve and flux of both the Red and the NIR signal increased following head down tilt. A significant decrease of those parameters was found during foot down tilt. 5. No significant changes were found in the time discrete values, neither within each tilt step nor when compared to the initial mean value at 0 degrees tilt. 6. This study reveals that signal strength related parameters such as area under the curve, amplitude and flux reflect changes in vascular tone. Time discrete parameters however did not depict these changes and appear unsuitable for data analysis when using this specific hardware applied in the current study.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Personal experience in the diagnosis and monitoring of therapy in metabolic disorders with risk of crystallization in patients with recurrent urolithiasis].

A ten-year experience with diagnosis and therapy of metabolic abnormalities and crystallization risks in patients with recurrent urolithiasis is presented. Since 1985, more than 900 persons with recurrent urolithiasis have been examined at the Metabolic Centre of the Hospital in Sternberk. The patients were examined routinely at ambulance or during hospitalization; the examination consisted of repeated urine and blood collections after the diet with various content of calcium and salt. All initial data (case history, physical finding, biochemistry, radiodiagnostics) were processed by a semi-expert computing program SOFT which was also used for monitoring of the therapy. Then the patients were divided into individual risk groups (Pak). Of all probands, the group of 130 patients (satisfying the strict criteria of the study) was selected and the data obtained was processed statistically. The group of 130 patients with recurrent urolithiasis (all of them were drug-treated) was compared to the group of 50 individuals with urolithiasis treated by diet and regimen measures. The patients given drugs showed a significantly increased crystallization inhibitors concentration in urine and reduced crystallization promotors, or relative saturation of some lithiatic substances. The paper analyzes the effect of the mostly administered drugs on crystallization risks and some less known "metabolic" indications of application of some drugs are recommended. It is concluded that the dietary, drinking and regime measures are basic for a good therapy of patients with urolithiasis, but patients with recurrent urolithiasis should be applied a selective metaphylaxis of drugs after routine metabolic examination. This finding is supported by a low number of recurrent urolithiasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Detection of soft-tissue foreign bodies by plain radiography, xerography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography.

Detection of a soft-tissue foreign body is common yet often difficult, particularly when the foreign material is not radiopaque. Various imaging modalities have been advocated for detecting foreign bodies that are not revealed by plain radiography. The abilities of plain radiography, xerography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography to detect glass, wooden, and plastic foreign bodies in an in vitro preparation are compared. While all of these imaging techniques demonstrated a glass foreign body, only ultrasonography clearly identified wooden and plastic foreign bodies.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Computed tomography in the diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms of the trunk and extremities].

Analysis of CT data on 213 patients with soft tissue and trunk tumors has shown that a majority of malignant and benign tumors have a similar picture (except lipoma). Features of the contours of a tumor and its inner structure do not permit the assessment of its nature. The only significant differential-diagnostic sign of malignant soft tissue tumors is destruction of an adjacent bone, noted in 17.6%. The majority of malignant and benign soft tissue tumors (70.9%) on CT scans look like a single node; recurrent tumors look multinodular (78.2%). Verification of soft tissue tumors, revealed by CT, should be done using morphological methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

A study of the accuracy of predicted soft tissue changes produced by a computer software package (COG 3.4) in a series of patients treated by the Le Fort I osteotomy.

This study was performed to compare soft tissue movements resulting from a series of Le Fort I osteotomies with those predicted for the same cases by means of a computerised software package (COG 3.4). The source material consisted of serial lateral cephalometric radiographs for 25 consecutive patients that had received similar Le Fort I osteotomies primarily to correct an antero-posterior skeletal discrepancy. Generally it was found that many of the digitised points on the facial profile were surprisingly well predicted. In addition, the chin and profile changes resulting from mandibular auto-rotation also were reasonably well predicted. However, in a number of cases prediction was less consistent and this was particularly true in the region of the nose and lips. In such instances, initial size, thickness and the existing morphology of the soft tissues appeared to be important factors. The tendency of the software occasionally to 'cross-over' the plots for the upper and lower lip profile made the judgement in this area of predicted profile change difficult in some cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

CT of soft-tissue neoplasms.

The computed tomographic scans (CT) of 84 patients with untreated soft-tissue neoplasms were studied, 75 with primary and nine with secondary lesions. Each scan was evaluated using several criteria: homogeneity and density, presence and type of calcification, presence of bony destruction, involvement of multiple muscle groups, definition of adjacent fat, border definition, and vessel or nerve involvement. CT demonstrated the lesion in all 84 patients and showed excellent anatomic detail in 64 of the 75 patients with primary neoplasms. CT did not differentiate vessel or nerve entrapment from neurovascular structures that were simply applied to the pseudocapsule of the tumor. Blurring of adjacent fat was an infrequent finding, but when it was present, the tumor was malignant. The CT findings were characteristic enough to suggest the histology of the neoplasm in only 13 lesions (nine lipomas, three hemangiomas, one neurofibroma). No malignant neoplasm had CT characteristics specific enough to differentiate it from any other malignant tumor. However, malignant neoplasms could be differentiated from benign neoplasms in 88% of the cases.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1990

The value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of soft-tissue swellings of the hand.

Twenty patients with palpable swellings of the hand were investigated by computed tomography. The results, when compared with the pathological findings, lead us to consider this a technique of considerable value in the assessment of this kind of disease. The importance of angiography and, occasionally of magnetic resonance imaging, are also stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Osteomyelitis--imaging methods and their value].

Various imaging modalities are used in diagnosis of acute and chronic infectious endogenous osteomyelitis and exogenous ostitis. The pathophysiological changes of osteomyelitis/ostitis in the bone and surrounding soft tissue are known. Findings in plain film radiography show these changes only in relatively advanced stages of disease. Hence, plain film radiographs are useful as a basic imaging modality by excluding other differentials and as a follow-up modality under therapy. Ultrasound-using advanced technology--offers diagnostic help in acute osteomyelitis, especially in infants. The various techniques of nuclear medicine show much higher sensitivity for detecting osteomyelitis than plain film radiography, but do not permit good separation for bone involvement and infectious changes in the surrounding soft tissue. While computed tomography offers the ability to display bone and soft tissue separately, it has been widely replaced by magnetic resonance imaging using fat-suppressed sequences and paramagnetic contrast media which show the spread of the infectious changes with higher sensitivity and accuracy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[A comparison between echography and computed tomography in assessing neoplastic recurrences in superficial soft tissues].

Thirty-seven superficial soft-tissue recurrences were evaluated with ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) to assess the correct diagnostic approach. US and CT examinations were performed at the same time. High-frequency US probes and a third-generation CT scanner were employed; all the lesions underwent also histology or cytology. US correctly identified as recurrences or fibrous tissue all the 37 lesions, whereas CT diagnosed 30 lesions only. Seven of the 14 recurrences < 2 cm diameter were not demonstrated. In conclusion, US provides more reliable information than CT relative to small lesions, which suggests that US must be performed just after therapy. Nevertheless, when bone involvement is suspected, CT is required and its use is also suggested to monitor distant metastases.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1979

Computed tomography evaluation of fatty tumors of the somatic soft tissues: clinical utility and radiologic-pathologic correlation.

The role of computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation of fatty tumors of the somatic soft tissues was investigated. Six surgically proven cases of fatty tumors were studied preoperatively by CT and standard radiographic means--conventional radiographs, xeroradiography, and angiography. Our case material included a simple lipoma, two infiltrative lipomas, an angiolipoma, and two liposarcomas. The radiologic-pathologic correlation was evaluated with respect to the various imaging modalities. The unique tissue characteristics of fatty tumors makes them particularly adaptable to CT scanning. In addition to its ability to define accurately tissue densities, the facility of CT in depicting depth, size, and extent of the lesion in the axial plane was found to be most useful in the preoperative evaluation of our case material.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

Growth of human renal carcinoma in soft agar colony formation assays measured by computer-assisted volume analysis.

Technical methods for assessing the growth and chemotherapy sensitivity of human tumor cells growing in soft-agar culture have been less than ideal. Within the past year, there have been reports of studying the extent of growth of human tumor cells in these cultures by quantitating the change in cumulative volume for the growth units observed. The present report describes the results of computer-assisted volume analysis applied to soft-agar cultures of cells from 74 primary renal cell carcinomas, 14 primary transitional cell carcinomas of the renal pelvis, and four different human renal cell carcinoma xenografts. The extent of growth in vitro observed for cells from freshly excised human renal tumors showed the expected and statistically significant relationship to tumor grade and stage. The renal cell carcinoma xenografts proliferated to a much greater extent in vitro than the cells from freshly excised human renal carcinomas. The fundamental growth limit of 10(9) micron. cumulative growth unit volume per plate was confirmed by this series of experiments. Computer-assisted volume analysis appears to be a useful method to study the growth of freshly excised human renal carcinoma cells in vitro.

Agar↗
PubMed1994

Computer-assisted quantitative description of chromatin pattern in soft tissue tumors of the adult.

The chromatin pattern in Feulgen-stained nuclei from soft tissue tumors was quantitatively described by means of computer-assisted microscope analysis. The morphonuclear parameters described densitometric, run length, and co-occurrence matrix features. The present series of cases, which relied upon archival (ie, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded), tissues, included 19 benign (9 lipomas and 10 leiomyomas) cases, and 49 malignant (31 primitive non-recurrent, 14 primitive locally recurrent, and 4 metastatic) cases. The 31 primitive nonrecurrent cases included 12 liposarcomas, 11 leiomyosarcomas, 4 rhabdomyosarcomas, and 4 malignant fibrohistiocytomas. The results show that the quantitative description of chromatin patterns in Feulgen-stained nuclei made it possible to distinguish between certain benign and malignant soft tissue tumors. However, this was true only when specific histopathologic groups were taken into consideration. Indeed, the lipomas were markedly different from the liposarcomas, whereas the leiomyomas closely resembled the leiomyosarcomas. The quantitative description of the chromatin patterns also made it possible to identify certain clinically aggressive soft tissue tumors. In this context, the authors observed that the chromatin pattern in the cell nuclei from the group of patients whose tumors had recurred less than 10 months after first surgery was significantly more heterogeneous and less condensed than in the cell nuclei from patients whose tumors had recurred more than 10 months after this surgery. In the same manner, the morphonuclear parameters under study made it possible to establish a more marked distinction between the primitive and recurrent soft tissue tumors that developed a metastasis between 3 and 48 months after the diagnosis, and those tumors free of metastasis until 38 months after the diagnosis. The former group exhibited cell nuclei with a chromatin pattern markedly more condensed and heterogeneous than in the case of the cell nuclei belonging to the latter group.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Soft-tissue hemorrhage in hemophiliac patients. Computed tomography and ultrasound study.

Fifty-four hemophiliac patients underwent a total of 94 studies using computed tomography (CT), ultrasound, or both. Not only common bleeding sites such as the iliopsoas muscles but also several unusual sites were encountered: these included the iliac bone, bowel wall, mesentery, rectus abdominis muscle, retroperitoneum, bladder wall, and scrotum. Both modalities gave comparable results, and each was helpful in (a) establishing the diagnosis, (b) evaluating the extent of bleeding and its effect on adjacent organs, and (c) demonstrating regression after treatment.

Abdomen↗