PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Steroid profiling”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Progesterone immunosuppressive levels and luteal steroid profiles in the cycles induced with clomiphene citrate.

Several studies have focused their attention on the possible interferences of the endocrine with the immunity system; these interrelations have been summoned to explain some aspects of the implantation. It has already been demonstrated that progesterone could play an immunosuppressive role, allowing the implantation of allotransplantation. However, the individual plasmatic levels of the substance needed to produce that effect still unknown. With the aim of determining the certain immunosuppressive progesterone levels in women with normal ovulatory function, and in order to determine if the other principal steroids might also have immunosuppressive effects, in 47 women affected by sine causa infertility, treated with 100 mg. die of Clomiphene Citrate (from day 3 to day 7) we evaluated the plasma levels of progesterone, 17-OH-Progesterone and 17 beta-Estradiol. The assays were made on the 7th, 11th and 14th post-ovulation days both in women who conceived (immunosuppressive effect present) and in women who did not achieve pregnancy (immunosuppressive effect absent). The results achieved showed a significant difference only in the progesterone values, while those of the other steroids were not significantly different, indicating thus that progesterone is the main element responsible for the immunosuppressive phenomenon and that the seriated evaluation in the luteal phase of this steroid could be used as a marker of achieved implantation.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed1988

Steroid profiles of the female tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, and correlation with oocyte growth and mouthbrooding behavior.

Plasma levels of progesterone, 17 alpha-OH-progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol-17 beta were measured by radioimmunoassay during the ovarian cycles of two groups of female tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. One group included females that successfully mouthbrooded fry, while the other group consisted of females in which the zygotes were either removed or swallowed within 1 day after spawning. The mouthbrooders had a longer ovarian cycle (about 40 days) and were sampled 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days after spawning. The non-mouthbrooders had an ovarian cycle of about 25 days. They were sampled 3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days after spawning. Initial peaks in levels of testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone occurred later in the cycle of mouthbrooders. The first peak of testosterone and estradiol-17 beta occurred at 15 days after spawning. While estradiol-17 beta levels remained high, testosterone levels fell at 25 days after spawning, and increased again just prior to spawning. In the latter phase of mouthbrooding (15-25 days after spawning), the oocytes in the ovary did not increase in size, and testosterone and estradiol levels were high. During this time, estradiol may have a function other than stimulating vitellogenesis, such as an involvement (with testosterone?) in parental behavior, or protecting the oocytes from atresia. In non-mouthbrooders, testosterone, estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone levels initially peaked at 10 days after spawning, then dropped at 15 days after spawning. At the end of the cycle, testosterone and estradiol-17 beta levels increased again. The drop in estradiol levels is contrary to the profile seen in mouthbrooders. Also in mouthbrooders, progesterone levels did not rise until 25 days after spawning, then decreased and peaked again towards the end of the cycle. 17 alpha-OH-progesterone concentrations were low, with a single peak at 7 days after spawning in non-mouthbrooders, and at 40 days after spawning in mouthbrooders. There appears to be a relationship between the delayed initial peaks of the steroid hormones measured, oocyte growth arrestment, and longer-lived postovulatory follicles in mouthbrooding female tilapia.

17-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone↗
PubMed2004

Steroid profiles of transgenic tobacco expressing an Actinomyces 3-hydroxysteroid oxidase gene.

Previously, we have shown that the expression of a 3-hydroxysteroid-oxidase gene in transgenic tobacco initiated a series of biochemical events leading to the conversion of sterol to stanol. As a result, the plants maintained a diminished sterol pool and a modified relative sterol ratio but demonstrated no observable morphological abnormalities. The maintenance of normal higher plant physiology in the absence of particular sterols or in the presence of modified sterol ratios is controversial. In this report, we present additional biochemical and physiological characteristics of transgenic tobacco expressing an Actinomyces 3-hydroxysteroid-oxidase gene. The total steroid accumulated in the transgenic plants is 6-fold higher than in control plants and consists of sterol, 3-ketosteroid and stanol. The relative abundance of sterols within whole plant and individual organs is grossly altered as ethylated side chain sterols account for 99% of the total sterol pool in the transgenic tobacco. Stigmasterol is readily apparent in all tissues and cholesterol is found at measurable levels in specific organs, while campesterol and sitosterol are detected at trace levels in the transgenic plants. Stanols and 3-ketosteroids accumulate in all tissues and represent 77% of the measurable steroid pool in the transgenic plants. The sum of sterol, the respective 3-ketosteroid plus stanol provide a relative abundance of steroid, which is similar to the abundance of sterol accumulated in control tissue. In vitro photosynthetic electron transport measurements demonstrate altered activity of chloroplasts under a variety of reaction conditions, indicating a link between the modified steroid pool and a modulation of chloroplast membrane function.

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗
PubMed2006

Estrus behavior and fecal steroid profiles in the Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) during natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus.

In this paper the behavior of the Asiatic lion was studied during natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus in relation to fecal estradiol and progesterone concentration. The average length of estrus was 5.4 days and no significant difference was observed between natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus. Vocalization and rolling were the major estrus behavioral activities of Asiatic lions and the frequency of these activities were similar in both natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus and treatment with exogenous gonadotropin did not alter estrus behavioral activities. A significant positive correlation was observed between fecal estradiol and frequency of estrus behavior during natural and gonadotropin-induced estrus. Following gonadotropin treatment estrus could be induced in 69% of animals and these induced animals ovulated following hCG treatment. This study reports for the first time the successful use of the non-invasive fecal steroid assay for monitoring the induction of estrus and ovulation in the Asiatic lion.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Maternal urinary steroid profiles in prenatal diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: first patient series comparing biochemical and molecular studies.

Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by reduced activity of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) reductase, resulting in a decreased level of cholesterol and increased concentrations of 7DHC and 8DHC in body fluids and tissues. Ten pregnancies at 25% risk of SLOS underwent prenatal testing. Diagnostic studies included DHCR7 mutation analysis in chorionic villus samples, amniotic fluid sterol analysis and serial measurements of oestriol (E3), pregnanetriol (PT), 7-dehydropregnanetriol (7DHPT) and 8-dehydroesteriol (8DHE3) concentrations in maternal urine samples obtained between 9 and 20 weeks of gestation. All tests were diagnostic and revealed nine unaffected foetuses (two normal homozygotes and seven DHCR7 heterozygotes) and one affected foetus. In the affected pregnancy, 7DHC and 8DHC in amniotic fluid were 9.87 and 3.7 microg/ml, respectively [reference range (RR) 0.0026 +/- 0.0015 microg/ml and not detectable, respectively] and maternal urinary steroid analyses showed increased ratios of 7DHPT/PT and 8DHE3/E3 of 0.74 and 1.7, respectively (RR 0-0.0147 and 0-0.019). In the heterozygous foetuses, 7DHPT/PT and 8DHE3/E3 ratios did not exceed those found in 48 normal controls. This is the first series of prenatal diagnostic testing for SLOS where non-invasive biochemical testing was performed in tandem with invasive diagnostic testing. We conclude that steroid measurements in maternal urine are a reliable means of prenatal diagnosis for SLOS.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of LH-RH and Des-Gly10[D-Ala6]LH-RH-ethylamide on plasma sex steroid profiles in adult female coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch).

17 beta-Estradiol, testosterone, and 17 alpha, 20 beta dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17 alpha 20 beta P) levels were measured in plasma samples obtained from coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) during the preovulatory period and following the injection of mammalian gonadotropin releasing hormones. Spontaneous reproductive activity was characterized by a rapid decline in plasma 17 beta-estradiol 10 days prior to ovulation and a large increase in plasma 17 alpha 20 beta P 6 days before ovulation. Testosterone levels remained high (greater than 125 ng/ml) throughout the preovulatory period, with a small peak evident 6 days prior to ovulation. Oocyte development was not accelerated in fish injected with mammalian LH-RH, whereas des-Gly10[D-Ala6]LH-RH-ethylamide (LH-RHA DAla6) promoted germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in 10 out of 14 fish within 96 hr. Only LH-RHA DAla6-injected fish which completed GVBD displayed the characteristic steroid changes observed during spontaneous reproductive activity. In LH-RH-injected fish, there was a transient increase in plasma 17 alpha 20 beta P levels which persisted for less than 24 hr. LH-RHA DAla6-injected fish which failed to complete GVBD maintained high 17 alpha 20 beta P levels, but the peak concentrations were lower than those in fish which completed GVBD. These fish also maintained high plasma 17 beta-estradiol levels when compared to fish which completed GVBD. The appearance of high plasma 17 alpha 20 beta P levels during spontaneous and LH-RHA DAla6-induced reproductive activity was coincident with the time of GVBD. This finding was consistent with the view that 17 alpha 20 beta P functions as the maturation-inducing steroid in salmonids. The induction of GVBD using gonadotropin-releasing hormones was related to the elevation of plasma gonadotropin levels for greater than 24 hr [G. Van Der Kraak, H. R. Lin, E. M. Donaldson, H. M. Dye, and G. A. Hunter (1983) Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 49, 470-476] and a decrease in 17 beta-estradiol production.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Seasonal plasma and intraovarian sex steroid profiles, and influence of temperature on gonadotropin stimulation of in vitro estradiol-17 beta and progesterone production, in Rana esculenta (Amphibia: Anura).

Seasonal plasma and intraovarian estradiol-17 beta (E) and progesterone (P) fluctuations were studied by specific radioimmunoassay in the frog, Rana esculenta. Moreover, incubations of ovine-luteinizing hormone (oLH)-stimulated ovarian pieces at two different temperatures (15 and 24 degrees) have been carried out in order to evaluate the dependence of E and P output on this exogenous factor. Estradiol showed similar changes in plasma and ovaries, while P profile was better evidenced in the gonads since this hormone fluctuated in plasma, giving pulses of difficult interpretation. A shift from E to P production by the ovary near the ovulatory period (February-March) was noted. In vitro experiments were carried out using approximately equal-sized ovarian fragments containing follicles ranging from 0.7 to 1 mm and classified as early vitellogenic. High temperature induced oLH-stimulated P production within 6 h, while E increased after 24 h concomitantly with a P decline. At 15 degrees the stimulatory effect of oLH was achieved only on E output in the incubation medium after 24 h. In conclusion, our results in the frog, R. esculenta, show that E and P intervene at peak values separately during the annual cycle and that the temperature has an important role in the regulation of the steroid hormone-releasing activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

In vivo effects of oLH and LHRH-analog on sex reversal and plasma sex steroid profiles in the female Monopterus albus.

The effects of ovine-luteinizing hormone (oLH) or a synthetic analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, Des-Gly10[S-Ala6]-LHRH ethylamide acetate salt (LHRH-A), on the female phase of the protogynous Monopterus albus were investigated, and the plasma levels of androstenedione (Ad), testosterone (T), 11-oxotestosterone (KT), 11 beta-hydroxytestosterone (OHT), 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and progesterone were determined. In the postspawning stage, oLH induced precocious sex reversal in the gonad from female to male and increased plasma levels of Ad, T, KT and OHT. However, such oLH effects in M. albus females were slight at the early prespawning stage, and no significant signs of precocious sex reversal were found either in gonadal structure or in plasma hormones as those in postspawning treatment. After LHRH-A treatment of M. albus females in both postspawning and early prespawning stages, the gonadal structure remained "female type" with no sign of proliferation of either Leydig cells or male germ cells. The plasma levels of E2 were greatly increased after the treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Diet and fecal steroid profile in a South Asian population with a low colon-cancer rate.

South Asian immigrants to England and Wales have low mortality from colon cancer and high mortality from coronary heart disease compared with the general population. In a survey of a predominantly Gujarati population in northwest London, both vegetarians and nonvegetarians had similar total dietary fat intake to the native British population but higher dietary fiber intake. Total fecal bile acid and neutral animal sterol concentrations were lower in South Asians than in a native British comparison group. Sixty-two percent of South Asians excreted detectable quantities of free primary bile acids, which were not present in stools from native British subjects. The ratio of fecal coprostanol to total neutral animal sterols was also lower in South Asians. Low risk of colon cancer in this population may be related to reduced microbial activity in the bowel and low levels of tumor-promoting secondary bile acids.

Asia, Southeastern↗
PubMed1997

Plasma steroid profiles in nesting loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in Queensland, Australia: relationship to nesting episode and season.

Plasma levels of four hormones-progesterone (P), testosterone (T), estradiol 17-beta (E2), and corticosterone (B)-were measured in samples taken from nesting female loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) by using specific radioimmunoassays. Samples were taken in an early, middle, or late period during the summer nesting season from females at first, second, third, or > fourth nesting episodes, defined as successive within-season nesting events, at Mon Repos Beach, Queensland, Australia. Data on individual patterns of nesting, collected over the past 20 years by the Queensland Turtle Research Project, and the seasonal nesting data, were analyzed with respect to influences on hormonal profiles. Circulating levels of E2 were mostly undetectable, suggesting either that this estrogen is not produced at this time of nesting, or that, perhaps, another estrogen may be present that is not detected by the specific radioimmunoassay. P, T, and B profiles in the nesting females were associated with the individual turtles' progression through successive nesting episodes, with a marked decline in all three hormones by the last (> 4) nesting episode of the season. Nesting episode accounted for significant changes that were related to season, in that nesting episode and season were significantly correlated. These patterns were observed in the population, when singly sampled at each time period or nesting episode, and in individual females sampled repeatedly over time. Moreover, T and B were highly and significantly correlated in females at all nesting episodes and time periods, and in the singly and repeatedly sampled females. The magnitude of change in T and B over time was also highly and significantly correlated in repeatedly sampled females. Together these results suggest the hypothesis that T and B interact over the period of successive nesting and may be involved in reproductive functions such as the mobilization of reserves for egg production in C. caretta.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Sex steroid profile and plasma vitellogenin during the annual reproductive cycle of the crested newt (Triturus carnifex Laur.).

The annual reproductive cycle of the crested newt, Triturus carnifex, has been studied in the field. Temperatures, rainfall, humidity, and photoperiod were recorded throughout the year. Adult male and female newts were sampled monthly; snout vent lengths, crest heights of males, and body ovarian, oviducal, testicular, and abdominal gland weights were recorded. Plasma samples were assayed for androgen, estradiol-17 beta, and progesterone by radioimmunoassay and for vitellogenin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Air, deep water, water surface, and soil temperatures were low from October to March, but increased in April and May without consistent summer variations. Ovarian and oviducal weights increased in October to reach maximum values between January and March (reproductive period). Crest height and abdominal gland weight in males mirrored the ovarian and oviducal pattern, while testicular weights were maximal in October and November. In females, plasma androgens were high during the reproductive period, and plasma estradiol peaked sharply in March, while plasma progesterone changed little. In the males plasma androgen and estradiol concentrations were similar to those of females, while plasma progesterone was significantly correlated with the cycle in testicular weight. In both sexes androgens showed a significantly negative correlation with air and water surface temperature. Plasma vitellogenin peaked in March but it did not correlate with either ovarian weight or plasma estradiol concentrations. These data support and confirm those previously reported for newts under laboratory conditions. The negative correlation between androgens and temperature suggests that this hormone may trigger the reproductive process. Moreover the correlations between plasma progesterone and testicular weight may indicate that this hormone is involved in male newts reproduction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Androgens↗
PubMed2001

Peripartum sex steroid profiles and endocrine correlates of postpartum maternal behavior in captive gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).

An association between pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone and maternal behavior has been demonstrated in several taxonomic orders of nonprimate and primate mammals, but has not so far been investigated in the gorilla. In this study we investigated whether prepartum titers of urinary estrone conjugates (E1C) or pregnanediol-3alpha-glucuronide (PdG) were related to postpartum maternal behavior in eight multiparous Western lowland gorilla females (Gorilla gorilla gorilla) housed in four zoological gardens. Urine samples were collected from each study animal for 14 days prepartum and 14 days postpartum, and measures of maternal responsiveness were scored during the first 15 days postpartum. Urine samples were assayed with radioimmunoassay for E1C and PdG. Results for the peripartum profiles of urinary E1C, as well as postpartum profiles of PdG, agree with previous findings for the gorilla, while results for late-pregnancy profiles of urinary PdG were inconclusive in confirming a prepartum increase or decrease. Neither prepartum levels of E1C or PdG, nor the E1C/PdG ratio were found to be related to measures of postpartum maternal behavior. This lack of association between late-pregnancy E1C titers per se and postpartum maternal behavior is contrary to findings in nonprimate and other primate species.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Optimizing the extraction and analysis of DHEA sulfate, corticosteroids and androgens in urine: application to a study of the influence of corticosteroid intake on urinary steroid profiles.

A method of detecting and quantifying dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfate, corticosteroids, and androgens has been developed. All of the compounds were first extracted from urine using solid phase extraction (SPE), enzymatically hydrolyzed, and separated into three samples using a second SPE. A DHEA sulfate sample was acetylated and re-extracted using SPE for purification before analysis. Corticosteroid samples were oxidized and re-extracted using liquid/liquid extraction for analysis. Androgen samples were acetylated and re-extracted using SPE prior to analysis. The extraction and analysis methods were investigated and optimized. Analyses were performed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID). The entire procedure was then applied to the study of urine profiles of healthy volunteers and patients treated with corticosteroids. The results showed that the quantities of androgens found in patient urines were lower than in those of healthy volunteers. In addition, other metabolites were detected in patient urines.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗