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The MacArthur Foundation Depression Education Program for Primary Care Physicians: background and rationale.

In order to improve the assessment and management of depression in general medical care, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation supported the development, evaluation, and dissemination of an eight-hour depression education program (DEP) for primary care physicians. This publication includes a paper describing the background and educational rationale for the program structure, the complete participant's workbook, and a facilitator's guide for teaching the program. Given in two separate four-hour workshops by a psychiatrist and a primary care physician, DEP is delivered to small groups of learners (about 12) using an interactive adult learning model and multiple teaching techniques including targeted yet flexible objectives, two lectures, videotape demonstration and discussion, role-play exercises, a focused monograph on depression, an interview checklist, structured assessment and outcomes tools, clinical case studies, and audiotape review of actual patient interviews. DEP has been shown in a prospective randomized trial to improve physicians' interview-ing skills as well as simulated-patient satisfaction scores. Over 150 PCPs in four states have taken DEP in more than 30 separate programs given by 24 trained facilitators. Participants, despite a wide diversity of background knowledge and skills, have uniformly reported remarkably positive learner satisfaction with all dimensions of the Program.

Depression↗
PubMed2000

John Quincy Adams's rhetorical crusade for astronomy.

Astronomy thrived in Europe during the early nineteenth century, but in the United States a utilitarian mind-set opposed it. John Quincy Adams's oratory in support of American astronomical discovery reached its peak during congressional debate over the Smithsonian Institution (1838-1846). During this debate Adams countered proposals to found a university with plans for an observatory. His addresses to congressional and public audiences about observatories and astronomy were intended to foster interest in the science and encourage the growing astronomical community in America. Although the U.S. Naval Observatory in Washington, D.C., was established before the Smithsonian debate ended, many considered Adams its political father. Adams composed his speeches on astronomy in a systematic manner, following neoclassical principles of rhetoric that he had taught at Harvard University. His speeches both in and outside of Congress show evidence of the rhetorical principles he conscientiously used in the service of astronomy.

Astronomy↗
PubMed2006

Süleymaniye Külliyesi: a historically important medical, scientific, and cultural center.

SCIENCE HAS MANY Western and Eastern historical roots. All of these contributed to the body of academic literature. One of the most important aspects of scientific progress is educational institutions, including hospitals, schools, and libraries. Some of these institutions may offer an identity for a city, as well as contribute to its development. Süleymaniye Külliyesi is one such institution. Süleymaniye Külliyesi, established in the 16th century, contains many centers, including a mosque, surrounded by a hospital, school of medicine, central pharmacy, and library. It once served both the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic. The school of medicine of this complex was the first school of medicine in the Ottoman period that functioned in coordination with the hospital and central pharmacy. The library contains many rare books and manuscripts. Currently, it is one of the richest centers in the field of oriental studies. We conclude that Süleymaniye Külliyesi, with its health-related elements and library, contributed to the development and progress of science and deserves to be cited in the literature of the Western world.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2003

Preliminary suggested readings in forensic psychology.

ABBP Diplomates in forensic psychology were surveyed to identify lists of "suggested readings" for their field. The return rate was 28% of 162 total Diplomates. Four of 117 books and five of 56 journals met the inclusion criterion of being endorsed by > or = 25% of the respondents. The present survey provides a preliminary reading guide for undergraduate and graduate students.

Criminal Law↗
PubMed1987

The literature of American internal medicine: a historical view.

The literature of medicine is shaped by social and intellectual forces as well as by scientific discoveries. In America, the literature of internal medicine evolved gradually in response to changes in the structure and philosophy of medical education and the growing emphasis on research during the past century. When careers in medical education and research became possible through philanthropic and government support, Americans became more productive in research. As academic advancement came to depend primarily on publication, the literature of American internal medicine expanded dramatically. The current scope and character of the medical literature also reflect the persistent trend toward specialization and subspecialization that began more than a century ago. Although medical journals have been the most important medium for the publication of new medical knowledge for nearly 200 years, recent dramatic advances in the technology of information storage and transfer promise to undermine their primacy.

Encyclopedias as Topic↗
PubMed1993

Retailing research: increasing the role of evidence in clinical services for childbirth.

A current review of the structures and assumptions of research transfer for clinical care reveals some progress from "passive diffusion" to "active dissemination" models, but little or no progress has been made toward targeting local influences on practitioner behavior for "coordinated implementation" of clinically relevant research into childbirth (or other) medical practices. The implementation of scientifically valid research syntheses, such as Effective Care in Pregnancy and Childbirth (ECPC), is therefore constrained by a poorly developed marketplace for retailing research information to practitioners. A survey in Canada of the four most significant potential retailing groups demonstrated that whereas clinical and community groups were adopting the necessary knowledge and attitudes, public policy makers and administrators trailed well behind them. To increase the probability of thorough retailing of ECPC, a three-phase plan could be instituted that would identify product champions within potential retailing groups, develop implementation activities for each retailing group, and convene annual conferences.

Canada↗
PubMed1999

Assessing research in the history of sociology and anthropology.

This paper reviews recent interpretive trends among historians of anthropology and sociology, examining both introductory texts and scholarly studies. It focuses on works published over the last ten years, and stresses that there has been no resolution of the long-standing conflict between "presentist" and "historicist" approaches to the history of the human sciences.

Anthropology↗