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Results for “Tooth Wear”

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PubMed1994

The distribution and severity of tooth wear and the relationship between erosion and dietary constituents in a group of children.

There is very little published information on the severity of tooth wear in children. The current investigation involved clinical examination of 101 children and an assessment of their dietary habits. Evidence of tooth wear was found in over 80% of maxillary incisor teeth, and 30% of primary molar teeth had some dentine exposed. There were 21 children who were regarded as having 'mild' erosion, 45 'moderate' erosion and 35 'severe' erosion. There were highly statistically significant differences between the three groups in relation to drinking habits; the mean number of carbonated drinks consumed per week by children in the 'mild', 'moderate' and 'severe' erosion groups was 3.9, 5.8 and 13.9 respectively, of fruit drinks 10.3, 16.4 and 18.3, and of all fruit-based drinks 17.9, 27.1 and 39.0. There were also highly significant differences in those having a fruit-based drink at bed-time; 14% in the 'mild' erosion group, 32% in the 'moderate' and 60% in the 'severe' group. Although fresh fruit and yoghurt consumption followed the same trend, this did not reveal statistically significant differences. It is important to identify children who exhibit clinical evidence of erosion so that advice can be given about consumption of acidic dietary constituents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Presentation of quantitative tooth wear data to clinicians.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to ascertain the ease of interpretation and usefulness of different modes of presenting quantitative tooth wear data to clinicians. METHOD AND MATERIALS: A questionnaire that sought to ascertain both the ease of interpretation and usefulness of different modes of presentation for monitoring tooth wear was distributed to 67 clinicians. These modes (contour maps, surface topography and difference plots, and color-coded surface difference plots) were a product of ongoing development that used a mathematic algorithm to detect and quantify wear of teeth with time. A follow-up questionnaire, based on a fusion of the desirable features of surface topography and color-coded surface difference plots, was distributed to 40 of the original respondents to ascertain any improvement in clarity. RESULTS: In all respects, contour maps were rated significantly more difficult to interpret and less useful than the other techniques evaluated. No significant difference was detected between the other modalities. The follow-up questionnaire demonstrated a significantly enhanced utility of the revised plot in informing the clinician as to the worn sites and quantity of wear. CONCLUSION: The combined mode of presentation seems an excellent way of presenting wear results to clinicians for clinical application.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed1997

Prior fluoridation in childhood affects dental caries and tooth wear in a south east Queensland population.

Fluoride exposure in early life has an effect on dental caries experience, but does it affect tooth wear in later life? Ninety-six South East Queensland subjects were studied. Their histories revealed three groups; a fluoride (F-) in water supply, a F- by supplement, and a non-fluoridated (non F-) group. Significantly higher caries experience was found in the non-F- group compared with F- in water group and the F- supplement group. No statistically significant difference in caries experience was found between the F- in water and F- supplement groups. Overall, tooth wear affected more sextants of the dentitions of non-fluoridated, high-caries subjects than of fluoridated low-caries subjects. Comparisons of wear patterns on sextants of the dentitions, between the fluoridated and non-fluoridated groups, revealed that in sextants where attrition was present no marked differences were discernible between the two groups. However, in most sextants where incisal, palatal, occlusal or non-occlusal erosion was found, this type of wear was commoner in non-fluoridated subjects. The exceptions were the mandibular molar sextants, where prior fluoride-exposure did not appear to protect against occlusal erosion patterns. This study showed that fluoride exposure during the first 12 years of life, which reduced dental caries in this population, may also protect teeth from wear to some extent.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Relationship between incisal tooth wear and the increasing number of permanent teeth in children and adolescents.

The material presented in this report was derived from a longitudinal study of the development and progress of incisal tooth wear in children and adolescents. The study group was established in 1991/1992 and consisted of 77 participants between 8 and 15 years old. All participants were re-examined in 1994. The interval between the first and second examination was approximately 32 months. Each participant was scored for tooth wear of the anterior teeth of both jaws according to the Incisal wear Index (IwI) and the number of permanent teeth and the tooth types present were recorded at each examination. The results showed that the pattern of incisal wear had been maintained during the observation period. Severity of incisal wear increased as the number of teeth increased. The strength of the relationship between incisal wear and the number of teeth decreased during the observation period. At the same time, the number of teeth and the size of the wear increments were negatively correlated indicating that the rate of wear progression decreased as the number of teeth increased.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Presentation, diagnosis and initial management of patients referred to a hospital tooth wear clinic.

Information on presenting complaints, diagnosis and initial management strategy was recorded on a proforma for 114 consecutive patients referred to a hospital tooth wear clinic over a two-year period. Over twice as many male patients were referred as females. Twenty percent of patients had no presenting complaint and the others shared the common complaints concerning appearance, sensitivity and their deteriorating dentitions. The assessment of aetiology identified attrition as the most common cause of tooth wear in the subject group studied. About half the group were prescribed preventative treatment only and the other half were deemed to require restorative dental treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Analysis of possible factors influencing the occurrence of occlusal tooth wear in a young Saudi population.

The purpose of this study was to attempt to correlate possible etiologic factors with the occurrence of occlusal tooth wear in a young Saudi population. The material comprised 90 individuals with a mean age of 22 years within a range of 19-25 years. A dentition wear index, in addition to anterior and posterior wear subindices were derived from tooth-by-tooth evaluations of casts. Factors found to correlate significantly with increased occlusal wear were bruxism, biting habits such as pen- and nail-biting, use of an indigenous chewing-stick called miswak, and high intake of fruit juices. There was no correlation between subjects from differing geographic and/or climatic habitats and the severity of tooth wear. The common element of a harsh desert terrain may constitute the dominant passive abrasive etiologic factor in the present sample.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

The survival and clinical performance of resin-based composite restorations used to treat localised anterior tooth wear.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the clinical performance of resin-based composite restorations placed at an increased vertical dimension when used to manage localised anterior tooth wear. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of cases treated at a single centre. SETTING: UK Hospital setting in the year 2000. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Two hundred and twenty five restorations placed in 31 subjects were included. Assessment was made following examination of study casts and projected slides. Modified United States Public Health Services criteria were used and data analysed using the software Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS). Survival analysis was carried out at two levels, major failure only and all types of failure. Kaplan-Meier survival plots were produced against different variables and modes of failure were also noted. RESULTS: Major failure requiring replacement of the restoration was uncommon within the first five years. Minor failure requiring repair or refinishing presented mainly as wear, marginal discolouration or marginal fracture. Median survival was 4 years 9 months when all types of failure were considered. The restorations have good appearance and are well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Placement of resin-based composite restorations at an increased vertical dimension to treat localised anterior tooth wear, has good short to medium term survival. The technique is conservative and relatively easy to maintain.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Tooth wear and the position of the mental foramen.

Variation in the position of the mental foramen with respect to the teeth ("apparent" position) seems to be associated with race, but in the determination of this position, factors which affect the disposition of the teeth plainly have a bearing on the results. The apparent position was investigated in a sample of southern Chinese skulls of known age which were classified by the degree of tooth wear. Controlling for "true" position and size of the mandible, a highly significant correlation between wear and position was found, age and tooth size having no significant contribution as additional explanatory variables. The effect of tooth wear on the apparent position of the foramen may partly explain racial variation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

The aetiology and clinical appearance of tooth wear.

This paper highlights the importance of recognising that tooth wear has invariably a multifactorial aetiology, although the clinical appearance may suggest a single contributory factor. Failure to do so may lead to continued loss of tooth tissue and ultimate failure in restorative care. The possible aetiological factors are highlighted and suggestions as to the cause of the increasing problem are discussed.

Beverages↗

PubMed1993

An investigation of some factors associated with occlusal tooth wear in a selected high-wear sample.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of some factors associated with occlusal tooth wear in a selected high-wear Swedish sample. The material comprised 59 persons having a mean age of 35 yr within the range 16-70 yr, the criteria for selection being a full or near-full complement of natural teeth, and the presence of definite clinical signs of occlusal wear. A dentition wear index, in addition to anterior, posterior, and arch subindices, was derived from a tooth-by-tooth evaluation of casts. Factors which were found to correlate significantly with increased occlusal wear were age, sex, self-perception of wear, number of teeth, and general health, as well as a number of variables from study-cast analysis. On the basis of the findings, not only is the multifactorial etiology of occlusal tooth wear a reality, but so, too, is the complex interdependence of these factors in the severity of wear.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Prevalence of erosive tooth wear and associated risk factors in 2-7-year-old German kindergarten children.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to (1) investigate prevalence and severity of erosive tooth wear among kindergarten children and (2) determine the relationship between dental erosion and dietary intake, oral hygiene behaviour, systemic diseases and salivary concentration of calcium and phosphate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 463 children (2-7 years old) from 21 kindergartens were examined under standardized conditions by a calibrated examiner. Dental erosion of primary and permanent teeth was recorded using a scoring system based on O'Sullivan Index [Eur J Paediatr Dent 2 (2000) 69]. Data on the rate and frequency of dietary intake, systemic diseases and oral hygiene behaviour were obtained from a questionnaire completed by the parents. Unstimulated saliva samples of 355 children were analysed for calcium and phosphate concentration by colorimetric assessment. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data. RESULTS: Prevalence of erosion amounted to 32% and increased with increasing age of the children. Dentine erosion affecting at least one tooth could be observed in 13.2% of the children. The most affected teeth were the primary maxillary first and second incisors (15.5-25%) followed by the canines (10.5-12%) and molars (1-5%). Erosions on primary mandibular teeth were as follows: incisors: 1.5-3%, canines: 5.5-6% and molars: 3.5-5%. Erosions of the primary first and second molars were mostly seen on the occlusal surfaces (75.9%) involving enamel or enamel-dentine but not the pulp. In primary first and second incisors and canines, erosive lesions were often located incisally (51.2%) or affected multiple surfaces (28.9%). None of the permanent incisors (n = 93) or first molars (n=139) showed signs of erosion. Dietary factors, oral hygiene behaviour, systemic diseases and salivary calcium and phosphate concentration were not associated with the presence of erosion. CONCLUSIONS: Erosive tooth wear of primary teeth was frequently seen in primary dentition. As several children showed progressive erosion into dentine or exhibited severe erosion affecting many teeth, preventive and therapeutic measures are recommended.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

Erosive tooth wear: diagnosis, risk factors and prevention.

PURPOSE: To provide an overview on diagnosis, risk factors and prevention of erosive tooth wear, which is becoming an increasingly important factor when considering the long- term health of the dentition. RESULTS: Awareness of dental erosion by the public is still not widespread due to the cryptic nature of this slowly progressing condition. Smooth silky-glazed appearance with the absence of perikymata and intact enamel along the gingival margin, with cupping and grooving on occlusal surfaces are some typical signs of enamel erosion. In later stages, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the influences of erosion, attrition or abrasion during a clinical examination. Biological, behavioral and chemical factors all come into play, which over time, may either wear away the tooth surface, or potentially protect it. In order to assess the risk factors, patient should record their dietary intake for a distinct period of time. Based on these analyses, an individually tailored preventive program may be suggested to patients. It may comprise dietary advice, optimization of fluoride regimes, stimulation of salivary flow rate, use of buffering medicaments and particular motivation for non-destructive tooth brushing habits. The frequent use of fluoride gel and fluoride mouthrinse in addition to fluoride toothpaste offers the opportunity to minimize abrasion of tooth substance.

Acids↗

PubMed1988

Tooth wear measurements using a reflex microscope.

The resistance to wear of composite resins is an important feature of their suitability for use as posterior restorative materials. The in vivo clinical evaluation of new materials requires an accurate and reliable method of assessing tooth wear. The purpose of this study was too investigate the possibility of using a new stereometric measuring instrument for this purpose. Tooth wear was experimentally produced on a lead cast. The volume and average depth lost was measured using a reflex microscope. A gravimetric method of wear measurement was used as a control. When the results of both methods were compared it was found that the mean difference in depth of wear measured between the two methods was 10 microns. The reflex microscope appears to be ideally suited to making objective comparisons between the wear characteristics of composite resins.

Humans↗

PubMed2002

The treatment of localised anterior tooth wear with indirect Artglass restorations at an increased occlusal vertical dimension. Results after two years.

This study evaluated the use of indirect palatal veneers placed at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion in patients with advanced localised anterior tooth wear. A total of 75 indirect Artglass palatal veneers were cemented on 12 patients. Patients were reviewed until the posterior occlusion had re-established and then annually. Preliminary follow up at two years showed minor failures had occurred in 13.3% of cases. These were repaired with direct composite or polishing only. Posterior occlusion was restored after a mean duration of nine months in ten cases. Artglass indirect palatal restorations are an effective short-term treatment of localised anterior tooth wear.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Incisal and occlusal tooth wear in children and adolescents in a Swedish population.

The material consisted of 527 randomly selected children and adolescents from the community of Jönköping, Sweden, who in 1983 reached the age of 3, 5, 10, 15, or 20 years. The degree of incisal or occlusal tooth wear was evaluated for each single tooth in accordance with the following criteria: score 0 = no wear or negligible wear of enamel; score 1 = obvious wear of enamel or wear through the enamel to the dentin in single spots; score 2 = wear of the dentin up to one-third of the crown height; and score 3 = wear of the dentin more than one-third of the crown height. In the age groups 3 and 5 years the primary dentition was studied, and in the age groups 10, 15, and 20 years the permanent dentition. In the 3-year-old children 63% and in the 5-year-olds 19% had no or slight incisal or occlusal wear in the primary dentition. In the permanent dentition the corresponding figures for the 10-, 15-, and 20-year-olds were 78%, 51%, and 35%, respectively. The 5-year-olds had the highest percentage of primary teeth with incisal or occlusal wear related to existing teeth in accordance with criteria 1-3 (32.2%), and the 10-year-olds had the lowest score for permanent teeth (2.5%). There were small or no differences in tooth wear between the sexes in these age groups. Eighteen children (17%) among the 5-year-olds had one or more teeth with wear scored 2 in the primary dentition, and one individual had 4 primary teeth scored 3. The corresponding figures for the 3-, 10-, 15-, and 20 year-olds were 2%, 1%, 7% and 6%, respectively. No permanent teeth with wear scored 3 were found in these age groups. The number of teeth with incisal or occlusal wear increased with age both in the primary and in the permanent dentition.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

Prevalence of occlusal tooth wear and its relationship to lateral and protrusive contact schemes in a young adult Indian population.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of occlusal tooth wear and their interrelationships with lateral and protrusive occlusal contact schemes in a young adult Indian population. The material comprised 64 individuals (age: mean = 19 years; range, 17-24 years). Assessment of wear was performed by means of a tooth-by-tooth evaluation of casts. Lateral excursive and protrusive contact relationships were recorded at the clinical examination. There was no difference in the degree of wear between women and men. Mean occlusal wear was low for the population studied compared with similarly aged Scandinavians and Saudis. No differences in the severity of wear were found in relation to lateral excursive and protrusive contact schemes. Whereas the low wear experience in the present Indian sample may be related to dietary factors, more must be understood about the various other causes of occlusal tooth wear before its functional interdependence becomes clear.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Using spectrophotometer technology in the assessment and monitoring of tooth wear.

Using such tools as spectrophotometers and practice performance standards is becoming a more recognized means of acquiring valid information regarding the current oral care status of patients, as well as to help guide and educate them through their prescribed treatment processes. Applying these tools consistently, over the range of patients within a practice, allows the detection of important patterns and problems in the oral health status of individual patients, including patterns of tooth wear. This article demonstrates the manner in which practice performance techniques and assessment instrumentation such as spectrophotometers have empowered one practice to favorably impact patients in the identification and subsequent management of tooth wear.

Dental Enamel↗

PubMed1983

Tooth wear rates among contemporary Australian Aborigines.

Most reports of Aboriginal tooth wear have been descriptive, and few have dealt with the question of wear rate. This study records cusp heights of dental casts taken from individuals during a growth study of Aboriginal children from ages six to 18. Their rates of wear were greater than those of Europeans, and the most rapid rate was recorded among Aboriginal males. These differences are due to the quantity of dietary abrasives.

Adolescent↗