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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Social desirability response set and systematic distortion in the self-report of adult male gender patients.

This study showed that the "socially desirable" presentation for a heterosexual male gender dysphoric is one that emphasizes traits and behaviors characteristic of "classic" transsexualism. Fifty-one homosexual and 64 heterosexual adult male gender patients were administered the Crowne-Marlowe (1964) Social Desirability Scale as well as eight questionnaire measures that tapped various features of the clinical history commonly given great weight in differential diagnosis. The tendency for a heterosexual subject to describe himself in terms of moral excellence or admirable personal qualities was significantly correlated with scores in the "transsexual" direction on all eight sexological measures; for the homosexual subjects, only one correlation was significant. It is argued that the patients most motivated to create a favorable impression on the examiner are likely to be those most anxious to obtain approval for sex reassignment surgery. Because, in this population, the socially desirable presentation is "feminine," it is possible that the differences in the histories produced by transvestites and heterosexual transsexuals are exaggerated to an unknown degree by the motivation of the latter to obtain approval for this operation. The findings do not diminish the important distinction between these groups, but they do suggest caution in interpreting the self-report data that have been used in comparing them.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sex of interviewer, place of interview, and responses of homosexual men to sensitive questions.

Effects of sex of interviewer and place of interview on the responses of 57 AIDS patients and 145 other homosexual men were studied. Data on sensitive topics were collected by five male and three female medical officers at places convenient to respondents. Male physicians recorded fellatio more frequently, but female physicians recorded younger ages of initiating homosexual activities and more frequent use of certain recreational drugs. These differences apparently were due to different patterns of sexual contact and drug use in four cities. Patients with AIDS tended to be interviewed in hospitals and doctors' offices, other men tended to be interviewed in hotel rooms, and patients tended to be different from other men. After adjustments were made for confounding, sex of interviewer and place of interview seemed to have little influence on the answers obtained.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Correlates of sex without serostatus disclosure among a national probability sample of HIV patients.

We examined potential correlates of sex without HIV disclosure within a sample of 875 participants from the HIV Cost and Services Utilization Study. Interviews with each participant assessed sexual activities with up to six recent partners, and this study included both respondent and partnership characteristics. Compared with marriage and/or primary same-sex relationships, occasional partnerships and one-time encounters were associated with sex with disclosure, and shorter relationships were more likely to involve sex without disclosure. Knowledge of partner serostatus was also associated with sex without disclosure. Women were less likely to have sex without disclosure than men having sex with men. We found an association between the perceived duty to disclosure to all partners and sex without disclosure, while we found no association in multivariate analyses between outcome expectancies and sex without disclosure.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Factors associated with client-collateral agreement in substance abuse post-treatment self-reports.

This study examined levels of agreement and directionality of disagreement between the post-treatment self-reports of substance abuse clients and their collaterals. The study population comprised 1252 clients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence whose treatment was publicly funded in Tennessee. Client and collateral responses to 13 questions were analyzed for levels of agreement, revealing the following: (a) levels of client-collateral agreement were high, at least 75% agreement on all 13 questions and at least 88% agreement on 10 variables; (b) a Simple Kappa Test confirmed that 11 out of 13 items had moderate to excellent nonchance agreement; (c) there was no consistent trend in directionality, that is, clients neither reported information more positively nor more negatively than their collaterals did; (d) on average, those collaterals who were spouses, parents, and children agreed more with clients compared to other types of collaterals; and (e) those collaterals who saw the clients more frequently and more recently had higher agreement than those who saw the clients less frequently. This research reaffirms that collaterals are a valuable source for verifying the accuracy of clients' self-reports and that this approach continues to hold considerable promise for substance abuse post-treatment assessment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

HIV-disclosure in the context of vertical transmission: HIV-positive mothers in Johannesburg, South Africa.

HIV-disclosure among childbearing women remains poorly understood, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This paper chronicles disclosure experiences of 31 women attending prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission services in Johannesburg. Data collection entailed repeat in-depth interviews over a nine-month period. Virtually all women (93.5%) had told at least one person (usually a partner), most voluntarily and within a week of the test result. Secondary disclosure was most likely with female family members, through indirect means and involuntary. Confidentiality breach by primary targets likely contributed to the observed high rates of involuntary secondary disclosure and negative secondary disclosure experiences. For most mothers, voluntary disclosure was driven by the desire to ensure adequate infant care and avoid vertical HIV transmission. The impact of disclosure was not always clear-cut. While most primary disclosure experiences were ultimately constructive, secondary disclosure more likely led to rejection, stigmatization and the withholding of financial support. Our data illustrate the influence of social contextual factors on disclosure patterns and impact. For these mothers, socio-cultural norms, the current media and political environment surrounding HIV/AIDS, household composition and social networks and childbearing status shaped disclosure experiences; sometimes constraining disclosure circumstances and sometimes creating a safe space to disclose. Programmatic implications are also discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Methods of HIV disclosure by men who have sex with men to casual sexual partners.

The purpose of this paper is to report results of a qualitative investigation into the methods that HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) use to disclose their serostatus to casual sexual partners. In-depth, qualitative interviews were conducted with 57 HIV-positive adult MSM from a large midwestern city. Using an inductive approach to data analysis, our participants revealed a typology of disclosure consisting of strategies that can be placed into five primary categorizations of disclosure. These include: point-blank disclosure, indirect disclosure, stage setting, buffering, and seeking similars. This information can be especially beneficial to those working with men to develop better disclosure skills.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Don't ask, don't tell: patterns of HIV disclosure among HIV positive men who have sex with men with recent STI practising high risk behaviour in Los Angeles and Seattle.

OBJECTIVES: A high incidence of HIV continues among men who have sex with men (MSM) in industrialised nations and research indicates many MSM do not disclose their HIV status to sex partners. Themes as to why MSM attending sexually transmitted infection (STI) clinics in Los Angeles and Seattle do and do not disclose their HIV status are identified. METHODS: 55 HIV positive MSM (24 in Seattle, 31 in Los Angeles) reporting recent STI or unprotected anal intercourse with a serostatus negative or unknown partner from STI clinics underwent in-depth interviews about their disclosure practices that were tape recorded, transcribed verbatim, coded, and content analysed. RESULTS: HIV disclosure themes fell into a continuum from unlikely to likely. Themes for "unlikely to disclose" were HIV is "nobody's business," being in denial, having a low viral load, fear of rejection, "it's just sex," using drugs, and sex in public places. Themes for "possible disclosure" were type of sex practised and partners asking/disclosing first. Themes for "likely to disclose" were feelings for partner, feeling responsible for partner's health, and fearing arrest. Many reported non-verbal disclosure methods. Some thought partners should ask for HIV status; many assumed if not asked then their partner must be positive. CONCLUSIONS: HIV positive MSM's decision to disclose their HIV status to sex partners is complex, and is influenced by a sense of responsibility to partners, acceptance of being HIV positive, the perceived transmission risk, and the context and meaning of sex. Efforts to promote disclosure will need to address these complex issues.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Living beyond the odds: a psychosocial perspective on long-term survivors of pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease parallels other chronic illnesses in that medical advances are facilitating treatment, and many children infected early in life are living through school age and into adolescence. A medical overview of pediatric HIV, a review of natural history studies, and a recent study of older children provide the basis for a definition of long-term survivors of pediatric HIV infection. The noncategorical approach to examining the common consequences of pediatric chronic illness and a description of unique aspects of HIV disease provide the framework for a discussion of the psychosocial and developmental issues for long-term survivors of pediatric HIV. Clinical case examples from the Children's Hospital AIDS Program are included. This analysis leads to the conclusion that long-term survivors of pediatric HIV, with a few exceptions, are in many ways like their peers with other chronic illness.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seeking disclosure.

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Drug Industry↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Reaching disclosure.

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Decision Making↗