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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

[The recanalization of the chronically occluded infarct vessel in single-vessel coronary disease. The reduction of cardiac events in long-term clinical follow-up].

OBJECTIVE: The prognostic significance of recanalisation of a chronically occluded infarct vessel in single-vessel coronary disease remains controversial, in contrast to early re-opening of the infarct vessel in the acute state of infarction. It was the purpose of this prospective study to discover whether successful recanalisation in the former influences the incidence of cardiac events (death, infarction, by-pass operation) and clinical symptoms in the long term. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Recanalisation procedures were successful in 58, unsuccessful in 41 of 99 patients (81 men, 18 women; mean age 55 [28-79] years) with anterior wall (n = 53) or posterior wall (n = 46) myocardial infarction (AMI and PMI, respectively). The two groups were similar with respect to age, sex, left-ventricular function, indication, exercise capacity and premedication. But the interval between infarction and recanalisation was shorter in the patients who had successful recanalisation (5.1 +/- 5.3 vs 7.8 +/- 7.6 months; P < 0.05). Mean follow-up period for all patients was 55.8 +/- 8.9 months after the recanalisation procedure. RESULTS: There were significantly fewer cardiac events after successful than failed recanalisation, both for the total group of patients (5% vs 23%; P < 0.01) and those with AMI (9 vs 36%; P = 0.012). In the patients with PMI there was only a trend in favour of those with successful recanalisation (0% vs 14%; P = 0.058). Symptomatic improvement was reported by 73% of patients after successful but only 40% after failed recanalisation (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The results provide pointers towards prognostic indications of recanalisation even after chronic occlusion of the infarct vessel. The procedure should therefore be attempted if the occlusion is morphologically suitable.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗

PubMed1998

Visualization of cavitated vessels in winter and refilled vessels in spring in diffuse-porous trees by cryo-scanning electron microscopy

Xylem cavitation in winter and recovery from cavitation in the spring were visualized in two species of diffuse-porous trees, Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara and Salix sachalinensis Fr. Schm., by cryo-scanning electron microscopy after freeze-fixation of living twigs. Water in the vessel lumina of the outer three annual rings of twigs of B. platyphylla var. japonica and of S. sachalinensis gradually disappeared during the period from January to March, an indication that cavitation occurs gradually in these species during the winter. In April, when no leaves had yet expanded, the lumina of most of the vessels of both species were filled with water. Many vessel lumina in twigs of both species were filled with water during the period from the subsequent growth season to the beginning of the next winter. These observations indicate that recovery in spring occurs before the onset of transpiration and that water transport through twigs occurs during the subsequent growing season. We found, moreover, that vessels repeat an annual cycle of winter cavitation and spring recovery from cavitation for several years until irreversible cavitation occurs.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1985

Further evidence of the development of delayed-type autoimmunity against arterial vessel-wall antigens following acute hypertensive damage to arterial vessels in rats.

Acute hypertensive damage to arterial vessels was induced by intravenous injections of hypertension. The in vitro immunological method of the agarose migration technique was used for demonstration of delayed-type autoimmunity against arterial vessel-wall antigens following the damage of the arterial vessels. By means of this technique it was demonstrated that the migration indices from the rats with induced hypertension differed significantly from the control rats, P less than 0.005. This means that an autoimmunity of the delayed type had developed after the hypertensive damage to the arterial vessels. The autoimmunity was tissue specific.

Angiotensin Amide↗

PubMed1993

The effects of photodynamic therapy using differently substituted zinc phthalocyanines on vessel constriction, vessel leakage and tumor response.

The effects of four different zinc phthalocyanines were studied during and after photodynamic therapy (PDT). Measurements of vessel constriction, vessel leakage, tumor interstitial pressure, eicosanoid release, and tumor response of chondrosarcoma were made in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were injected intravenously with 1 mumol/kg of mono-, di-, or tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine, or 1 mumol/kg of a zinc phthalocyanine substituted with four tertiary butyl groups. Tissues were exposed to 400 J/cm2 670 nm light 24 h after photosensitizer injection. An additional group of animals was given indomethacin before treatment. The use of the monosulfonated and tertiary butyl substituted zinc phthalocyanines in PDT caused the release of specific eicosanoids, caused vessel constriction, and induced venule leakage and increases in tumor interstitial pressure. Tumor cures of 27% and 7% were observed. Photodynamic therapy using the disulfonated zinc phthalocyanine did not induce vessel constriction or the release of eicosanoids, however, tumor cure was 43%. The use of the tetrasulfonated zinc phthalocyanine caused intermediate effects between the mono- and disulfonated compounds. The administration of indomethacin to animals completely inhibited the effects of PDT using the monosulfonated compound but had minimal effects on treatment using the disulfonated compound. This suggests that the monosulfonated and disulfonated compounds act by different mechanisms of destruction.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Endogenous basic fibroblast growth factor displaced by heparin from the lumenal surface of human blood vessels is preferentially sequestered by injured regions of the vessel wall.

BACKGROUND: Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the arterial wall in response to local injury is an important factor in vascular proliferative disorders. Among the growth factors that promote SMC proliferation is basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which is characterized by a high affinity for heparin and is associated with heparan sulfate on cell surfaces and extracellular matrices. We investigated whether heparin can displace endogenous active bFGF from the lumenal surface of blood vessels, whether bFGF is preferentially bound to injured blood vessels, and whether a synthetic, polyanionic, heparin-mimicking compound (RG-13577) can prevent sequestration of bFGF by the vessel wall. METHODS AND RESULTS: Injured and noninjured saphenous vein segments were perfused with or without heparin, in the absence or presence of 125I-bFGF and/or RG-13577 (a polymer of 4-hydroxyphenoxy acetic acid). Heparin displaced bFGF from the lumenal surface of the vein, and the released bFGF stimulated proliferation of SMCs. Likewise, systemic administration of heparin during open heart surgery resulted in a marked increase in plasma bFGF levels. Injured veins sequestered 125I-bFGF to a much higher extent than noninjured vein segments, both in the absence and presence of heparin. This sequestration was inhibited by compound RG-13577. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its beneficial effects, heparin may displace active bFGF, which subsequently may be preferentially deposited on injured vessel walls, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of restenosis. This effect may be prevented by a synthetic heparin-mimicking compound.

3T3 Cells↗

PubMed2005

Evaluation of the efficacy of the electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealer (LigaSure) devices in sealing lymphatic vessels.

Various sources of ultrasonic and thermal energy have been developed to facilitate blood vessel ligation. However, their efficacy in sealing lymphatics has not been clearly established to date. We hypothesized that the electrosurgical bipolar vessel sealer (EBVS) produces reliable and durable sealing of large lymphatic vessels in a porcine model. Thoracic ducts from 4 adult pigs were explanted and sealed at multiple levels by using 3 different EBVS devices: LigaSure Atlas, XTD, and V. Fifteen seals (5 per group) were analyzed for sealing time and visual quality. Seal burst strength was measured by using a graduated pressure saline injection system. Twelve intact seals also underwent a histologic analysis. The mean overall burst strength of the seals was 271+/-78 mm Hg (127 to 360 mm Hg). The burst pressures in the 3 groups were not statistically different. The overall mean time to achieve a seal was 5.1+/-2.2 seconds (3 to 10 seconds). Seals were achieved significantly faster in the V group (4.1+/-0.6 seconds) compared with the Atlas (6.3+/-2.3 seconds) and XTD (6.4+/-2.6 seconds) groups. Qualitative seal assessment revealed minimal sticking and charring, a favorable degree of seal tissue clarity, and desiccation in the 3 groups. Histologic analysis demonstrated a fusion of lymphovascular channels with a complete obliteration of the lumens. We demonstrated that the use of EBVS results in a fast and effective sealing of large porcine lymphatic vessels. The seals created by all 3 devices burst at markedly supraphysiologic intraluminal pressures. Ongoing randomized human trials may prove the clinical benefits of the routine use of EBVS devices for various tissue dissections.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Laminin alpha2 chain-positive vessels and epidermal growth factor in lung neuroendocrine carcinoma: a model of a novel cooperative role of laminin-2 and epidermal growth factor in vessel neoplastic invasion and metastasis.

Capillaries expressing the laminin alpha2 chain in basement membranes may be considered early developing vessels in normal and neoplastic human tissues. Therefore, we investigated whether up-regulation of this extracellular matrix protein favors transendothelial migration of neoplastic cells and then metastasis. In lung small and large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, which exhibit a stronger metastatic tendency among carcinomas, laminin alpha2 chain-positive vessels were more numerous than in carcinoid tumors and supraglottis, breast, and lung non-small cell carcinomas, suggesting a direct relationship between these vessels and metastasis. In vitro studies showed that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induced a more efficient migration of the AE-2 lung neuroendocrine carcinoma cell line through the purified laminin alpha2 chain rather than through the laminin beta1 chain and fibronectin. AE-2 cells constitutively expressed all EGF receptors and the alpha6beta1 integrin, which is one of the laminin alpha2 chain receptors. EGF up-regulated alpha6beta1 expression in several tumors. In this regard, we show that EGF increased the chemo-kinetic migration of AE-2 cells through EAHY endothelial monolayers, which was inhibited by the anti-alpha6 integrin chain monoclonal antibody. These data indicate that laminin alpha2 chain and alpha6beta1 may be mutually involved in EGF-dependent migration of AE-2 cells and that laminin alpha2 chain-positive vessels may favor metastasis of EGF-dependent tumors.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2003

New vessel formation after surgical brain injury in the rat's cerebral cortex II. Formation of the blood vessels distal to the surgical injury.

We investigated the features of newly formed blood vessels after surgical brain injury of the rat's cerebral cortex distal to the operated region. We document the process of split mature blood vessels by an endothelial bridge and morphological features of newly formed vessels. We did not observe a disruption of brain parenchyma. The endothelial lining in vessels was complete. The morphological features of the endothelial cells and basement membrane show that non-sprouting angiogenesis takes place distally to the surgical injury.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

A multivariate analysis of blood vessel and lymph vessel invasion as predictors of ovarian and lymph node metastases in patients with cervical carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To the authors' knowledge there are few available data regarding the influence of lymphovascular space invasion, which has been examined separately as two components (lymphatic vessel invasion [LVI] and blood vessel invasion [BVI]), in the metastasis of cervical carcinoma. METHODS: LVI and BVI, which include capillary vessel invasion, were reviewed retrospectively based on the histopathologic slides of 239 women with cervical carcinoma who were treated with radical hysterectomy. The correlation between lymph node and/or ovarian metastases and LVI, BVI, and other histopathologic factors was investigated by multiple logistic regression analysis. The influence of LVI and BVI on survival was examined by Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The rate of incidence of LVI was higher than that of BVI in all stages of cervical carcinoma (P < 0.0001 for International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage IB and Stage II disease and P < 0.05 for Stage III disease). The incidence rate of BVI increased as LVI became more prominent and there was a significant correlation between the two findings (P < 0.0001). BVI was more frequent in adenocarcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma (P < 0.05). LVI (P < 0.0001) and parametrial invasion (P < 0.0001) were significantly related to lymph node metastasis on multivariate analysis. Conversely, BVI (P < 0.05) and parametrial invasion (P < 0.0025), as well as adenocarcinoma or adenosquamous carcinoma (P < 0.0005), were significantly related to ovarian metastasis on multivariate analysis. With regard to the prognostic significance of these components, it was found that BVI (hazards ratio [HR] = 2.0), ovarian metastasis (HR = 6.5), and lymph node metastasis (HR = 5.5) were significantly related to a poor prognosis in women with cervical carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Ovarian metastasis may occur via hematogenous spread of cervical carcinoma. The results of the current study suggest that BVI, including capillary vessels, that is diagnosed separately from LVI using hematoxylin and eosin stained sections may be an important prognostic factor for patients with cervical carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Adenosquamous↗

PubMed1987

[Management of the goat fetus in water using membrane oxygenator by V-A bypass through the cervical vessels--comparison with the A-V bypass method through umbilical vessels].

Fourteen goat fetuses were totally sustained in water by extracorporeal perfusion using a membrane oxygenator. The two groups which underwent perfusion methods may be described as follows: One was an A-V bypass through umbilical vessels which has been reported previously, and the other was a new method, a V-A bypass through cervical vessels. Ten fetuses were perfused by an A-V bypass and the longest survival time was 9 hours. Three fetuses suddenly died shortly after perfusion was started. Four fetuses were perfused by a V-A bypass and the longest survival time was 27 hours. Cardiovascular dynamics were stable from the beginning of perfusion. Autopsy revealed hepatomegaly and bloody ascites in A-V bypassed fetuses but not in the fetuses perfused by a V-A bypass. The A-V bypass through umbilical vessels resembles physiological fetal circulation, and the cannulation technique is not difficult but it needs strict control, especially in the early stages of perfusion. A V-A bypass through cervical vessels doesn't seem to be close to a physiological perfusion for fetuses and the cannulation technique is difficult. But the cardiovascular dynamics are stable, so they are employed for clinical uses in neonatal ECMO. The V-A bypass method seems to be an adequate technique for managing extremely premature fetuses in water.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

[Lymphatic vessels and blood vessels of the lung and of the bronchial anastomosis after autotransplantation--an experimental study].

Changes of the lymph and blood vessels of the lung and of the bronchus anastomosis were investigated in dogs in several times after 180 autotransplantations of a lobe of the lung. The regeneration of the lymph vessels in the lung autograft started 8-14 days after the operation and was concluded 30-60 days after the operation. Afterwards the lymph vessels had the normal structure and there was no difference to the intact lung. The anatomic regeneration of the lymph vessels in the bronchus anastomosis and the lymph drain from the lung autograft started 8-9 days after the operation and was concluded within the first 14 days. The regeneration of the bronchial arterial system began 6-7 days after the autotransplantation and was completed within the first 14 days.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Morphological changes of venous and lymphatic vessels of dog extremities after ligation of major vessels].

Morphological alterations in venous and lymphatic vessels were studied on 38 dogs over time after ligation of the main veins of the hind limb and induction of experimental chronic venous failure. Under these conditions the operated limb developed marked lymphovenous congestion with ectasis and dilatation of blood and lymphatic vessels and capillaries, venous and lymphatic vessels of the limb followed by an increase in the number of the vessels due to high blood content of "reserve" capillaries and small veins in the presence of acute tissue edema. Then the limb developed compensatory-adaptive processes, namely reconstruction of the venous system accompanied by formation of collateral main veins and lymphatic collectors that partially compensated for abnormal venous blood flow. Prolonged impairment of hemocirculation and venous congestion led to anoxia of venous walls, sclerosis, dystrophic, inflammatory and focal sclerotic lesions in the adjacent tissue. This experimental model can be successfully used for solving the problems of the pathogenesis and therapy of chronic venous failure.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Coronary magnetic resonance imaging: visualization of the vessel lumen and the vessel wall and molecular imaging of arteriothrombosis.

Coronary magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has dramatically emerged over the last decade. Technical improvements have enabled reliable visualization of the proximal and midportion of the coronary artery tree for exclusion of significant coronary artery disease. However, current technical developments focus also on direct visualization of the diseased coronary vessel wall and imaging of coronary plaque because plaques without stenoses are typically more vulnerable with higher risk of plaque rupture. Plaque rupture with subsequent thrombosis and vessel occlusion is the main cause of myocardial infarction. Very recently, the first success of molecular imaging in the coronary arteries has been demonstrated using a fibrin-specific contrast agent for selective visualization of coronary thrombosis. This demonstrates in general the high potential of molecular MR imaging in the field of coronary artery disease. In this review, we will address recent technical advances in coronary MR imaging, including visualization of the lumen and the vessel wall and molecular imaging of coronary arteriothrombosis. First results of these new approaches will be discussed.

Coronary Artery Disease↗

PubMed2004

The receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU11248 impedes endothelial cell migration, tubule formation, and blood vessel formation in vivo, but has little effect on existing tumor vessels.

Antiangiogenic agents produce regression in few tumors in clinical trials, but are effective in preventing recurrences. To determine whether the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor is a molecular target to prevent metastatic disease, we utilized a non-specific inhibitor of the VEGF receptor, SU11248. This receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor prevented migration of endothelial cells and markedly attenuated capillary-like tubule formation in endothelial cells in culture. Similarly, this agent prevented blood vessel formation in the tumor vascular window model. VEGF RTK inhibition produced minimal effects on established blood vessels in the tumor vascular window model and little effect on blood flow studied by power Doppler analysis. To determine whether these agents attenuate the development of metastases, Lewis lung carcinoma tumors were resected from the dorsal skin and lung metastases were quantified with and without treatment with SU11248. The RTK inhibitor attenuated the formation of lung metastases following resection of the hind limb tumor. In contrast, these agents did not induce regression of primaries but slowed the progression of tumor growth. These findings suggest that the greatest role for VEGF antagonists may be to prevent the formation of new blood vessels, during and after conventional therapy is given to existing neoplastic disease.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗

PubMed1988

Laminin and type IV collagen in different histological stages of Kaposi's sarcoma and other vascular lesions of blood vessel or lymphatic vessel origin.

Immunohistochemical staining was used to demonstrate basement membrane (BM) laminin and type IV collagen in eight cases of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). These KS were not associated with AIDS and represented different histological stages of the disease: patch (three cases), plaque (one case), and nodule (four cases). Nine cases of benign angiogenic lesions, five of blood vessel origin, and four of lymphatic vessel origin were also studied. An early event in vascular proliferation at the patch stage of KS was an intersection of dermal collagen bundles and the appearance of granular BM material around this space. With the increase of amount and linear arrangement of BM material, well-defined capillaries were formed. Two types of capillary were found in KS lesions. One showed morphological features of blood capillaries, with a round lumen; thick, continuous BM, and occasional pericytes in the wall. The other included irregularly shaped vessels with thin, often disrupted BMs; thus these capillaries morphologically resembled lymphatic capillaries. BM staining also clearly revealed the vascular nature of the nodular lesions of KS, which were composed of a network of slit-like spaces surrounded by BMs. The solid tumor cell areas were sparse; they were composed of spindle-shaped cells surrounded by thin, interrupted basal laminae. By using antibodies against human laminin and human type IV collagen, it was also possible to demonstrate thin, widely disrupted BMs subendothelially in normal dermal lymphatic capillaries. Typically, the BMs in lymphangiomas and lymphangiectasias were continuous and more clearly defined.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Comparison of conduit vessel and resistance vessel reactivity: influence of intimal permeability.

Arterioles of hamster cheek pouches are less reactive to luminal application of small hydrophilic agents than to adventitial application. To explore possible longitudinal variations in response sidedness, we compared reactivity of isolated vessels from carotid arteries to first-order arterioles. Concentration-response curves for luminally or adventitially applied phenylephrine (PE) were constructed. Arterioles were 274-fold less responsive when PE was in luminal vs. adventitial responsiveness decreased as vessel diameters increased, from 24-fold in inferior saccular arteries to 18-fold in external maxillary arteries and, finally, to 3-fold in common carotid arteries. Differences in response to luminal or adventitial application of PE could be eliminated in arterioles by perfusion with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS), which disrupts membrane integrity. Treatment with CHAPS also increased the transmural movement of sodium fluorescein across arteriolar vessel walls. We conclude that a diffusion barrier exists in arterial walls, that there is a longitudinal variation in this barrier as expressed by the differences in movement of small hydrophilic molecules from lumen to smooth muscle cell layers, and that the site of the barrier is likely to be at the endothelial cell membrane.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of the innervation of the lymph-vessel and blood-vessel wall. 1. Adrenergic innervation].

The adrenergic innervation of the lymph vascular wall was studied by means of the Falck fluorescence histochemical tecnique and electron microscopy with Tranzer and Richards' histochemical tecnique. The lymph vessels wall, compared with that of blood vessels, shows very few adrenergic nerve fibers located in the adventitia outside the smooth muscle cells. The possible role of the nervous system in the motor control of the lymph vessels is discussed.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMed1984

[Morphological study on innervation of the cerebrospinal blood vessels. I. Cerebral blood vessels].

The distribution of nerve fibers in the cerebral blood vessels was studied by a catecholamine histofluorescence method, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining and immunohistochemistry. The ultrastructure of the terminal boutons in the vessel wall was also studied. In the adventitia of the cerebral artery, green fluorescence aminergic fibers and brownish AChE-positive (probably cholinergic) fibers were observed. In contrast, the cerebral venous system showed no AChE-positive fibers. The highest density of aminergic fibers were found in the dural sinus and the second highest in the internal cerebral vein. Serotonin immunoreactive nerve fibers were found along small intraparenchymal blood vessels such as perforating arteries in the brain stem, and arterioles and venules in the cerebral cortex. Under ultrastructural observation, a serotonin immunoreactive terminal was demonstrated in conjunction with the basement membrane of the capillary.

Acetylcholinesterase↗