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PubMed1988

Personality traits after prolonged vegetative state. Reflections on "Unexpected Improvement after Prolonged Post-traumatic Vegetative State" by W. Arts, H. van Dongen, J. Meulstee.

The consequences of the trauma on the personality traits of the case described by Arts et al. are analysed. Among the biological factors which favoured the restoration of consciousness, youth, normal pretraumatic personality as well as the location and extent of the brain lesions have been of special importance. The psychopathological changes mainly consisted in an impairment of higher mental functions with intellectual regression, loss of abstraction ability and a severe deficit of recall and memory. The pragmatical and ethical consequences of this case are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Structure and heterogeneity of urban vegetation landscape in Shenyang].

Studies on the structure and heterogeneity of urban vegetation landscape in Shenyang city showed that the most vegetation patches were in the street corner, accounted for more than 50% of the total vegetation patch, and their area was only 4.45% of the total vegetation area. In terms of the size of the patches, the average area of shelter vegetation and park vegetation was 66.97 hm2 and 59.31 hm2, respectively, while that of street corner vegetation and garden vegetation was 0.71 hm2 and 0.38 hm2, respectively. Street corner vegetation had the highest index of landscape diversity, while park vegetation had the lowest one. In the seven districts of Shenyang city, all types of vegetation had a small landscape dominance and evenness, but patch vegetation had a more than 10 times of landscape dominance than corridor vegetation, indicating that there was somewhat imbalance in the allocation of different vegetation patch types. It's suggested that the quantity of patch vegetation should be increased, and the public vegetation should be distributed evenly. Increasing vegetation corridor is also important because it can link the downtown area to the suburb natural vegetation ecosystems. For example, the South Canal Belt Park of Shenyang is a good vegetation corridor, which can beautify Shenyang city, discharge sewage, drain flood, and improve microclimate.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2005

Bitter taste markers explain variability in vegetable sweetness, bitterness, and intake.

Intake of vegetables falls short of recommendations to lower risk of chronic diseases. Most research addresses bitterness as a sensory deterrent to consuming vegetables. We examined bitter and sweet sensations from vegetables as mediators of vegetable preference and intake as well as how these tastes vary with markers of genetic variation in taste (3.2 mM 6-n-propylthiouracil bitterness) and taste pathology (1.0 mM quinine bitterness, chorda tympani nerve relative to whole mouth). Seventy-one females and 39 males (18-60 years) reported prototypical tastes from and preference for Brussels sprouts, kale and asparagus as well as servings of vegetables consumed, excluding salad and potatoes. Intensity and hedonic ratings were made with the general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Data were analyzed with multiple linear regression and structural equation modeling. Vegetable sweetness and bitterness were independent predictors of more or less preference for sampled vegetables and vegetable intake, respectively. Those who taste PROP as most bitter also tasted the vegetables as most bitter and least sweet. The spatial pattern of quinine bitterness, suggestive of insult to chorda tympani taste fibers, was associated with less bitterness and sweetness from vegetables. Via structural equation modeling, PROP best explained variability in vegetable preference and intake via vegetable bitterness whereas the quinine marker explained variability in vegetable preference and intake via vegetable bitterness and sweetness. In summary, bitterness and sweetness of sampled vegetables varied by taste genetic and taste function markers, which explained differences in preference for vegetables tasted in the laboratory as well as overall vegetable intake outside the laboratory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Attitudes of Austrian adults to the consumption of fruits and vegetables.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies confirm that high fruit and vegetable intake correlates with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, various kinds of cancer and other disease. Based on these results authorized bodies worldwide recommend to eat more fruits and vegetables, e.g., the 'five a day' campaign. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Through 24-hour dietary recalls (studies 2000-02) the intake of 2,318 Austrian adults (19-65 years) were examined. 38.5% participants were male and 61.5% female. RESULTS: Austrian adults consume on average 248 +/- 316 g vegetables per day. The most popular vegetables are leafy, fruit and root vegetables. Pulses are seldom eaten. Women consume (252 +/- 184 g) slightly more vegetables than men (242 +/- 192 g). One fourth (26%) of the investigated subjects eat lower than 100 g vegetables, 21% consume amounts between 100 and 200 g and more than half (53%) eat more than 200g daily. Approximately half of the vegetable intake is consumed fresh and the other cooked, frozen vegetables are not often used by our study subjects. The daily intake of fruit is about 119 +/- 156 g. Men consume significantly lower quantities (107 +/- 159 g) of fruits than women (127 +/- 154 g) (p < 0.001). Half (51%) of the examined adults eat less than 100 g fruit per day, 23% between 100 and 200 g and only 26% more than the recommended 200 g. Most of the fruit is consumed fresh, frozen fruits and fruits in cans are not very popular. The favorite fruits are stone fruits, followed by citrus and berry fruits. Juice of fruits and vegetables was consumed in amounts of 56.7 +/- 151.3 ml/day. The daily intake of fruit and vegetable nectar is about 130.0 +/- 264.9 ml. If the amounts of juice and nectar are added to the average intake of fruit and vegetables, the whole quantity of fruit and vegetable intake is satisfying. CONCLUSION: Our survey shows that the investigated Austrian adults are not far away from reaching the minimum goal of 400 g fruit and vegetable intake per day. Nevertheless, 16% consumed less than 200 g vegetables and fruit. To improve health benefits, a higher intake of varied fruit and vegetables should be achieved.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Psychosocial factors and dietary habits associated with vegetable consumption.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed scales of psychosocial factors and dietary habits related to vegetable consumption and examined associations of these scales with vegetable intake. METHODS: Data are from 838 adults who participated in a 1997 to 1998 Washington State random digital-dial survey designed to monitor attitudes and behavior related to cancer risk and prevention. Information was collected on psychosocial factors related to vegetable consumption, vegetable-related dietary habits, demographic (participant) characteristics, and vegetable intake. Factor analyses were used to identify the underlying dimensions in the psychosocial and dietary habits scales. Analyses of variance, linear regression, and Pearson's correlations examined associations among participant characteristics, psychosocial factors, dietary habits, and vegetable consumption. RESULTS: Factor analyses of the psychosocial scale suggested four coherent dimensions or subscales--importance of eating vegetables, health benefits, convenience and taste of raw vegetables, and taste of cooked vegetables--with good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.67-0.77). There were four subscales within the dietary habits scale--add vegetables to mixed dishes, include vegetables at lunch and dinner, eat raw vegetables, and eat salads--with fair internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.37-0.61). The psychosocial factors and dietary habits were strongly correlated (summary scales Pearson's r = 0.55), and after adjustment for participant characteristics, both scales were significantly and positively associated with vegetable intake (Pearson's r = 0.45 and 0.54, respectively, for summary scales; all Ps < 0.001). Further, the scales explained between 14% and 23% of the variance in vegetable intake. CONCLUSIONS: These scales of psychosocial factors and dietary habits related to vegetable consumption could be used to target intervention messages and evaluate intervention effects.

Adolescent↗