SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Web Browser”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

SemanticEye: a semantic web application to rationalize and enhance chemical electronic publishing.

SemanticEye, an ontology with associated tools, improves the classification and open accessibility of chemical information in electronic publishing. In a manner analogous to digital music management, RDF metadata encoded as Adobe XMP can be extracted from a variety of document formats, such as PDF, and managed in an RDF repository called Sesame. Users upload electronic documents containing XMP to a central server by "dropping" them into WebDAV folders. The documents can then be navigated in a Web browser via their metadata, and multiple documents containing identical metadata can then be aggregated. SemanticEye does not actually store any documents. By including unique identifiers within the XMP, such as the DOI, associated documents can be retrieved from the Web with the help of resolving agents. The power of this metadata driven approach is illustrated by including, within the XMP, InChI identifiers for molecular structures and finding relationships between articles based on their InChIs. SemanticEye will become increasingly more comprehensive as usage becomes more widespread. Furthermore, following the Semantic Web architecture enables the reuse of open software tools, provides a "semantically intuitive" alternative to search engines, and fosters a greater sense of trust in Web-based scientific information.

Journal Article↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Distributed decision support using a web-based interface: prevention of sudden cardiac death.

Although decision models can provide a formal foundation for guideline development and clinical decision support, their widespread use is often limited by the lack of platform-independent software that geographically dispersed users can access and use easily without extensive training. To address these limitations the authors developed a World Wide Web-based interface for previously developed decision models. They describe the use and functionality of the interface using a decision model that evaluates the cost-effectiveness of strategies for preventing sudden cardiac death. The system allows an analyst to use a web browser to interact with the decision model and to change the values of input variables within pre-specified ranges, to specify sensitivity or threshold analyses, to evaluate the decision model, and to view the results generated dynamically. The web site also provides linkages to an explanation of the model, and evidence tables for input variables. The system demonstrates a method for providing distributed decision support to remote users such as guideline developers, decision analysts, and potentially practicing physicians. The web interface provides platform-independent and almost universal access to a decision model. This approach can make distributed decision support both practical and economical, and has the potential to increase the usefulness of decision models by enabling a broader audience to incorporate systematic analyses into both policy and clinical decisions.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗

PubMed1999

A perception experiment with time-critical graphics animation on the World-Wide Web.

The World-Wide Web offers a potentially interesting tool to collect data from a large and heterogeneous audience. While questionnaires have become rather common on the Internet, its potential reaches far beyond text processing. In principle, it is possible not only to perform interactive, dynamic experiments on the Web, but also to include graphical animation and time-critical responses, such as reaction times. We implemented a visual motion extrapolation task on the Web using the programming language Java, which can be interpreted by standard Web browsers such as Netscape or Internet Explorer. The data collected with this method turned out to be reliable and differed little from data obtained in a controlled laboratory setting, with the exception of conditions with fixation instruction. Thus, the Web can, generally speaking, be used for data collection of large sample sizes. The strengths and weaknesses of dynamic visual simulation experiments on the Internet are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

AssayFinder--an online database for clinical chemistry assays.

AssayFinder is an electronic database of clinical chemistry assays. It currently holds 1300 entries from 63 laboratories. It was developed for hospital clinical chemistry laboratories that need to send patient samples to reference centres for complex analysis. AssayFinder anticipated use of the Internet for transmitting information between hospitals. It started as a disc containing individual hypertext markup language files. From the beginning AssayFinder was designed for Web browser software, usable even in laboratories without Internet access. Later, files were generated automatically from a database package, (FileMaker-Pro, Claris, Santa Clara, USA.). Direct on-line access to the database has now been achieved using the World Wide Web. In the future sites will submit new assays in electronic form. In addition, links to other relevant specialist web-sites will further increase its value to the clinical chemistry community.

Clinical Chemistry Tests↗

PubMed1999

Neuro@neurolist.mcg.edu: an e-mail discussion list for neurologists.

INeuro@neurolist.mcg. edu: An e-mail discussion list for neurologists Neuro@neurolist.mcg.edu (Neurolist) is a discussion list for neurologists. This Internet tool, established in 1994, allows the worldwide community of neurologists to communicate quickly and efficiently using e-mail, web browsers, and newsreaders. Neurolist currently has 584 members in 51 countries. Between June 1997 and October 1998, 6179 messages were transmitted by Neurolist. Most of the list's posts (70%) concerned patient care and neurologic diseases. Users may subscribe at the web site: . The service is free.

Communication↗

PubMed2004

A digital atlas of breast histopathology: an application of web based virtual microscopy.

AIMS: To develop an educationally useful atlas of breast histopathology, using advanced web based virtual microscopy technology. METHODS: By using a robotic microscope and software adopted and modified from the aerial and satellite imaging industry, a virtual microscopy system was developed that allows fully automated slide scanning and image distribution via the internet. More than 150 slides were scanned at high resolution with an oil immersion x 40 objective (numerical aperture, 1.3) and archived on an image server residing in a high speed university network. RESULTS: A publicly available website was constructed, http://www.webmicroscope.net/breastatlas, which features a comprehensive virtual slide atlas of breast histopathology according to the World Health Organisation 2003 classification. Users can view any part of an entire specimen at any magnification within a standard web browser. The virtual slides are supplemented with concise textual descriptions, but can also be viewed without diagnostic information for self assessment of histopathology skills. CONCLUSIONS: Using the technology described here, it is feasible to develop clinically and educationally useful virtual microscopy applications. Web based virtual microscopy will probably become widely used at all levels in pathology teaching.

Breast↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Internet patient records: new techniques.

BACKGROUND: The ease by which the Internet is able to distribute information to geographically-distant users on a wide variety of computers makes it an obvious candidate for a technological solution for electronic patient record systems. Indeed, second-generation Internet technologies such as the ones described in this article--XML (eXtensible Markup Language), XSL (eXtensible Style Language), DOM (Document Object Model), CSS (Cascading Style Sheet), JavaScript, and JavaBeans--may significantly reduce the complexity of the development of distributed healthcare systems. OBJECTIVE: The demonstration of an experimental Electronic Patient Record (EPR) system built from those technologies that can support viewing of medical imaging exams and graphically-rich clinical reporting tools, while conforming to the newly emerging XML standard for digital documents. In particular, we aim to promote rapid prototyping of new reports by clinical specialists. METHODS: We have built a prototype EPR client, InfoDOM, that runs in both the popular web browsers. In this second version it receives each EPR as an XML record served via the secure SSL (Secure Socket Layer) protocol. JavaBean software components manipulate the XML to store it and then to transform it into a variety of useful clinical views. First a web page summary for the patient is produced. From that web page other JavaBeans can be launched. In particular, we have developed a medical imaging exam Viewer and a clinical Reporter bean parameterized appropriately for the particular patient and exam in question. Both present particular views of the XML data. The Viewer reads image sequences from a patient-specified network URL on a PACS (Picture Archiving and Communications System) server and presents them in a user-controllable animated sequence, while the Reporter provides a configurable anatomical map of the site of the pathology, from which individual "reportlets" can be launched. The specification of these reportlets is achieved using standard HTML forms and thus may conceivably be authored by clinical specialists. A generic JavaScript library has been written that allows the seamless incorporation of such contributions into the InfoDOM client. In conjunction with another JavaBean, that library renders graphically-enhanced reporting tools that read and write content to and from the XML data-structure, ready for resubmission to the EPR server. RESULTS: We demonstrate the InfoDOM experimental EPR system that is currently being adapted for test-bed use in three hospitals in Cagliari, Italy. For this we are working with specialists in neurology, radiology, and epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: Early indications are that the rapid prototyping of reports afforded by our EPR system can assist communication between clinical specialists and our system developers. We are now experimenting with new technologies that may provide services to the kind of XML EPR client described here.

Internet↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Using WWW and JAVA for image access and interactive viewing in an integrated PACS.

We start from the observations that (1) potential benefits from PACS can only be realized if PACS and HIS are integrated into a 'multimedia medical information system', and (2) that this also requires integration at the level of the user interface. The user interface should allow integrated interaction with information from different subsystems, of which PACS is one. However, in the real world, different information systems are constructed using different technologies. Moreover, radiological image viewing is a highly interactive task that puts a particular burden on the graphical user interface. We describe our experiences in applying technology emerging around the 'World Wide Web' (WWW) for interactive access to an integrated PACS/HIS. We illustrate the use of Web browsers to access new medical services, touch technologies for interactive access to HIS-PACS information, and emphasize the potential of JAVA applets. We argue that JAVA may become an important tool for providing highly interactive user interfaces to larger multimedia information systems. We discuss Web technology in the general context of HIS/PACS integration.

Archives↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Distributing medical images with internet technologies: a DICOM web server and a DICOM java viewer.

With the advent of filmless radiology, it becomes important to be able to distribute radiologic images digitally throughout an entire hospital. A new approach based on World Wide Web technologies was developed to accomplish this objective. This approach involves a Web server that allows the query and retrieval of images stored in a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) archive. The images can be viewed inside a Web browser with use of a small Java program known as the DICOM Java Viewer, which is executed inside the browser. The system offers several advantages over more traditional picture archiving and communication systems (PACS): It is easy to install and maintain, is platform independent, allows images to be manipulated and displayed efficiently, and is easy to integrate with existing systems that are already making use of Web technologies. The system is user-friendly and can easily be used from outside the hospital if a security policy is in place. The simplicity and flexibility of Internet technologies makes them highly preferable to the more complex PACS workstations. The system works well, especially with magnetic resonance and computed tomographic images, and can help improve and simplify interdepartmental relationships in a filmless hospital environment.

Computer Security↗

PubMed2000

The microarray explorer tool for data mining of cDNA microarrays: application for the mammary gland.

The Microarray Explorer (MAExplorer) is a versatile Java-based data mining bioinformatic tool for analyzing quantitative cDNA expression profiles across multiple microarray platforms and DNA labeling systems. It may be run as either a stand-alone application or as a Web browser applet over the Internet. With this program it is possible to (i) analyze the expression of individual genes, (ii) analyze the expression of gene families and clusters, (iii) compare expression patterns and (iv) directly access other genomic databases for clones of interest. Data may be downloaded as required from a Web server or in the case of the stand-alone version, reside on the user's computer. Analyses are performed in real-time and may be viewed and directly manipulated in images, reports, scatter plots, histograms, expression profile plots and cluster analyses plots. A key feature is the clone data filter for constraining a working set of clones to those passing a variety of user-specified logical and statistical tests. Reports may be generated with hypertext Web access to UniGene, GenBank and other Internet databases for sets of clones found to be of interest. Users may save their explorations on the Web server or local computer and later recall or share them with other scientists in this groupware Web environment. The emphasis on direct manipulation of clones and sets of clones in graphics and tables provides a high level of interaction with the data, making it easier for investigators to test ideas when looking for patterns. We have used the MAExplorer to profile gene expression patterns of 1500 duplicated genes isolated from mouse mammary tissue. We have identified genes that are preferentially expressed during pregnancy and during lactation. One gene we identified, carbonic anhydrase III, is highly expressed in mammary tissue from virgin and pregnant mice and in gene knock-out mice with underdeveloped mammary epithelium. Other genes, which include those encoding milk proteins, are preferentially expressed during lactation.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

preAssemble: a tool for automatic sequencer trace data processing.

BACKGROUND: Trace or chromatogram files (raw data) are produced by automatic nucleic acid sequencing equipment or sequencers. Each file contains information which can be interpreted by specialised software to reveal the sequence (base calling). This is done by the sequencer proprietary software or publicly available programs. Depending on the size of a sequencing project the number of trace files can vary from just a few to thousands of files. Sequencing quality assessment on various criteria is important at the stage preceding clustering and contig assembly. Two major publicly available packages--Phred and Staden are used by preAssemble to perform sequence quality processing. RESULTS: The preAssemble pre-assembly sequence processing pipeline has been developed for small to large scale automatic processing of DNA sequencer chromatogram (trace) data. The Staden Package Pregap4 module and base-calling program Phred are utilized in the pipeline, which produces detailed and self-explanatory output that can be displayed with a web browser. preAssemble can be used successfully with very little previous experience, however options for parameter tuning are provided for advanced users. preAssemble runs under UNIX and LINUX operating systems. It is available for downloading and will run as stand-alone software. It can also be accessed on the Norwegian Salmon Genome Project web site where preAssemble jobs can be run on the project server. CONCLUSION: preAssemble is a tool allowing to perform quality assessment of sequences generated by automatic sequencing equipment. preAssemble is flexible since both interactive jobs on the preAssemble server and the stand alone downloadable version are available. Virtually no previous experience is necessary to run a default preAssemble job, on the other hand options for parameter tuning are provided. Consequently preAssemble can be used as efficiently for just several trace files as for large scale sequence processing.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2002

Enhanced interfaces for web-based enterprise-wide image distribution.

Modern Web browsers support image distribution with two shortcomings: (1) image grayscale presentation at client workstations is often sub-optimal and generally inconsistent with the presentation state on diagnostic workstations and (2) an Electronic Patient Record (EPR) application usually cannot directly access images with an integrated viewer. We have modified our EPR and our Web-based image-distribution system to allow access to images from within the EPR. In addition, at the client workstation, a grayscale transformation is performed that consists of two components: a client-display-specific component based on the characteristic display function of the class of display system, and a modality-specific transformation that is downloaded with every image. The described techniques have been implemented in our institution and currently support enterprise-wide clinical image distribution. The effectiveness of the techniques is reviewed.

Computer Systems↗

PubMed1998

W2H: WWW interface to the GCG sequence analysis package.

MOTIVATION: The user-friendly, graphical X-windows interface (WPI) to the GCG sequence analysis package can often not be used due to the lack of an X-server on PC or Macintosh computers. Because Web browsers like Netscape are much more common on those platforms, we decided to develop W2H, a WWW interface to the GCG Sequence Analysis Software Package with nearly the same functionality as the X-windows interface WPI. RESULTS: The new WWW interface (W2H) to the GCG Sequence Analysis Software Package (Wisconsin Package) supports modern Web technologies, like client-pull method, or embedded scripting language, and provides a reasonable platform independence. The interface is quite comprehensive with advanced features like sequence selector, search set builder, enzyme chooser, access to sequence databases, uploading client files to the GCG server or displaying and manipulating graphical outputs in addition to GCG analysis programs. W2H also manages secure access to both GCG server and user data. For special environments, like workshops, conferences and company intranets, there is a special mode (Intranet mode) with less security constraints. The behaviour of W2H is mostly controlled by meta-data files describing the applications and giving a base for dynamic creation of HTML documents. This paper presents mainly the development approaches used, and architectural design aspects of W2H. AVAILABILITY: W2H is available by ftp://ftp.ebi.ac. uk/pub/software/unix/w2h or ftp://genome.dkfz-heidelberg.de/pub/w2h CONTACT: m.senger@ebi.ac.uk

Computational Biology↗

PubMed2005

Factors to keep in mind when introducing virtual microscopy.

Digitization of glass slides and delivery of so-called virtual slides (VS) emulating a real microscope over the Internet have become reality due to recent improvements in technology. We have implemented a virtual microscope for instruction of medical students and for continuing medical education. Up to 30,000 images per slide are captured using a microscope with an automated stage. The images are post-processed and then served by a plain hypertext transfer protocol (http)-server. A virtual slide client (vMic) based on Macromedia's Flash MX, a highly accepted technology available on every modern Web browser, has been developed. All necessary virtual slide parameters are stored in an XML file together with the image. Evaluation of the courses by questionnaire indicated that most students and many but not all pathologists regard virtual slides as an adequate replacement for traditional slides. All our virtual slides are publicly accessible over the World Wide Web (WWW) at http://vmic.unibas.ch . Recently, several commercially available virtual slide acquisition systems (VSAS) have been developed that use various technologies to acquire and distribute virtual slides. These systems differ in speed, image quality, compatibility, viewer functionalities and price. This paper gives an overview of the factors to keep in mind when introducing virtual microscopy.

Education, Medical, Continuing↗

PubMed2003

An Internet-based evaluation system for a surgical residency program.

BACKGROUND: Efficient and meaningful evaluation of performance is critical to the professional development of trainees in surgical residency programs. Current paper-based evaluation instruments have numerous limitations. We developed an Internet-based evaluation system to more rapidly and efficiently assess the experience of residents, faculty, and rotations. STUDY DESIGN: An on-line evaluation system was designed and implemented in October 1999. Custom evaluations were created for residents, faculty, and rotations. Evaluations were completed via the Internet site from remote locations with standard computers and standard Web browser software. Completed evaluations were automatically available on-line for review and data analysis. Data were analyzed by chi-square analysis with a probability value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Compliance in completion of evaluations improved from 50% to 80% in the initial 6 months of implementation (p < 0.01) with the Web-based system. There was no significant difference between faculty and resident compliance. In evaluation of "ease of use," a total of 612 responses were received over this period with a total average score of 3.5 (5 point scale, 5 = strongly agree). Residents' opinions (average score, 3.69) were slightly more positive than those of faculty (average score, 3.31). Confidentiality was improved over paper-based systems by a detailed security network. CONCLUSIONS: This Internet-based evaluation system is a potentially powerful instrument for evaluating our surgical residency program and making changes to improve the educational experience in a timely and efficient manner.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed2005

WEBnm@: a web application for normal mode analyses of proteins.

BACKGROUND: Normal mode analysis (NMA) has become the method of choice to investigate the slowest motions in macromolecular systems. NMA is especially useful for large biomolecular assemblies, such as transmembrane channels or virus capsids. NMA relies on the hypothesis that the vibrational normal modes having the lowest frequencies (also named soft modes) describe the largest movements in a protein and are the ones that are functionally relevant. RESULTS: We developed a web-based server to perform normal modes calculations and different types of analyses. Starting from a structure file provided by the user in the PDB format, the server calculates the normal modes and subsequently offers the user a series of automated calculations; normalized squared atomic displacements, vector field representation and animation of the first six vibrational modes. Each analysis is performed independently from the others and results can be visualized using only a web browser. No additional plug-in or software is required. For users who would like to analyze the results with their favorite software, raw results can also be downloaded. The application is available on http://www.bioinfo.no/tools/normalmodes. We present here the underlying theory, the application architecture and an illustration of its features using a large transmembrane protein as an example. CONCLUSION: We built an efficient and modular web application for normal mode analysis of proteins. Non specialists can easily and rapidly evaluate the degree of flexibility of multi-domain protein assemblies and characterize the large amplitude movements of their domains.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2004

A shockwave approach for web-based clinical motion analysis.

Advances in Internet connectivity and personal multimedia computing have created opportunities for integrating simple motion analysis into clinical practice. The Macromedia Shockwave environment provides tools for creating media-rich software that runs within a Web browser. For this project, clinical motion analysis software was created using Shockwave that can load digital video clips of a client's motion, step/shuttle/play through the clip, superimpose a grid over the video image, measure relative joint angles, scale to a linear factor, measure distances, and measure average velocities. After installing the Shockwave and Quicktime video plug-ins, the Motion Analysis Tools-Shockwave program runs directly from a Web page hyperlink. Program testing involved comparing angle measurements, linear distances, stride length, and walking speed among six video clips. The first three clips were of a transtibial prosthesis being carried through the field of view (640 x 480, 320 x 240, 320 x 240 enlarged to 640 x 480). The second set of three clips was of a metal square carried through the field of view. Average root mean square errors were 2.0 degrees for angle measures and 1.2 cm for length measures. Stride length standard deviation was 4.6 cm (mean length = 212.1 cm). Average walking speed standard deviation was 0.015 m/s (mean speed = 1.15 m/s). The test results were consistent with video motion analysis results and within an acceptable range for clinical design-making. This Web-based motion analysis approach provides a useful tool for ubiquitous, quantitative, clinical gait analysis.

Decision Support Techniques↗

PubMed1999

Flicker image comparison of 2-D gel images for putative protein identification using the 2DWG meta-database.

With the availability of two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis databases that have many characterized proteins, it may be possible to compare a researcher's gel images with those in relevant databases. This may lead to the putative identification of unknown protein spots in a researcher's gel with those characterized in a given database, saving the researcher time and money by suggesting monoclonal antibodies to try in confirming these identifications. We have developed two tools to help with this comparison: (1) Flicker, http:/(/)www.lecb.ncifcrf.gov/flicker/, a Java applet program running in the researcher's Web browser, to visually compare their gels against gels on the Internet; and (2) the 2DWG meta-database, http:/(/)www.lecb.ncifcrf.gov/2dwgDB /, a searchable database of locations of 2-D electrophoretic gel images found on the Internet. Recent additions to Flicker allow users to click on a protein spot in a gel that is linked to a federated 2D gel database, such as SWISS-2DPAGE, and have it retrieve a report from that Web database for that protein.

Data Display↗