PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Xiphoid Bone”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Subxiphoid pericardial window in stable cardiac proximity injuries.

The use of the subxiphoid pericardial window (SPW) in evaluating stable patients with cardiac proximity injuries is presented in a short case series. There were 11 patients with four positive and seven negative SPW. There was one false positive and no false negatives. Review of the literature on the use of the SPW as a diagnostic tool in evaluating cardiac proximity injuries shows the SPW to be a rapid and reliable method of detecting occult cardiac injuries, and is especially useful in areas where emergency echocardiography is not available.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Subxiphoid pericardiotomy versus echocardiography: a prospective evaluation of the diagnosis of occult penetrating cardiac injury.

Diagnostic subxiphoid pericardiotomy (SP) is presently advocated for the diagnosis of occult cardiac injuries in patients with stable vital signs with juxta-cardiac-penetrating chest wounds. This approach, however, results in a reported 80% negative pericardial exploration rate. To investigate the reliability of bedside two-dimension echocardiography (2-D echo) in predicting cardiac injury as compared to SP, a prospective study was undertaken of patients with stable vital signs who were admitted with penetrating chest wounds that were located within the space bounded by the manubrium, nipples, and subcostal line. Initial evaluation of the patients with bedside 2-D echo was found to have a 96% accuracy, 97% specificity, and 90% sensitivity in predicting cardiac injury. The only false-negative findings were in a patient who consented to SP 18 hours after bedside 2-D echo was performed. The reliability of bedside 2-D echo compared to SP was not significantly different according to the kappa measure of reliability. These data suggest that bedside 2-D echo is an expeditious and reliable method to diagnose occult cardiac injuries during the initial assessment of a patient with stable vital signs who had penetrating chest trauma. This approach may allow for the selective use of SP on patients with positive bedside 2-D echo and could eliminate unnecessary surgical procedures.

Echocardiography↗
PubMed1989

Fine structure of cartilage elastic system fibers, in particular those of the mandibular condyle.

Light microscopy of the mandibular joint tissues from fetal mice show a distribution of fibrillar structures in the articular fibrous capsule covering the condylar head. Further SEM and TEM studies were conducted on autoclaved xiphoid and mandibular condylar processes of the fetuses for observation of the elastic system fibers in these cartilaginous tissues. SEM showed that non-collaginous fibers branched and united to form a complicated network in the cartilage. A fine structure study on diameter distribution of the fibers indicated elastogenesis in the differentiating cell layer and fiber maturation in the articular surfaces and calcification layer, thus suggesting a sequential development, growth, and degeneration of the cellular and fibrillar components in the cartilage, as well as bidirectional cell differentiation in the growing mandibular joint. A further TEM study on these autoclaved connective tissues showed the elastic system fibers in the network to be composed of fine microfibrils and amorphous elastin. The elastic fibers in the condylar cartilage were a loose network having many tortuous main and oblique elastic fibers, and coiling oxytalan fibers.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subxiphoid pericardial window for pericardial effusive disease.

A subxiphoid pericardial window made in 123 patients allowed drainage and diagnosis of pericardial effusions. In 40 patients with malignancy and effusions, median drainage was 450 ml; cytology was positive in 17 or 36 (47%), and pericardial biopsy showed cancer in 13 (43%) of 30 patients. In 11 patients with malignancy, both cytology of effusions and biopsy of the pericardium were negative. In 83 patients with benign effusions, median drainage was 400 ml. Effusions recurred in 14 of the 123 patients (11%); nine patients in the benign group and five in the malignant group. Five of these 14 underwent thoracotomy (3 to 542 days postoperatively); two underwent median sternotomy and one underwent pericardiocentesis. Two intraoperative deaths resulted from cardiac arrest. Mortality at 30 days was 25% (10/40 patients) in the malignant group and 11% (9/83 patients) in the benign group. No deaths resulted from recurrent effusions. The establishment of a subxiphoid pericardial window allows rapid and safe drainage of pericardial effusions with sampling for cytology and pericardial biopsy. It has minimal morbidity and few recurrent effusions.

Drainage↗
PubMed1986

Quantitative morphological and histochemical study of the xiphisternal cartilage and its intracellular lipids in the guinea-pig.

The xiphisternal cartilages of newborn, suckling, immature and adult guinea-pigs were divided into twelve regions in a study of their histology and intracellular lipid content. Histochemical methods were employed, and the observations quantified using a semi-automatic image analyser. In general, triglyceride content increases with age and is lower in surface layers and in distal and lateral regions than in deep layers and proximal and medial regions. Phospholipids, on the other hand, diminish with age and are most abundant in surface layers and in distal and lateral regions. The nature and quantity of these lipids in the various regions and layers into which the cartilages were subdivided has been related to the size of the lacunae in which the cells lie.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Quantitative histochemical study of changes with age in intracellular lipids of xiphisternal cartilage in rat and rabbit.

Histological and histochemical methods have been employed to study the histology and intracellular lipid distribution of xiphisternal cartilage in rats and rabbits of 5 different ages ranging from newborns to old adults. Xiphisternal cartilage was subdivided for the purposes of the study in 12 regions, and observations were quantified using an image analyser. Large differences in intracellular lipid distribution were observed among different cell populations of individual regions, among different regions of individual cartilages, and among cartilages from animals of different ages. The 2 species studied also differed widely as regards the distribution and quantity of intracellular lipids, even with respect to regions of similar histological characteristics occupying the same relative position within the cartilage. In particular, in the rat the chondrocytes of the lateral edges an the distal third are those possessing the greatest amounts of triglycerides whereas in rabbit these regions are the least rich in triglycerides.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Subxiphoid pericardiostomy for hemodialysis-associated pericardial effusion.

Sixteen patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis in whom moderate-to-large pericardial effusions developed were treated with short-term drainage via a large-bore tube implanted into the pericardial sac. Drainage tubes were implanted using a subxiphoid approach (subxiphoid pericardiostomy) while the patient was under local anesthesia. In seven patients, triamcinolone hexacetonide was instilled into the pericardial sac through the drainage tube at regular intervals. In all patients, a drainage period of two to four days, with or without instillation of nonabsorbable steroids, was associated with resolution of the pericardial effusion. Only one recurrence of effusion was demonstrable over a follow-up period extending from three months to eight years (median, 4.2 years). Complications of subxiphoid pericardiostomy were minor (incisional hernia, wound infection, and small pneumothorax) and easily treatable. Our results suggest that short-term drainage via a surgically implanted drainage tube is an effective and safe treatment of moderate-to-large hemodialysis-associated pericardial effusion.

Drainage↗