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[Clinical study on therapeutic effects of treatment according to syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine combined with captopril on severe viral myocarditis complicated heart failure].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the treatment according to Syndrome Differentiation of TCM combined with captopril (CAP) on severe viral myocarditis (SVM) complicated heart failure (CHF). METHODS: One hundred and nine patients of SVM complicated CHF were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 72) and the control group (n = 37), the former was treated with TCM combined with CAP, while the latter was treated with dexamethasone and interferon. The TCM prescriptions were made depending on types of diseases by Syndrome Differentiation, i.e. Heart-Spleen deficiency type, Qi-Yin deficiency type and Spleen-Kidney Yang deficiency type. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated by the criteria including NYHA classification, myocardial enzymology, electrocardiogram, cardiac function and motorial toleration measured before and after treatment. RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treated group according to NYHA classification was obviously better than that of the control group; the creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme (CPK-MB), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content lowered in both groups, but more significantly lowered in the treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); the improvement of S-T segment of ECG in the treated group was better than that in the control (P < 0.01); also some parameters of heart function and motorial toleration were bettered in the treated group more significantly (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: TCM treatment according to Syndrome Differentiation combined with CAP in treating SVM complicated CHF could elevate the clinical efficacy.

Adult↗

[Therapeutic changes in nephrotic syndrome treated with yiqi huoxue jiedu decoction and corticosteroid].

UNLABELLED: Plasmic and urinary TXB2 and 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha of 87 patients of nephrotic syndrome (NS) and 25 healthy subjects were measured by RIA, and the influence of Yiqi Huoxue Jiedu decoction (YHJ) and corticosteroid on above-mentioned parameters was investigated. RESULTS: Plasmic and urinary TXB2 as well as the ratio of TXB2/6-K-PGF1 alpha of both types of NS increased (P < 0.01-0.05). The plasmic TXB2 of II type was higher than that of I type of NS (P < 0.01), 6-K-PGF1 alpha increased as well (P < 0.05). After treatment, plasmic and urinary TXB2 of both types of NS were remarkably lower (P < 0.01), while urinary 6-K-PGF1 alpha increased significantly (P < 0.05). In comparing with pre-treatment investigation, the plasmic 6-K-PGF1 alpha of II type was reduced (P < 0.05). It was shown that YHJ would inhibit the synthesis of TXA2 and regulate the TXA2-PGI2 balance. YHJ was markedly effective in producing TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1 alpha increase, its therapeutical effects was better to patients with Yin Deficiency and both Qi-Yin Deficiency, but not so well with Yang Deficiency Syndrome.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗

[Multicenter prospective study on relationship of TCM syndrome type and renal pathology in 286 patients with IgA nephropathy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution pattern of TCM Syndrome type and its relationship with renal pathology in patients with IgA nephropathy. METHODS: Apopting multicenter coordinated method, patients' TCM Syndrome type was differentiated according to their clinical manifestations, data concerning laboratory examination and renal pathology were collected to establish a database for analyzing the relationship between TCM Syndrome type and renal pathology in 286 patients. RESULTS: Patients of Pi-Fei Qi-deficiency type (type 1) and both Qi-Yin deficiency type (type 2) showed rather milder pathological changes, by Lee classification, most of them belonged to grade I-III (72.3%, 70.2%); patients of Gan-Shen Yin deficiency type (type 3) had severe pathological change and majority of them belonged to grade III-IV (84.6%); and the most severe pathological change was shown in patients of Pi-Shen Yang-deficiency type (type 4), and the Lee's grade IV-V was dominant (88.0%) in them. Syndrome type of patients was significantly correlated with their Lee's grade (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). Percentage of glomerular sclerosis in patients of type 4 was higher than that in patients of the other three types. Semi-quantitative scoring upon pathological changes showed that the total, glomerular, tubulo-interstitial and vascular scores were significantly higher in patients of type 4 than in those of the other three types; those scores were higher in patients of type 3 than in type 1; the total, glomerular and vascular scores were higher in patients of type 3 than in type 2; and scores in patients of type 1 and type 2 showed insignificant difference. CONCLUSION: Multicentric prospective study proves that the TCM Syndrome typeof patients with IgA nephropathy is significantly correlated with the grade and severity of their renal pathological changes, thus, the TCM Syndrome typing shows definite referential importance to conclude the severity of renal pathological change in patients with IgA nephropathy.

Adolescent↗

[Pharmacological study on Tianxiong (tuber of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx.), a Chinese drug for reinforcing the kidney yang retail in Hong Kong market].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pharmacodynamic mechanism of Tianxiong (Aconitum carmichaeli) in tonifying the kidney and supporting Yang, so as to provide evidences for further development of new drugs treating Yang-eficiency of the kidney. METHOD: Observing parameters such as visceral index, survival time of low-temperature swimming for hydrocortisone-induced Yang-deficiency model mouse and testis-removed kidney-deficiency model rat. RESULT: The decoction of processed Tianxiong could strengthen the antifatigual ability and prolong the survival time of low-temperature swimming for mice, and promote immunization in rats. CONCLUSION: Tianxiong is able to reinforce the kidney Yang, which reconforms the conclusion of "replenishing the fire of vital gate and the Qi of kidney" recorded in Chinese historical literature and proved by overseas clinical practice.

Aconitum↗

Studies on the luminescence of channels in rats and its law of changes with "syndromes" and treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion.

We previously reported the discovery of 14 channels in the human body, which possessed the biophysical property of high emission of light. In this study we found the same property on the Ren and Du channels in healthy rats. Additionally, we discovered that the luminance of the related channels in rat models with different "syndromes" varied greatly. For instance, a markedly low luminance appeared on the Du channel in animals with experimental syndrome of Yang deficiency induced by hydrocortisone; while in animals with experimental syndrome of blood deficiency caused by bleeding, an apparently low luminance occurred on the Ren channel. The intensity of the emitted light on Du and Ren channels increased after acupuncture treatment, but not significantly. This phenomenon conforms to the theory in traditional Chinese medicine that the Du channel is the "sea of Yang channels", while the Ren channel is the "sea of Yin channels".

Acupuncture Therapy↗

[Relationship between basal core promoter combined point mutation of hepatitis B virus and TCM syndrome type].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between basal core promoter (BCP) combined point mutation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and TCM syndrome type. METHODS: One hundred and two patients with chronic hepatitis with positive HBV DNA and hadn't ever been treated by Lamivudine and interferon were differentiated according TCM syndrome differentiation into 5 types, two excess types (damp-heat blocking zhong-jiao type and blood stasis blocking collaterals type) and three deficiency types, gan-stagnation with pi-dificiency type, gan-shen yin-deficiency type and pi-shen yang-deficiency type. The serum HBV DNA, hepatic biochemical indexes, and the mutation of BCPnt 1762A-T and nt1764G-A combined point were determined, respectively. RESULTS: The variant strain positive rate detected in the excess type was significantly higher than that in the deficiency type, the highest rate appeared in patients of damp-heat blocking zhong-jiao type. CONCLUSION: BCP combined point mutation may be liable to happen in patients of TCM excess type, especially in patients of damp-heat blocking zhong-jiao type.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

[Controlled study of needle warming therapy and electroacupuncture on simple obesity of spleen deficiency type].

OBJECTIVE: To compare therapeutic effects of needle warming therapy and electroacupuncture on simple obesity with spleen deficiency. METHODS: Sixty-eight cases of simple obesity with spleen deficiency, including water-dampness retention due to spleen deficiency, qi-deficiency of the lung and spleen, yang-deficiency of the spleen and kidney, were randomly divided into a needle warming therapy group (n = 36) and an electroacupuncture group (n = 32). Zhongwan(CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6), Zhongji (CV 3), Tianshu (ST 25), Shuidao (ST 28), and so on were selected as main acupoints in the both groups. Their therapeutic effects and body mass indexes were observed. RESULTS: The total effective rate was 88.9% in the needle warming therapy group and 71.9% in the electroacupuncture group with a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05); and there was a significant difference between the two groups in decrease of body mass index (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Needle warming therapy has definite and long-term therapeutic effect on simple obesity with spleen deficiency.

Acupuncture Points↗

[Study on objective parameters of syndrome differentiation of diabetic nephropathy].

This is a study about objective parameters of Syndrome Differentiation of diabetic nephropathy (DN) using radio immunoassay (RIA) technique. The result showed that beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-mG), alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-mG) in blood rose significantly in both groups. The group of Spleen-Kidney Deficiency and Qi-Blood Deficiency as well as the group of Yang Deficiency caused edema and upward gush of turbid Yin, there was significant difference between two groups, also there was significant difference between the two groups in measuring on atrial natriuretic factor (ANP), pancreatic glucagon (PG) in blood and beta 2-mG. Immunoglobulin G (IgG), albumin (Alb), secretory immunoglobulin A(SIg A) in urine. So above-mentioned parameters offered us some objective data on Syndrome Differentiation of DN. It is vital in guiding the Syndrome Differentiation and treatment of DN.

Adult↗

[Studies of gene networks and singal transduction of kidney deficiency syndrome by syndrome differentiation through drug effects].

Three kinds of networks were summarily described in this review including the small intracellular molecular networks, the middle-scale networks of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-thymus (HPAT) axis and the large network, neuroendocrine-immune (NEI) network, covering the whole organism and linking multiple systems together. The hypothesis was expressed that the "disease" or "syndrome" formed in the human body by the intervention from outside world is based on the changes of multi-molecular network. In this paper, the pattern and ability of signal transduction channel and the methods of studying changes in it were also described, and raised, herefrom, "to determine syndrome by drug effects (DSDE)" is the intervention means for studying syndrome in the light of systemic biological methods. We found Kidney-yang deficiency syndrome covered the NEI network and the regulating center located in hypothamus with Compound Bushen Recipe (CBR, Kidney-tonifying recipe). By intervention with EF, an effective component of CBR, it was found that EF can activate the immune system and the three networks, including growth axis, sex hormone axis and lymphocyte apoptosis network in HPAT axis through the downward pathway of NEI network to play its efficiency of molecular network. There are many regulation patterns of EF on networks. For example, in the network mechanism of lymphocyte apoptosis and proliferation, EF can reconstruct the balance of the opposite apoptosis related genes and proliferation related genes; EF can assemble and integrate co-stimulating molecules, transform growth factors (TGF), and several oncogenes to form an upstream factor network for initiating the proliferation and anti-apoptosis promotion; EF can simultaneously up-regulate the two opposite genes expression of IkappaB and NFkappaB in NIK/IKK/IkappaB/Rel/NFkappaB signal transduction channel, which could not only control the rising of NFkappaB in a moderate range, but also guarantee its predominant status to exert its hinge role in molecule regulating network, by which gene network regulation atlas in HPAT axis of Kidney-deficiency syndrome was observed.

Animals↗

[Effect of intravascular laser irradiation of blood and traditional Chinese medical therapy on immune function in senile cerebral infarction patients of kidney deficiency type].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) therapy on cellular immunity, change of T-lymphocyte subsets and humoral immunity in senile cerebral infarction patients of Kidney deficiency type. METHODS: Seventy-five patients were divided randomly into the ILIB group and the control group treated by conventional medicine (CM). Serum CD3, CD4, CD8, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 levels of patients were determined before and after treatment for self-control and comparing between various groups and that of normal control. RESULTS: Before treatment, in patients of both groups, the levels of CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8, C3 were all lower than normal levels significantly, C4 and IgM higher than normal (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), the level of IgG lowered in patients inclined to Kidney-Yang deficiency and raised in those inclined to Kidney-Yin deficiency (P < 0.01). After treatment, in the ILIB group, CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 raised significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), IgG and C3 varied towards normal control (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), and C4 lowered but without significance. In the control group, the indexes changed also toward normal but without significance except the change of IgG (P < 0.05). As for IgA and IgM, marked changes were not found in both groups in comparison between before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: ILIB therapy could bi-directionally regulate cellular and humoral immunity in senile cerebral infarction patients of Kidney deficiency type, which was similar to the function in supplementing Qi and invigorating Kidney of Chinese herbal medicine.

Aged↗

[Preliminary study on relationship between syndrome differentiation of esophageal cancer and changes of exfoliated cells of tongue coating].

Exfoliated cells of tongue coating of 63 esophageal cancer (EC) cases have been investigated by applying exfoliate cytologic examination, which showed that abnormal cornified cells were commonly seen while they were less in the patients of EC than those in the healthy group, and their difference was significant (P < 0.05), It showed an increase mainly in the number of pro-cornified cells in the patient of the Qi-Yang Deficiency group, an increase mainly in completely cornified cells in the Yin Deficiency and an increase in both pro-cornified cells and completely cornified cells in Phlegn-Dampness and blood Stasis patients. The difference among four groups was significant (P < 0.05). The changes of exfoliated cells of tongue coating provided an objective index for the early diagnosis of EC.

Adenocarcinoma↗

Traditional Chinese medicine typing of affective disorders and treatment.

According to the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), 50 patients with affective disorders were typed into the categories of depressed liver resulting in fire, mild Yang deficiency and mild Yin deficiency and were treated with Xiao Yao San Jia Wei. The results are 26 patients with marked improvement, 17 patients with improvement and 7 patients with no improvement.

Bipolar Disorder↗

[Affection of Bushen Shengjing pill on NO and NOS in testicle and ante-oxidization of rat with spermatogenic cell injury].

OBJECTIVE: Discuss the functional mechanism of treating male infertility with Bushen Shengjing pill (BS). METHOD: Fill the SD rat with adenine so as to injure the germ cell which will produce the model rat with kidney yang deficiency. Measure the activity of SOD and NOS, the amount of NO and MDA in the testicle. RESULT: BS can promote the activity of SOD, reduce the activity of NOS and the amount of NO and MDA. CONCLUSION: BS has the function of protecting the germ cell which is closely related to the function that the pill can promote the activity of SOD, reduce the activity of NOS and the amount of NO and MDA.

Adenine↗

[Investigation and analysis on diagnostic standard for TCM Syndrome Differentiation in 400 patients with climacteric syndrome].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the thinking and method of studying the diagnostic standard for TCM Syndrome Differentiation by means of clinical epidemiological investigation on climacteric syndrome. METHODS: Adopting DME (design measurement evaluation), the field investigation data of 400 patients with climacteric syndrome were statistically managed and analyzed using blind method. The distribution of syndromes, including information of four-diagnosis of various syndromes as well as the laboratory findings in patients were studied using factor analysis and model of structural equation. RESULTS: The Syndrome types of climacteric syndrome were identified as the Gan-Yang exuberance type, the Shen-Yang deficiency type, the Gan-Shen Yin-deficiency type and the Gan-stagnancy injuring Spirit type. CONCLUSION: Thinking of the diagnostic standard study for TCM Syndrome Differentiation is to identify the supposed diagnostic standard of a disease based on retrospective study, to formulate a new hypothetical standard of Syndrome by way of field investigation, category analysis, factor analysis, and critical theory, followed with identification of Syndrome distribution in the disease, its critical syndrome, typical syndrome, complicated syndrome, and criteria for Syndrome Differentiation.

Climacteric↗

[Pathomorphologic changes on 150 chronic atrophic gastritis patients by treatment based on syndrome differentiation].

Xiang-sha Warming (XSW) and Shashen Nourishing Decoction (SSN) were used in treating Yang Deficiency Syndrome (YaDS) and Yin Deficiency Syndrome (YiDS) of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) respectively. 121 cases with Spleen YaDS, and 29 cases with Spleen YiDS were selected. 26 and 30 specimens were taken from gastric mucosa for observation under the SEM and TEM, including 12 and 12 YaDS cases, 14 and 12 Spleen Qi Deficiency cases respectively, 2 cases of YiDS were also observed with TEM. The specimens were taken from the same site of the gastric mucosa directly under the gastroscope pre- and post-treatment. 43 patients (35.6%) with spleen YaDS and 5 cases (17.2%) in Spleen YiDS showed marked effect after 3-month treatment. It showed that the effect in Spleen YaDS was better than YiDS. The XSW was superior than that of SSN. The effects were related to the syndromes and the degrees of pathologic change. This showed that the recipe could somewhat reverse and restore the abnormal glands of gastric mucosa.

Biopsy↗

[Treatment of 100 children with infantile nephrotic syndrome by integrated traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine].

For ten years (1979-1989), 150 cases of infantile nephrotic syndrome were treated by integrated TCM and Western medicine (WM). The WM group (50 cases) was treated by conventional WM drugs (prednisone, CLB, etc) and the TCM-WM group (100 cases) was treated by the above-mentioned WM plus treatment according to Syndrome Differentiation with decoction of Chinese medicinal herbs. Wulin San, Zhenwu Tang and Zhibai Dihuang Tang were selected in treating Spleen-Qi Deficiency distressed by Dampness, both Spleen-Kidney Yang Deficiency and both Liver-Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome respectively. The total effective rate was 100%, and the efficacy of TCM-WM group was higher than that of WM group (P < 0.005). The efficacy of TCM-WM treatment of nephritic nephropathy was far better than that of simple nephropathy (P < 0.05). Also the efficacy of TCM-WM was superior in raising plasma albumin and reducing blood cholesterol than that of WM (P < 0.001). The cellular immunity function and plasma cortisol of TCM-WM group were significantly improved than that of WM, P < 0.01 and 0.001 respectively. The result showed that the curative effect of the TCM-WM group in treating nephrotic syndrome was much better than that of WM alone.

Child↗