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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Teenaged girls, carbonated beverage consumption, and bone fractures.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the possible association between carbonated beverage consumption and bone fractures among teenaged girls given the awareness of the concern about the impact of carbonated beverage consumption on children's health. SETTING: An urban high school. METHODS: A cross-sectional (retrospective) study. Four hundred sixty 9th- and 10th-grade girls attending the high school participated in this study by completing a self-administered questionnaire relating to their physical activities and personal and behavioral practices. The school system and the Harvard School of Public Health Institutional Review Boards approved the study. The girls' self-reports on physical activity, carbonated beverage consumption, and bone fractures are analyzed. RESULTS: In the total sample, carbonated beverage consumption and bone fractures are associated: odds ratio = 3.14 (95% confidence limit, 1.45, 6.78), P = .004. Among physically active girls, the cola beverages, in particular, are highly associated with bone fractures: odds ratio = 4.94 (95% confidence limit, 1.79, 13.62), P = .002. CONCLUSIONS: The results reported confirm previous findings, but the mechanism by which cola drinks are associated with bone fractures in physically active girls has neither been fully explored nor determined. Nevertheless, national concern and alarm about the health impact of carbonated beverage consumption on teenaged girls is supported by the findings of this study. The results have policy implications for improving the dietary practices and health of children.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal bone fractures in children.

Fifty children with temporal bone fractures were treated during a 40-month period. The diagnosis and management of temporal bone fractures in children is reviewed. The author's cases are classified as to longitudinal and transverse fractures, and the figures are presented for age distribution, sex, cause, loss of consciousness, CSF otorrhea, hearing loss, permanent tympanic membrane perforations, and facial nerve involvement. The author has followed a conservative method of management. Permanent impairment was not frequent, although all the patients with transverse fractures suffered total loss of hearing in the involved ear.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Temporal bone fractures. Review of 90 cases.

Of 1,300 consecutive head-injured patients admitted to the hospital over a 20-month time period, 118 were found to have skull fractures, of which 22% involved the temporal bone. These figures form part of a larger study of 90 temporal bone fractures treated over a six-year period from 1975 through 1981. The most common cause of a temporal bone fracture was a motor vehicle accident occurring in 40/90 (44%) patients. Pertinent physical findings, occurring alone or in combination, were a hemotympanum, bleeding from the ear canal, tympanic membrane perforation, facial paralysis, and CSF otorrhea. The diagnosis of temporal bone fractures is best made clinically and radiographically. The early care of temporal bone fractures is directed toward the treatment of CSF otorrhea and immediate onset facial paralysis. The delayed care is primarily concerned with hearing rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

An interspecies comparison of bone fracture properties.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether bone fracture properties change with species (humans, baboon, canine, bovine, and rabbit). A single-layer compact sandwich (SCS) specimen and fractography were employed to evaluate bone fracture properties. In conjunction with measurements of the density and volume fractions of the mineral and organic phases, bone microstructure were also investigated. The results of this study indicate that bone fracture properties vary considerably with species. These differences are most likely due to variations in microstructural and compositional properties of bone (mineral and collagen) between the species. Baboon bone exhibited most similar fracture, microstructural, and compositional properties compared to humans. However, significant differences were found in bone fracture properties between humans and the other three animal species. These differences were reflected either in bone microstructures or compositional properties. This interspecies comparison facilitates a better understanding of animal models and suitable use of the animal models in future bone fracture studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Diagnosis and restitution of nasal bone fracture].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss accurate methods of diagnosis and restitution for nasal bone fracture. METHOD: 280 cases of nasal trauma were examined by lateral x-ray test (horizontal CT-scan was also used in 76 cases of these patients). RESULT: 220 cases were found with bilateral fracture of nasal bone. Unilateral fracture, simple fracture of frontal process of maxilla, compound fracture of nasal bone and frontal process of maxilla, compound fracture of nasal bone, maxilla and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone were seen in 12, 15, 30 and 3 cases respectively. CONCLUSION: X-ray examination can only find bilateral fracture of nasal bone, but CT-scan can demonstrate unilateral fracture, fracture of frontal process of maxilla and fracture of perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone. Restitution with pincers is still a routine therapeutic method for nasal bone fracture at present, and nasal septal reconstruction is necessary when both nasal bone and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone were involved. But for those patients with high-position compound fracture, restitution by directly visual operation through lip-dental-gum approach is the best choice.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Temporal bone fractures.

The diagnosis and monitoring of patients presenting to an emergency department with blunt temporal bone fracture and complications requiring acute management were reviewed for a four-month period. Of 104 trauma patients with closed head injury, 15 patients were diagnosed with temporal bone fracture, 12 of whom survived their injuries. Four patients developed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) otorrhea and two patients developed facial nerve paralysis; all patients had resolution of complications with conservative management. Significant shortcomings in the initial evaluation and monitoring of patients with temporal bone fracture were identified. Specific and thorough facial nerve examinations were not initially conducted on temporal bone fracture patients and subsequent inpatient monitoring for facial nerve paralysis and CSF otorrhea was incomplete. The outcome of temporal bone fracture is discussed. This article reminds the emergency physician of the importance of initial diagnosis and documentation of temporal bone fractures.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMed1992

Temporal bone fractures in children: a review with emphasis on long-term sequelae.

A 10-year retrospective study of pediatric basilar skull fractures identified 120 patients with temporal bone fractures, of which 92 had otolaryngologic and audiologic evaluations. The otologic data provide documentation of the nature, common physical findings, complications, and management of these fractures. The prognosis of hearing impairment in children caused by temporal bone fractures is elucidated, as 76 of the 92 patients were available for long-term follow-up. Close interaction between involved services evaluating and treating pediatric trauma cases is mandatory for optimal patient outcome. A literature review of the presentation, complications, and management of pediatric temporal bone fractures is presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Temporal bone fractures: otic capsule sparing versus otic capsule violating clinical and radiographic considerations.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the practicality and utility of the traditional classification system for temporal bone fracture (transverse vs. longitudinal) in the modern Level I trauma setting and to determine whether a newer system of designation (otic capsule sparing vs. otic capsule violating fracture) is practical from a clinical and radiographic standpoint. METHODS: The University of Massachusetts Medical Center Trauma Registry was reviewed for the years 1995 to 1997. Patients identified as sustaining closed head injury were reviewed for basilar skull fracture and temporal bone fracture. Clinical and radiographic records were evaluated by using the two classification schemes. RESULTS: A total of 2,977 patients were treated at the trauma center during this time. Ninety (3%) patients sustained a temporal bone fracture. The classic characterization of transverse versus longitudinal fracture (20% vs. 80%, respectively) was unable to be determined in this group; therefore, clinical correlation to complications using that paradigm was not possible. By using the otic capsule violating versus sparing designation, an important difference in clinical sequelae and intracranial complications became apparent. Compared with otic capsule sparing fractures, patients with otic capsule violating fractures were approximately two times more likely to develop facial paralysis, four times more likely to develop CSF leak, and seven times more likely to experience profound hearing loss, as well as more likely to sustain intracranial complications including epidural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage. CONCLUSION: The use of a classification system for temporal bone fractures that emphasizes violation or lack of violation of the otic capsule seems to offer the advantage of radiographic utility and stratification of clinical severity, including severity of Glasgow Coma Scale scores and intracranial complications such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and epidural hematoma.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Otorrhea↗
PubMed2002

Diminished callus size and cartilage synthesis in alpha 1 beta 1 integrin-deficient mice during bone fracture healing.

Integrins mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components. Integrin alpha 1 beta 1 is a collagen receptor expressed on many mesenchymal cells, but mice deficient in alpha 1 integrin (alpha1-KO) have no gross structural defects. Here, the regeneration of a fractured long bone was studied in alpha1-KO mice. These mice developed significantly less callus tissue than the wild-type (WT) mice, and safranin staining revealed a defect in cartilage formation. The mRNA levels of nine extracellular matrix genes in calluses were evaluated by Northern blotting. During the first 9 days the mRNA levels of cartilage-related genes, including type II collagen, type IX collagen, and type X collagen, were lower in alpha1-KO mice than in WT mice, consistent with the reduced synthesis of cartilaginous matrix appreciated in tissue sections. Histological observations also suggested a diminished number of chondrocytes in the alpha 1-KO callus. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining revealed a reduction of mesenchymal progenitors at the callus site. Although, the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from WT and alpha 1-KO whole marrow was equal, in cell culture the proliferation rate of the MSCs of alpha 1-KO mice was slower, recapitulating the in vivo observation of reduced callus cell proliferation. The results demonstrate the importance of proper collagen-integrin interaction in fracture healing and suggest that alpha1 integrin plays an essential role in the regulation of MSC proliferation and cartilage production.

Aggrecans↗
PubMed2003

A case of external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm from hyoid bone fracture.

Carotid artery pseudoaneurysms are detected most commonly after acute traumatic injuries to the head and neck. Pseudoaneurysms of the carotid artery are rare after blunt trauma. The most common site of injury occurs in the internal carotid artery with greater than 70 per cent of those injuries resulting from motor vehicle collisions. We report a case of external carotid artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to chronic arterial trauma. The patient presented with a one-week history of left ear pain and a pulsatile left neck mass. Radiologic studies revealed a 2.8-cm neck mass compatible with a pseudoaneurysm of the external carotid artery. Primary repair of the aneurysm was performed. Exploration of the pseudoaneurysm cavity at the time of surgery revealed a fracture of the hyoid bone. We believe this to be the contributing factor to the formation of a pseudoaneurysm in this patient. This is the first reported case of external carotid pseudoaneurysm caused by chronic arterial injury secondary to hyoid bone fracture.

Aneurysm, False↗