Canine nocardiosis due to Nocardia caviae.
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Animals↗
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Results for “ceRNA”
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Carnosine as a protective factor in diabetic nephropathy: association with a leucine repeat of the carnosinase gene CNDP1.
The risk of diabetic nephropathy is partially genetically determined. Diabetic nephropathy is linked to a gene locus on chromosome 18q22.3-q23. We aimed to identify the causative gene on chromosome 18 and to study the mechanism by which the product of this gene could be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. DNA polymorphisms were determined in 135 case (diabetic nephropathy) and 107 control (diabetes without nephropathy) subjects. The effect of carnosine on the production of extracellular matrix components and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) after exposure to 5 and 25 mmol/l d-glucose was studied in cultured human podocytes and mesangial cells, respectively. A trinucleotide repeat in exon 2 of the CNDP1 gene, coding for a leucine repeat in the leader peptide of the carnosinase-1 precursor, was associated with nephropathy. The shortest allelic form (CNDP1 Mannheim) was more common in the absence of nephropathy (P = 0.0028, odds ratio 2.56 [95% CI 1.36-4.84]) and was associated with lower serum carnosinase levels. Carnosine inhibited the increased production of fibronectin and collagen type VI in podocytes and the increased production of TGF-beta in mesangial cells induced by 25 mmol/l glucose. Diabetic patients with the CNDP1 Mannheim variant are less susceptible for nephropathy. Carnosine protects against the adverse effects of high glucose levels on renal cells.
Aged↗
Rapid HPLC analysis of dietary phytoestrogens from legumes and from human urine.
Due to growing evidence suggesting that phytoestrogens might protect against various cancers, particularly against breast and prostate cancer, it is important to measure the exposure of populations to these compounds by determining levels in food and in human tissue or body fluids to assess the possible cancer protective properties of these agents. Therefore, we developed a simple and fast procedure to extract and simultaneously hydrolyze phytoestrogens and their conjugates from food items, and present a fast and selective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for precise determinations of the most common dietary phytoestrogens genistein, biochanin-A, daidzein, formononetin, and coumestrol using flavone as internal standard. For the first time HPLC was applied to measure these phytoestrogens and their most abundant metabolites equol and O-desmethyl-angolensin from human urine. The proposed methodology has been evaluated for losses due to thermal degradation during extraction and hydrolysis and due to sample handling during the entire work-up including solid phase extraction, and values are given for inter- and intra-assay variability. We present isoflavonoid levels of most common peas and beans used in "western" and "eastern" diets and compare isoflavonoid and coumestrol levels of raw, canned, and cooked foods which can be used in future epidemiological studies. We also determined human urinary levels with our methodology comparing values before and after soybean intake.
Chromans↗
Single multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect diverse loci associated with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli.
We developed and tested a single multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that detects enterotoxigenic, enteropathogenic, enteroinvasive, and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. This PCR is specific, sensitive, and rapid in detecting target isolates in stool and food. Because of its simplicity, economy, and efficiency, this protocol warrants further evaluation in large, prospective studies of polymicrobial substances.
DNA Primers↗
Drug-resistant diarrheogenic Escherichia coli, Mexico.
Diarrheogenic Escherichia coli isolates from 45 (73%) of 62 hospitalized patients were resistant to common antimicrobial drugs. Sixty-two percent were multidrug resistant, and >70% were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin. Ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime were uniformly active. Effective and safe oral agents are needed to treat children with bacterial diarrhea.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Surgical corrections of endovascular aneurysms: repair complications.
The authors describe their experience with the use of 21 open surgical corrections after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair, reporting the frequency, type and outcome of these procedures in their group of 165 patients treated during a 10-year period.
Aged↗
Access sites to vascular system for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysms repair.
The authors describe their experience with access sites for endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in a group of 165 patients treated over a 10-year period.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
Conversion to open surgery after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysms repair.
The authors describe experience with conversions to open surgery after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair and evaluate the frequency, causes and results of a total of 7 cases in their series of 165 patients treated over a 10-year period.
Aged, 80 and over↗
Axillofemoral fistula for hemodialysis access.
The authors describe the technique of axillo-femoral arteriovenous prosthesis interposition and evaluate their experience with this non-conventional access for hemodialysis.
Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
St. Louis encephalitis and the substantia nigra: MR imaging evaluation.
Neuroimaging findings in cases of St. Louis encephalitis (StLE) have yet to be reported despite the relatively high frequency of this entity. An epidemic permitted the documentation of isolated hyperintensity of the substantia nigra on T2-weighted images in two patients with StLE. This distribution of MR imaging abnormality in cases of StLE mirrors the reports presented in the literature that implicate the substantia nigra as peculiarly susceptible to the StLE virus. Isolated lesions of the substantia nigra revealed by T2-weighted imaging should suggest the possibility of StLE.
Adult↗
[The treatment of rectorrhagia secondary to postradiation proctitis with 4% formalin].
Radiation proctitis is a common complication of radiotherapy for pelvic malignancies. In the chronic form it might lead to intractable or massive hemorrhage unresponsive to conventional therapy. In these cases surgery is associated with a high morbidity. Seven female patients previously treated with external beam radiation for carcinoma of the uterus and cervix were included. They had required multiple blood transfusions (median 2), and still had low hemoglobin rates and active hemorrhagic radiation proctitis, were treated. Therapy was accomplished by direct application of gauzes soaked in 4% formalin through the rigid sigmoidoscope or the Pratt anoscope, with the patients under peridural anesthesia. Gauzes were laid in contact with the hemorrhagic surface during 4 minutes and repeated until the bleeding ceased (median total exposure time was 26 minutes). Bleeding ceased immediately in 6 patients, one continued with minor bleeding after formalin treatment, two patients had fever during the first 24 hours which was controlled with physical measures, three patients required repeat formalin application (in external bases), after that six patients had no further bleeding nor was any blood transfusion needed, one patient presented unsuspected sigmoid bleeding stenosis. The formalin therapy is an effective, safe, simple and inexpensive treatment for rectal bleeding caused by radiation proctitis.
Administration, Rectal↗
[Aortic coarctation. Indications and results of surgical treatment. 16 years of experience].
Eighty-nine patients were treated surgically for coarctation of the aorta in a period of 16 years. In 79, the operative procedure consisted of excision of the coarcted segment and primary anastomosis; in 7 cases of hypoplastic arch and in 3 of aneurysm of the aorta, some form of aortoplasty utilizing the isthmus and the subclavian artery, or the use of a dacron prosthesis were required. In a group of 33 patients under 2 years, 76% had associated cardiac anomalies and 100% heart failure, which made immediate surgical treatment mandatory with a mortality of 42% and a recoarctation rate of 10.5%. Out of 56 cases over 2 years, 46% had other cardiac malformations; however, a less severe clinical conditions allowed for an elective operation, with a mortality of 1.8% and a recoarctation rate of 1.8%. This experience and the review of the literature support the concept of elective surgical treatment for coarctation of the aorta around the age of 4 years, prior to the occurrence of hypertension or its complications. In the neonate and infant, surgery is justified in the presence of heart failure non-responsive to medical treatment within 24 to 48 hours. A deeper understanding of the pathophysiology of the malformation in the very young and a better perioperative management of neonates, have led to a decline in mortality in recent years.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
[Surgical correction of Fallot's tetralogy].
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Adolescent↗
Massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage as a perinatology problem, role of ABO fetomaternal compatibility--case studies.
BACKGROUND: Massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage is not simply a problem of possible alloimunization in Rh incompatibility but also endangers the fetus (newborn) by massive anemization. Bleeding from placental vessels can occur after small trauma to the gravid uterus with mild or no clinical signs (bleeding or spotting, pain, hypertonus). The rupture of anchoring villi related to early uterine contractions is also possible. In the case of slow blood loss, the fetus reacts by adequate or inadequate compensatory reactions (hydrops fetus). Rapid and massive blood loss is followed by perinatal hypoxic damage and finally death. Our goal was to map out the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in regard to specific neonatal care. CASE REPORT: We evaluated four cases of fetomaternal transfusion during a 2-year period with special regard to postpartum adaptation of the newborn and the perinatal outcome. The incidence of adverse outcomes following massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage was 50% (2 of 4). There was one perinatal death and one infant was affected by spastic quadriplegia. CONCLUSIONS: For diagnosis, it is possible to use cardiotocography (decreased variability, sinusoid pattern), ultrasound (biophysical profile) and special hematological tests for quantitative determination of fetal erythrocytes in the maternal blood. For the treatment of such cases one should consider premature termination of pregnancy or intraumbilical transfusion.
Adult↗
[Screening of cervix uteri cancer in female health workers. Comparative analysis of insured individuals].
OBJECTIVE: To compare epidemiological characteristics and proportion of participation in a cervical cancer screening program in both, health-care professionals and insured on a health institute's women (Group A and Group B respectively). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Through questionnaires applied to both healthcare professionals and insured on a health institute's women (n = 96 for each group) randomly selected, a cross-sectional study was performed. To analyze the results, Yates' correction for continuity, was used. RESULTS: The characteristics from A and B groups were respectively: age 35 +/- 10 vs. 41 +/- 5 years (p < 0.001), years of scholarship: 8.3 +/- 5 vs. 12.0 +/- 1 (p < 0.001), frequency of screening test in the last two years: 1.2 +/- 0.4 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.1 (p < 0.001), time elapsed from the last test: 13.6 +/- 15 vs. 12.2 +/- 13 months (p = 0.52), attendance to screening test 55 (57%) vs. 72 (75%), (p < 0.001). Reasons for not attendance to screening test were indolence 13 (14%) vs. 13 (14%) and not enough time 7 (7%) vs. 2 (2%) by both groups, A and B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of attendance to cervical cancer screening is higher in health-care professionals than in insured on a health institute's women. The causes for not attendance to screening are the same in both groups.
Adolescent↗
Novel mutations in a boy with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase deficiency.
BACKGROUND: Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) deficiency is a rare cause of primary lactic acidosis in infancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This article presents the results of biochemical and molecular analyses and metabolic response to treatment procedures in a 10-week old boy presenting with vomiting, progressive hypotonia, lactic acidosis (pH 7.04; BE - 20; B-lactate 6.6 mmol/l, controls <2.1; CSF-lactate 4.8 mmol/l, controls <2.0), increased levels of branched chain amino acids in blood, and increased urinary excretion of branched chain oxo-acids due to DLD deficiency. RESULTS: DLD activity was less than 5% of control values in lymphocytes, muscle mitochondria and fibroblasts. Western blot analysis in muscle tissue showed a decrease in the quantity of DLD protein to 40% in comparison to control. A high-fat, low-protein diet supplemented with MCT oils and sodium dichloroacetate resulted in normalization of lactate, amino acids and organic acids in body fluids, but there was no improvement in psychomotor development. Novel heterozygous mutations were found in the DLD gene: A1081G and G1123A. Both mutations affect the same region of the binding site for FAD. The G1123A mutation, resulting in the substitution of Glu 375 > Lys, breaks down the possible interaction of glutamic acid with neighboring lysine and causes electrostatic and steric repulsion, which is likely to destabilize structure in this part of the protein. In case of the A1081G mutation, resulting in substitution of Met 361 > Val, no important intermolecular interactions are broken and the reason for destabilization of the protein is not as clear. CONCLUSIONS: The prognosis for children with DLD deficiency is unfavorable, although long-term normalization of most metabolites in body fluids may be achieved with the proper diet and the administration of sodium dichloroacetate.
Acidosis, Lactic↗
Efficient induction of apoptosis by ONYX-015 adenovirus in human colon cancer cell lines regardless of p53 status.
The ONYX-015 virus is a mutated adenovirus that in theory selectively replicates and induces cytolysis in tumor cells lacking functional p53. The present study investigated whether ONYX-015 viral infection alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents could significantly increase apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines, regardless of p53 status, compared to untreated cells. A pair of colon cancer cell lines that differ only in their p53 status (RKO with wild-type p53 and RKOp53 with deficient p53) was tested. Two chemotherapeutic agents, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and CPT-11, were tested in combination with ONYX-015. Final concentrations of these agents corresponded to peak plasma levels achievable in patients. ONYX-015 concentration was 10 p.f.u./cell. In RKO and RKOp53 cell lines, ONYX-015 viral infection alone or in combination with 5-FU or CPT-11 induced a significant increase in apoptosis compared to chemotherapeutic agents alone, regardless of p53 status. Moreover, the combination of ONYX-015 and chemotherapeutics induced more apoptosis than chemotherapeutics alone in the two colon cancer cell lines independently of their p53 status. We conclude that ONYX-015 virus infection alone or in combination with 5-FU or CPT-11 induced apoptosis in human colon cancer cell lines, independently of p53 status.
Adenoviridae↗
[Health sector reform in Colombia and its effects on tuberculosis control and immunization programs].
This paper analyzes the effects of health reform in Colombia on public health programs at the local level, particularly the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and the tuberculosis control program. The research was developed in three health districts in two States by analysis of documents, direct observation, and longitudinal follow-up of the transition process. The health districts were unprepared for the change, resulting in insufficient technical skills among staff as well as lack of awareness of important elements in the new system, associated with a reduction in immunization coverage and tuberculosis case detection. Structural problems in the new system included loss of immunization opportunities and lack of examination of tuberculosis contacts. The potentialities of the new system were the local development of a new organizational structure and the improvement of the information system; a limiting factor was exposure of the health system to local political interests. The general conclusion is that the transition period takes far longer than anticipated and requires a much greater information flow to both the local level and the community. There are transitory but also structural maladjustments that require a political response.
Colombia↗