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Results for “construct validity”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Construction and validation of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS).

The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), an observational assessment scale, was constructed to measure gross motor maturation in infants from birth through independent walking. Based upon the literature, 58 items were generated and organized into four positions: prone, supine, sitting and standing. Each item describes three aspects of motor performance--weight-bearing, posture and antigravity movements. Content validation of the instrument was accomplished through a mail survey of Canadian pediatric physical therapists and consultation with an international panel of experts. Five hundred and six infants, age-stratified from birth through 18 months, participated in the reliability and validity testing of the AIMS. In addition, 20 infants who were experiencing abnormal motor development and 50 infants at risk for motor disorders were assessed and compared with the results of the full-term sample. Results to be presented include: 1) test-retest and inter-rater reliability estimates; 2) correlations between the AIMS and the Bayley and Peabody motor scores; and 3) scaling of the items along the age continuum for normal motor development.

Child Development↗

PubMed1990

Developing a test of knowledge of surgical options for breast cancer.

Because many women now have a choice regarding the type of surgery they prefer for early stage breast cancer, it is important for clinicians to provide comprehensive information about these options and to determine whether patients have understood this information. The purpose of this study was to develop a short, easily administered, valid and reliable test of women's knowledge of surgical treatment options for early stage breast cancer. Instrument development was carried out in two phases: (a) content domains were established and items were generated and examined for content validity and clarity; and (b) the known-groups technique was used to determine construct validity and to generate data for reliability testing. The test was administered to 44 student nurses, 21 women with breast cancer, and 24 practicing nurses. An 18-item test--the BCIT-R (Breast Cancer Information Test-Revised)--with modest internal consistency and very good construct validity resulted from these steps. Nurses scored significantly better than either students or patients. The instrument is discussed in terms of psychometric issues and clinical use.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Validation of a patient satisfaction system in the United Kingdom.

This paper describes the results from a study to assess the validity of a patient satisfaction system used extensively in the United Kingdom. The study involved over 700 interviews with patients. The face, content, discriminant and construct validity have been tested. The discriminant and construct validity were judged to be satisfactory and there was some evidence of face validity. The results suggest that this system has the ability to reveal differences in satisfaction between hospitals. The findings from the study are being used to modify the questionnaire design in order to improve the system's ability to indicate which aspects of the service require improvement.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

An analysis of the validity of the three-mile run as a field test of aerobic capacity in college males.

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the concurrent and construct validity of the three-mile (4.83 km) run as a field test of aerobic capacity. Subjects included 109 college-aged males whose three-mile run time (M = 1310.31 +/- 184.48 s) was measured. Fifty of the subjects were given a maximal treadmill stress test, and their peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) (M = 54.23 +/- 7.08 ml.kg-1.min-1) was measured. The three-mile run was conducted on an outdoor 0.25 mile (0.425 km) track, and split times were recorded each 110 yds (100.32 m) for the first and last laps and total time was recorded for laps 2 through 11. The correlation coefficient between the run time and VO2peak was -.58, indicating only moderate concurrent validity for the run as a field test for aerobic capacity. A factor analysis conducted on the split time data revealed a three-factor structure of a stable pace phase, an initial sprint, and a final sprint with the stable pace factor accounting for most of the common factor variance (69%). The three-mile run time was used to discriminate successfully between two known groups of subjects in aerobic capacity. These data provide a degree of support for the construct validity of the three-mile run as a field test of aerobic capacity.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Spanish version of the Nottingham Health Profile: translation and preliminary validity.

We report the transfer into Spanish of a multi-dimensional measure of perceived health originally developed in Great Britain, the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), and an assessment of the preliminary validity of the version is presented. Translation of the questionnaire was obtained from experts and from a Spanish monolingual lay group. Construct validity of the version was assessed in two studies: testing relationship of NHP scores to other self-reported measures of health in a general population survey; and comparing NHP scores for a group of frequent users and for a group of non-users of primary health services. Mean scores of NHP dimensions were higher for people with poorer self-reported health and higher for the frequent health services users than for the non-users. Findings suggest that the Spanish version of the NHP is culturally equivalent to the original questionnaire, and has a similar level of construct validity. Nevertheless, further research on reliability and on the weighting system is required to establish the equivalence of the Spanish version definitively.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

Factorial validity of the EE scales.

High 'expressed emotion' (EE) has been held to be predictive of a poor course in patients with schizophrenia, a finding that has emphasized the predictive validity of the EE measure. We review appropriate research examining properties of the EE measure to suggest that, in particular, little is known about the construct validity of the EE measure. We report a longitudinal study examining three measures of parental style (EE; Parental Bonding Instrument or PBI; and interviewer ratings). By comparing EE scale scores with ratings derived by an interviewer we find support for the accuracy of the process generating EE scale scores, and by factor analytic techniques we examine the factorial (construct) validity of the EE scales. A principal components analysis suggested two other dimensions of relevance in parents involved with a schizophrenic member (vigilance, and acceptance of illness in their child) which may be of value in predictive studies. We examined the capacity of interviewer-generated scores (as a simple clinical rating) and factor scores (as central constructs) to predict the course, and were unable to discriminate 'relapsers' and 'non-relapsers' with either predictor.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

EPM-ROM Scale: an evaluative instrument to be used in rheumatoid arthritis trials.

Different tools are available for the measurement of functional status; however, only a few of them are based on the evaluation of the joint range of motion (ROM). This study is aimed at the design and evaluation of the measurement properties of a ROM scale to be used as an evaluative instrument in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) trials. The EPM-ROM Scale evaluates 10 distinct movements of the small and large joints. The score of each joint varies from 0 (full movement) to 3 (severe limitation) and the cut-off degrees of motion are, in general, based on the lack of ability to perform some determined activities of daily living. The test-retest characteristic of the scale was assessed by administering the scale twice, 5 days apart, to 35 RA patients. The product moment correlation was 0.775 (P less than 0.001). The cross-sectional construct validity of the scale was assessed by the concomitant scoring of the EPM-ROM Scale and the functional ability dimension of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (a reliable, valid and responsive instrument) in these patients. The product moment correlation was 0.518 (P less than 0.001). The evaluation of its longitudinal construct validity and responsiveness are now in progress.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of the PRQ85 social support measure for adolescents.

The purposes of this study were to factor analyze the 25-item Personal Resource Questionnaire (PRQ) 85-Part II, a social support measure, and to establish construct validity for the instrument among adolescents by testing two hypotheses derived from theoretical propositions by Weiss (1974) concerning the relational provisions of social support. The purposes were accomplished using a sample of 325 adolescents, aged 12 to 21. According to the criteria used in this study, a four-factor structure, resulting from a principal components analysis with an oblique rotation, best represented the multidimensionality of the PRQ85-Part II in adolescents. A second-order factor analysis indicated that the four first-order factors correlated to form one factor, which consisted of 17 items and was labeled Perceived Social Support. Evidence in support of construct validity for both the 17-item and 25-item PRQ85-Part II was provided by statistically significant correlations found between the two scales and the theoretically relevant variables of perceived health status and symptom patterns. The contributions of this study to the psychometric properties of the PRQ85-Part II can be used in future research concerning social support in adolescents.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

An on-site test battery to evaluate giant slalom skiing performance.

The purpose of this study was to determine if an on-site test battery would distinguish among three levels of giant slalom skiing ability. The test battery consisted of a 20-m shuttle run test, Wingate 60s cycling test, hexagonal obstacle test, high box test, double leg jumping test and vertical jump test. These tests were selected since previous studies have identified aerobic endurance, anaerobic endurance, power and agility as important components for Alpine skiers. Both construct validity and criterion related validity of the test battery were examined using data from 11 club skiers, 14 divisional level skiers, and 9 provincial level skiers. To establish construct validity, univariate F tests examined differences among the three levels of skiers. Significant (P less than 0.05) differences were found between the club skiers and the better skiers (divisional and provincial level) for the following test variables: peak power, mean power, and post-exercise lactate for a 60s Wingate cycle ergometer test, high box test, hexagonal obstacle test, double leg jumping test, and shuttle run test. Criterion related validity was established since there were significant correlations between giant slalom performance time and the hexagonal obstacle test (r = 0.82), high box test (r = -0.80), and double leg jumping (r = -0.86). These data illustrate that an on-site test battery can be used to distinguish among giant slalom Alpine skiers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Evaluating the clinical skills of foreign medical school graduates participating in an internship preparation program.

In the fall of 1986, the Ministry of Health of the province of Ontario, Canada, implemented a special 36-week internship preparation program for graduates of foreign medical schools. The program accepts 24 candidates per year and is offered at the five Ontario medical schools. At the time of this study, two cohorts of participants had completed the program. As part of the evaluation process, each participant was administered a battery of the same Objective Structured Clinical Examination-type test stations, prior to and on completion of the pre-internship experience. Repeating the same examination permitted investigation of the predictive and construct validities of the clinical skills tests, as well as the stability of the validity and high reliability estimates that emerged from the testing of the first cohort. The results provide convincing evidence of the testing approach's predictive and construct validity and reliability.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1992

Learning style and personality type.

To investigate the relations between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Gregorc Style Delineator and to examine the construct validity of the Style Delineator, 41 undergraduate students preparing to be teachers were given both tests. Observed differences in learning styles by personality type partially support the construct validity of the Style Delineator. Judging individuals (n = 25) tended to perceive themselves as concrete sequential thinkers as opposed to perceptive individuals (n = 16) who thought of themselves as concrete random thinkers. Feeling types (n = 29) tended to prefer random modes of thinking.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of Type A behavior in preschoolers.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Matthews Youth Test of Health (MYTH) and its subscales of Hostility, Competitiveness, Impatience, and Leadership when used with preschoolers. The MYTH was completed by 13 teachers on 155 preschool children in a cross-sectional study and on sub-samples of this original group who were followed during a 2-year longitudinal study. These results were used to investigate internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the MYTH. Construct validity was evaluated by factor analysis as well as by examining the relationship of the MYTH scale and its subscales to cardiovascular reactivity, self-esteem, and locus of control. Construct validity was further assessed by testing for a predicted difference between boys and girls on the MYTH.

Blood Pressure↗

PubMed1991

Patient satisfaction with hospital services: development and testing of a measuring instrument.

The present study was undertaken with the aim of developing and testing an instrument that could be used to measure patient satisfaction with hospital services in Kuwait. The instrument, which comprised 57 items, and measured satisfaction with 7 specific dimensions of hospital services, was administered to 493 patients using the interview technique. Statistical analysis showed that the instrument yields good response variability. Reliability of the instrument, measured in terms of the internal consistency coefficient alpha, exceeded the acceptable criterion level, the coefficients ranging between 0.73 and 0.86. Evidence of the construct validity of the instrument was found in significant positive correlation between the dimension specific satisfaction scale scores and scores for allegiance scale and for overall rating of quality of hospital services. Construct validity was further supported by convergent discriminant analysis, which showed that correlations between items of all 7 scales and their total scale scores were greater than correlations between scale items and the total scores of scales they do not represent. Analysis of an open-ended question about dissatisfying aspects of hospital services not included on the interview was undertaken to examine the instrument's content validity. Results indicated that patients identified 11 items, 8 of which were identified more than once, and 2 of which were not classifiable to the 7 dimensions assessed by the instrument. It was suggested to add the 8 items that were identified more than once, and to reassess the reliability and validity of the revised instrument. Assessment of the test-retest reliability, by comparing scale scores over time, was also suggested.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMed1989

The Family Relationship Index: validity data.

The Family Relationship Index (FRI) is a self-report measure that provides an overall index of the quality of the family environment, as well as subscores that reflect family cohesion, expressiveness, and conflict. The current study is based on 53 families who had approached a family service agency for counseling and who had completed an FRI measure prior to intake. The construct validity of the FRI scores was evaluated by comparing them to measures of family functioning provided by experienced family therapists as part of the intake process. Support for the construct validity of the composite index and two of the subscores, Family Cohesion and Family Conflict, was obtained.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Development of control-of-outcome scales and self-efficacy scales for women in four life roles.

Scales to measure control-of-outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies based on social comparisons were developed for adult females in the four life roles of occupation, parenting, marriage, and economic management. Internal consistency and construct validity of the scales were examined in two studies. Internal consistency estimates of six of the eight scales exceeded .70. A factor analysis within each role supported the distinction between control-of-outcome expectancies and self-efficacy expectancies. Construct validity was supported by finding the hypothesized relations between the developed scales and standard measures of self-esteem, depression,and locus of control. As hypothesized, the developed scales accounted for unique portions of the variance in role-specific coping orientation and role stress. Specifically, control-of-outcome expectancies predicted active or passive coping orientation in the personal roles of parenting and marriage. It was concluded that the developed scales might have utility for understanding coping and experienced stress in various life roles.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire: commentary on the Marks-Chara debate.

The purpose of this article is to comment on a recent debate between Chara and Marks over the construct validity of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ). Following a description of their positions, it is argued that, although some of Chara's logical criticisms merit attention, much of his empirical work is methodologically unsound. However, in view of the nature of construct validity itself, it is also suggested that Marks ought to specify more clearly his concept of imagery vividness so critical experimental predictions can be made.

Arousal↗

PubMed2026

Construction and validation of a β-hydroxybutyrylation-related molecular model for predicting prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) usually has a favorable prognosis, yet a subset of patients develops persistent, recurrent, or biologically aggressive disease. The clinical relevance of lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb)-related transcriptional programs in PTC remains unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to characterize Kbhb-related molecular heterogeneity in PTC, construct a prognostic signature, and explore its association with the tumor microenvironment (TME). METHODS: Transcriptomic and clinical data from PTC samples within The Cancer Genome Atlas Thyroid Carcinoma (TCGA-THCA) cohort were analyzed to identify Kbhb-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs), define molecular subtypes, construct a prognostic signature, and characterize tumor microenvironmental features. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data from PTC were further used to explore the cellular distribution of representative genes. RESULTS: We identified 51 Kbhb-related DEGs in PTC and defined two Kbhb molecular subtypes. The Kbhb_C2 subtype showed shorter progression-free interval (PFI) and a more immune- and stroma-enriched microenvironment. A six-gene prognostic signature comprising TARID, CDSN, PIMREG, KLRC1, SYT13, and NPR3 was then established. High-risk patients had significantly worse PFI in the full, training, and testing cohorts, with 1-, 3-, and 5-year areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.715, 0.793, and 0.771, respectively, in the full cohort. High-risk tumors also exhibited higher stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores, altered immune infiltration, and increased expression of multiple immune checkpoint molecules. Single-cell analysis confirmed distinct cell-type-specific expression patterns of representative genes. CONCLUSIONS: Kbhb-related transcriptional programs define clinically relevant molecular heterogeneity in PTC and are closely associated with prognosis and TME remodeling. The identified six-gene signature provides a biologically interpretable framework for risk stratification in PTC.

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC)↗

PubMed1989

Measurement of spiritual well-being: a hospice caregiver sample.

This is a methodological study designed to assess the reliability and validity of Paloutzian and Ellison's (1982) Spiritual Well-being Scale. The scale was administered to 70 family members caring for a terminally ill relative. The 20 item measure yields three scores: spiritual well-being (overall score), existential well-being and religious well-being (overall score), existential well-being and religious well-being. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were .95, .94, and .84 respectively. Construct validity of the measure is discussed in relation to Bradburn's Affect Balance Scale, qualitative data obtained during the interviews and a review of relevant literature related to spiritual well-being. Evidence in support of construct validity of the Spiritual Well-being Scale is lacking.

Aged↗