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PubMed1997

UK National Transplant Database retransplantation in the UK and Republic of Ireland, 1987-1996. UKTSSA National Transplant Database.

At the end of 1996, 1,635 kidney, 17 liver and 24 cardiothoracic recipients were registered on the UK and Republic of Ireland national transplant waiting list to receive a second or subsequent transplant. These patients represented 20%, 9% and 4% of the total separate waiting lists, respectively. This clearly demonstrates a continuing requirement for retransplantation. A study of the characteristics of first and retransplant recipients and their donors shows that retransplant recipients tend to be younger and in the case of liver and heart/lung transplants are less likely to be male. Survival of liver regrafts is significantly worse than first transplant survival. Multifactorial analysis of the factors affecting the outcome of kidney retransplants showed outcome to be associated with the survival time of the first transplant. In the case of kidney transplantation, the younger and the better matched recipients selected for retransplant may at least partially explain the comparable one-year transplant survival estimates for first and retransplants of 81% and 78%, respectively, for the 1986-1993 dataset of 23 centers.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of a database of patients supported by ventricular assist devices.

An increase in the number of patients with end stage heart failure is leading to increased use of ventricular assist devices (VAD). However, sometimes the optimal time point for implantation of left ventricular or biventricular support remains unclear. Data analysis using an electronic database may help to make the decision making process more precise and thus improve outcome. However, it is not easy to find a balance between sufficient comprehensiveness of the data, which are selected from a huge amount of available information, and practicability of database maintenance and data analysis. We developed the Assist Database based on Access for Windows. The Assist Database consists of five main parts: (1) demographic and admission data, diagnosis, goal, and type of VAD; (2) preoperative period; (3) postoperative period up to 30 days; (4) follow-up period; and (5) statistical evaluation. The preoperative and postoperative parts include hemodynamic data; ventilatory support; laboratory results; results from echocardiographic, neurologic, pathologic, and other examinations; medication; and complications. The follow-up part documents readmissions, complications, and outcome. From April 1987 to October 2002, eight different types of VAD were implanted in 654 patients in our institution. Their data were retrospectively added to the Assist Database using medical records and different previously used electronic databases. Since the Assist Database came into routine use, it has been supplied daily with selected data of current patients. On the data entry level, the data arising from medical records are entered either manually via standard forms or automatically from other electronic documentation systems used in our hospital in routine patient care to collect laboratory results, demographic data, blood transfusion data, and operative data and from electronic patient charts via interfaces. The structure of the database is designed to facilitate the data analysis level. The database presented is one of three databases united to form a network. The structure of the Assist Database facilitates comprehensive, time saving data collection, which allows different online data analyses. These analyses may affect the decision making process and thus improve outcome. However, achieving a balance between the volume of available information, the time consumed, and the relevance of the data for further analysis remains difficult. The Assist Database should include information relevant for the decision making process and for the prediction of outcome. In particular, data collection should be focused on patients' preoperative condition and on postoperative organ function and quality of life. Further, different databases (for patients with congestive heart failure, assist device patients, and transplanted patients) should be unified to form a network to avoid the repeated collection of identical data, to save time, and to increase the quality of analysis. In the long-term, multicenter use of the Assist Database could be considered.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1998

A metadata approach to query interoperation between molecular biology databases.

MOTIVATION: Molecular biology databases have been proliferating rapidly. Their heterogeneity and complexity pose a great challenge to efforts in database interoperation. To minimize the efforts of interoperating heterogeneous databases, it is useful to develop a system that lets a user of a particular genomic database access another related database as if the latter is structurally similar to the former. RESULTS: We extend a structurally simple model-the entity-attribute-value (EAV) model-to describe uniformly metadata relating to individual databases. Such metadata, which are necessary for performing database comparisons, include descriptions of primitive database objects (including entities, attributes, domain values and entity relationships) and specification of correspondences among the database objects. We show how to decompose SQL queries and map them from one database to another based on the EAV representation of the basic database objects. A prototype system is implemented to demonstrate query interoperation between two chromosome map databases. AVAILABILITY: Freely available (Cold Fusion source code and an Access database containing the mapping knowledge) upon request from the author. CONTACT: kei.cheung@yale.edu

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed2001

The development of a prototype database for the voluntary reporting of occupational exposure data on chemicals.

A prototype occupational exposure database was developed as part of a study to retrospectively collect chemical exposure data from U.K. industry. The data dictionary for the database was constructed using existing recommendations on core data elements developed by working groups from the ACGIH and the European Union. The study also made use of existing job and workplace coding schemes. The practicalities of gathering the data by voluntary donation, its storage in a database, and the transfer of suitably anonymised data to the U.K. Health and Safety Executive's National Exposure Database system were investigated and assessed. Prior to the development, several existing exposure database systems were evaluated for their suitability to store the data from the study. Though of high quality, these were found to be insufficiently flexible for the diversity of datasets encountered and so the prototype exposure database was constructed using a leading database development package. The database was successfully used to gather data and forward it in a suitable format to the U.K. Health and Safety Executive. The published recommendations on occupational exposure databases and the associated coding schemes provided a very useful foundation for designing and implementing the prototype database. However, as data collection proceeded it became clear that the existing recommendations often were poorly understood and misinterpreted, or at least interpreted differently, by different database designers, data collectors, and other users of occupational exposure data. It is suggested that several items in the ACGIH and European Union core recommendations are ambiguous and need to be clarified. Once agreed, the improved database design criteria need to be widely promoted to foster a common understanding and to encourage their use by all those involved in collecting occupational exposure data. Beyond this, recommendations for exposure databases should be augmented to facilitate easy exchange of data between organizations.

Databases, Factual↗
PubMed1996

A protein class database organized with ProSite protein groups and PIR superfamilies.

A protein class (ProClass) database is developed as a "value-added" "second-generation" database organized according to family relationships. The database collects non-redundant protein sequence entries from SwissProt and PIR databases, and classifies them in families defined collectively by the ProSite protein groups and PIR superfamilies. The major objectives of the database are to maximize family information retrieval, to provide speedy family identification, and to help organizing existing protein sequence databases. The database has two sub-databases: PCFam (ProClass Family) to define protein families and provide links to ProSite patterns and PIR superfamilies, and PCSeq (ProClass Sequence) to describe sequence entries and provide links to PCFam, SwissProt, PIR, and ProSite databases. The current ProClass release has a total of 85,165 sequence entries, about half of which are classified in 3072 ProClass families; it also contains 10,431 newly established SwissProt-PIR links. The database can help reveal domain structures of related families, define new ProSite and PIR families, and provide family assignments for unclassified sequence entries. New ProSite and PIR family members are readily identified via database cross-reference, including 9437 SwissProt entries and 8522 PIR entries. False negative family members missed by both ProSite and PIR are detected using a neural network family identification system. The newly identified superfamily memberships are being incorporated into the current PIR database releases in a collaborative effort with the PIR. The ProClass database is accessible through anonymous FTP and on-line search on the World Wide Web.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

[A study of forensic DNA databases].

OBJECTIVE: The forensic DNA databases are very important for individual identification. In order to evaluate the genetic markers used for a forensic DNA databases and the compatibility between the manual DNA typing system and the automatic DNA typing system, a testing DNA database should be constructed. Also, constructing a testing DNA database can increase our understanding of the issue for forensic DNA databases. METHODS: A total of 1000 specimens, including samples of blood, blood stains, salvia stains, semen stains, mixture stains and muscle tissues, were collected from the public security bureau of Chengdu. The DNA of each specimen was extracted by Chelex method and analyzed using Amp-FLP technique. A total of 8 STR loci, including D3S1358, D9S1118, vWA, D5S818, D16S539, D8S1179, CSF1PO and D20S161 were chosen and employed for DNA typing. Each STR locus was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction PCR and the PCR products were typed with the polyacryamide gel electrophoresis. Typing DNA was carried out by comparing with a human allele ladder. A total of 8 human allele ladders for D3S1358, D9S1118, vWA, D5S818, D16S539, D8S1179, CSF1PO and D20S161 were made in-house. Managing software of the testing DNA database was designed using Microsoft Access. RESULTS: The results of DNA typing in 1000 specimens showed that the total discrimination power of 8 STR loci was over 0.99999999. CONCLUSION: This study show that a forensic DNA database should be useful for search purpose. The total discrimination power over 0.99999999 imply that in principle there is no identical genotype at whole 8 STR loci between two persons from a population with 10000000 individuals. This means that 8 STR loci used in this study are suitable to construct forensic DNA databases in Chengdu of China. The result of DNA typing can be repeated and the data have compatibility between the manual DNA typing system and the automatic DNA typing system. The data search in our testing DNA database can be carried out using only some loci of the set of 8 STR markers. Also, the volume of our testing DNA databases could be enlarged easily. The implication from this study is that the legislation should not be negligent before establishing a forensic DNA database. This DNA database provides a model for establishing the forensic DNA databases in China.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Published Database Resources for Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine: Update of a Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND: Traditional, Complementary, and Integrative Medicine (TCIM) has been established in the academic context of universities. In recent years, strategies have been developed worldwide to strengthen the role of TCIM in supporting the health of the population. Online databases are a common way for obtaining evidence-based information. This article is an update of a former systematic review from 2010 on published databases resources for TCIM. METHODS: The databases CINAHL, CAMbase, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine were searched for databases related to TCIM published in peer-reviewed journals between 2010 and November 2024. All included databases were visited online, and information on the origin, content, and scope of the database was extracted. RESULTS: A total of 6579 articles were identified through the literature search. After exclusion of irrelevant articles, full-text screening of 127 articles yielded 37 new databases. Together with 16 still available old databases, these mainly contained information on herbal therapies (n = 15) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (n = 11) from 18 different countries. Newly identified medicinal plant databases offer various scientific resources such as crude drugs, indigenous plants, and structures for natural and phytochemical components with molecular biological content. CONCLUSIONS: This literature review illustrates the dynamic development in the database landscape over the last 15 years. While the number of bibliographic databases is shrinking, databases in the field of medical plants/herbal therapy content are on the rise, which might be due to advances in plant genomics and molecular biology.

Humans↗