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PubMed2005

Continuous-scale physical functional performance test: validity, reliability, and sensitivity of data for the short version.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Continuous-Scale Physical Functional Performance Test (CS-PFP) can be used to obtain valid, reliable, and sensitive measurements of physical functional capacity. This test requires a fixed laboratory space and approximately 1 hour to administer. This study was carried out in 4 steps, or substudies, to develop and validate a short, community-based version (PFP-10) that requires less space and equipment than the CS-PFP. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective data (n=228) and prospective data (n=91) on men and women performing the CS-PFP or the PFP-10 are reported. A 12-week exercise program was used to examine sensitivity to change. Data analyses were done using paired t-test, Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and delta index (DI) procedures. RESULTS: The PFP-10 total score and 4 of the 5 domain scores were statistically similar (within 3%) to those of the CS-PFP. The PFP-10 upper-body strength domain score was 17% lower, but was highly correlated (ICC=.97). Community and established laboratory PFP-10 scores were similar (ICC=.85-.97). The PFP-10 also is sensitive to change (DI=.21-.54). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The PFP-10 yields valid, reliable, and sensitive measurements and can be confidently substituted for the CS-PFP.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1996

Relationship of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales to changes in articular status and functional performance in patients with psoriatic arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship of the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS) to changes in articular status and functional performance in a group of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). METHODS: The AIMS was administered to 65 patients attending the University of Toronto Psoriatic Arthritis Clinic in 1989 and in 1993. Clinical and laboratory assessments of function, active inflammation, and damage were also performed at these 2 clinic visits. Linear regression analysis was performed to relate changes in the number of actively inflamed joints and number of deformed joints to AIMS measurements, while logistic regression was used to relate the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) functional class and the AIMS scores taken at the 2 clinic visits. RESULTS: There were 27 women and 38 men with a mean age of 46 years and arthritis duration of 13 years. Based only on information derived from the AIMS questionnaire, the maximum percentage of variation explained was 21 and 9% for the number of active joints and deformed joints, respectively. The strongest relationship was between the pain component scales measured at the 2 visits and the number of active joints. In all cases the initial clinical value made a significant additional contribution to the regression. CONCLUSION: The finding that the AIMS was sensitive to articular changes that occurred in patients over a 4 year period provides further support for the utility of the AIMS as an outcome measure in clinical studies of PsA. However, changes in the AIMS did not capture the full extent of the changes in both articular status and ACR functional class. This suggests that the AIMS and traditional measures of disease activity and function assess somewhat different aspects of clinical status and that it may be beneficial to use both types of measures in monitoring the course of PsA.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1981

Preservation of acquired music performance functions with a dominant hemisphere lesion: a case report.

This paper presents evidence of preservation of acquired music performance functions in a right-handed man with a large dominant hemisphere lesion. Results of music testing, speech pathology testing, neuropsychological testing and neurological examination are presented, with evidence of intact music skills (melodic perception and an ability to read at sight) being compared with lost skills (auditory processing span of 3 digits forward, and impairment of complex rhythmic tasks). Interpretations are offered in light of contemporary theories suggesting that brain processes for musical memory involve different cerebral systems to those for verbal memory.

Brain↗
PubMed2006

A comparison of physical functional performance and strength in women with fibromyalgia, age- and weight-matched controls, and older women who are healthy.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare functionality and strength among women with fibromyalgia (FM), women without FM, and older women. SUBJECTS: Twenty-nine women with FM (age [X+/-SD]=46+/-7 years), 12 age- and weight-matched women without FM (age=44+/-8 years), and 38 older women who were healthy (age=71+/-7 years) participated. METHODS: The Continuous Scale-Physical Functional Performance Test (CS-PFP) was used to assess functionality. Isokinetic leg strength was measured at 60 degrees/s, and handgrip strength was measured using a handgrip dynamometer. RESULTS: The women without FM had significantly higher functionality scores compared with women with FM and older women. There were no differences in functionality between women with FM and older women. Strength measures for the leg were higher in women without FM compared with women with FM and older women, and both women with and without FM had higher grip strengths compared with older women. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that women with FM and older women who are healthy have similar lower-body strength and functionality, potentially enhancing the risk for premature age-associated disability.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1997

Effects of tobacco smoking and gender on interhemispheric cognitive function: performance and confidence measures.

Cognitive function in tasks involving interhemispheric processing of verbal and spatial information was studied in 31 college students in a 2 x 2 factorial design with chronic smoking status [smoker (10+ cigarettes per day) versus non-smoker (no history of smoking)] and gender as the main between-subject factors. The subjects participated in two sessions on two consecutive days. The same task was repeated within the same session with a 15 min interval: smokers were tested before and after smoking whereas non-smokers rested during the interval. Dependent behavioral variables included those of performance (speed and accuracy) and confidence (low rate of non-responding). The verbal task yielded an expected female advantage, and smoking had the gender-specific effect of increasing both speed and accuracy more clearly in males. In addition, smoking decreased the rate of non-responding (increase confidence) in women, thereby affecting preferred strategies for problem solving by shifting the female pattern towards the male pattern. The spatial task, which probably involved a more perceptual, rather than cognitive, level of functioning, produced no clear effects of smoking and gender, and yielded some laterality effects. The acute within-subject smoking manipulation wherein, among smokers, the first test was preceded by 10+ h of deprivation, whereas the second repeated task was preceded by the smoking of a cigarette (i.e. deprivation followed by partial release) did not affect the behavioral measures. In conclusion, smoking had a gender-specific effect on cognitive function: it improved the performance of males in a verbal task and increased the subjective confidence of females thereby affecting the preferred cognitive strategies for problem solving.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Strength and functional performance of patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

This study was design to reach a better understanding of muscle strength, motor function and activity of daily living in patients of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Forty-eight patients diagnosed as cases of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy were included in this study. Manual muscle testing was used to evaluate muscle strength. The Brooke and Vignos scales were used to grade upper and lower extremities function, respectively, and the ability of daily living activity was measured by Barthel index. Our patients showed progressive symmetrical limb-girdle muscular weakness. Upon regression analysis we found that mean muscle strength was inversely related to disease duration (years) as follows: mean muscle strength = 0.6052 + (0.6309/disease duration). According to the Brooke functional scale, 89.6% of our patients were graded as 1-3 and 10.4% were graded as 5. On the Vignos functional scale, 79.1% of patients fell into the grades 1-5, one person (2.1%) in grade 6 and 18.8% in grade 9 category. The average Barthel index was 85.3 +/- 20.7. Mean muscle strength was significantly correlated with the average Barthel, Vignos and Brooke functional scales. Our study could offer the strength and functional performance of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy on natural history. The muscle strength declined in Taiwanese patients of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in a typical pattern. Regression analysis showed that the strength was inversely related to disease duration. These findings demonstrate that most of our patients suffered from mild or moderate physical disability.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of functional performance after McKee-Farrar, Charnley, and Muller total hip replacement. A six-month follow-up of one hundred sixty-five cases.

Measurements of functional performance were compared before and at 6 months after 58 McKee-Farrar, 50 Charnley, and 57 Muller total hip replacements in 143 patients. The measurment included: range of motion of the hip, hip abductor and adductor-muscle torque, weight-bearing activity during standing, forces applied to canes or crutches, and multiple components of walking performance. Each group of patients improved significantly after surgery in all of the components measured. Early postoperative differences among the 3 groups were found with respect to pain ratings, impressions of hip status, hip motions, muscle torque, the number of patients using assistive devices, and certain components of walking performance. There is nothing to suggest that the performance of any 1 group is distinctly better or worse than that of any other group 6 months after surgery. On the basis of average values, each group improved in every component of function and it is gratifying that, except for a few patients who developed postoperative infection, each patient could be considered to have successful reconstruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Posturography changes do not predict functional performance changes.

OBJECTIVE: Essentially no data exist to assess the utility of posturography, a frequently used test of standing balance in measuring change. The authors examined 1) how changes in posturography relate to functional balance changes as measured in the clinic and gait laboratory and 2) posturography's role and value in assessing patients with vestibular dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN: A correlational research design was used. SETTING: This study was conducted at a large, urban U.S. tertiary referral hospital. PATIENTS: Thirty-seven subjects (22 females and 15 males) with peripheral vestibular hypofunction and stable symptoms participated. Patients with central nervous system pathology were excluded from this study. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Subjects were tested before and after 6-8 weeks of vestibular rehabilitation with Equitest posturography sensory organization test (SOT), with timed quasistatic bilateral standing in tandem, on foam, and one leg; and with functional balance measures including gait velocity, a modified Timed Up & Go, gait with head rotation, gait with eyes closed, and tandem gait. RESULTS: Changes in SOT were not predictive of, nor often even directly correlated with, changes in quasistatic standing or functional performance. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that posturography SOT alone is not a useful tool to assess balance and functional changes in patients with vestibular hypofunction.

Female↗
PubMed1993

An abbreviated task-oriented assessment (Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation).

The purpose of this study was to explore development of an abbreviated version of the Task-Oriented Assessment component of the Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation (BaFPE). The BaFPE is widely used by occupational therapists practicing in mental health, but therapists have requested an instrument that could be administered and scored more quickly. Both a subjective and objective analysis support the development of an abbreviated version of the Task-Oriented Assessment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1987

Bootstrap variance estimators for the parameters of small-sample sensory-performance functions.

The bootstrap method, due to Bradley Efron, is a powerful, general method for estimating a variance or standard deviation by repeatedly resampling the given set of experimental data. The method is applied here to the problem of estimating the standard deviation of the estimated midpoint and spread of a sensory-performance function based on data sets comprising 15-25 trials. The performance of the bootstrap estimator was assessed in Monte Carlo studies against another general estimator obtained by the classical "combination-of-observations" or incremental method. The bootstrap method proved clearly superior to the incremental method, yielding much smaller percentage biases and much greater efficiencies. Its use in the analysis of sensory-performance data may be particularly appropriate when traditional asymptotic procedures, including the probit-transformation approach, become unreliable.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proprioception in individuals with ACL-deficient knee and good muscular and functional performance.

The objective of this study was to verify whether proprioception is affected in individuals with ACL-deficient knees and good functional and muscular performances. Eleven subjects with ACL injury and 11 controls participated in the study. Functional performance was assessed using the Cincinnati Knee Rating System (CKRS), hop index, and figure-eight ratio. An isokinetic test was done to evaluate muscular performance. Proprioception was evaluated through position, sense and threshold tests. Analyses of variance were used for data analysis. The injured subjects scored significantly lower in the CKRS (p = 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the hop index, in the figure-eight ratio, or in peak torque. There were no statistically significant differences in proprioception bettween groups and between legs. These results indicated that the individuals evaluated in this study with ACL injury and good functional and muscular performance did not have proprioceptive deficits, suggesting that the ligament mechanoreceptors, in some cases, might not contribute relevantly to proprioception.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Effects of diabetes and cadaveric organs on functional performance and health-related quality of life after kidney transplantation.

BACKGROUND: The current study was undertaken to identify factors specific to kidney transplantation that are associated with posttransplant functional performance (FP) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). METHODS: Karnofsky FP status was assessed longitudinally in 86 adult kidney transplant recipients. Patients reported HRQOL using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) health survey and the Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS). RESULTS: FP improved (P <0.001) after kidney transplantation (from 75 +/- 1 to 77 +/- 1, 81 +/- 1, and 82 +/- 1 at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively). Patients receiving organs from living donors showed continued improvement through posttransplant year 1 while those receiving cadaveric organs stabilized at month 6 (simple interaction contrast, year 1 versus pretransplant; P <0.05). Patients receiving dialysis therapy for 6 months or more prior to transplantation demonstrated lower SF-36 posttransplant physical component scores in comparison with patients who were transplanted preemptively (38 +/- 1 versus 45 +/- 2, P <0.05). Path analysis demonstrated the positive direct effect of time on FP with kidney transplantation (beta = 0.23, P <0.05), and the negative direct effects on FP of diabetes (beta = -0.22) and cadaveric organs (beta = -0.22, both P <0.05). In turn, FP had a positive direct effect on HRQOL (beta = 0.40, P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Overall improvement in FP is attenuated 1 year after kidney transplantation in recipients of organs from cadaveric donors. The positive effect of time after transplantation, and the negative effects of cadaveric organs and diabetes on posttransplant HRQOL, are indirect and are mediated by the direct effects of these variables on posttransplant FP.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Concurrent validity of the task-oriented assessment component of the Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation with the American Association on Mental Deficiency Adaptive Behavior Scale.

This study was designed to test the concurrent validity of the revised Task-Oriented Assessment (TOA) component of the Bay Area Functional Performance Evaluation (BaFPE) (Bloomer & Williams, 1979) with Part 1 of the American Association on Mental Deficiency Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) (Nihira, Foster, Shellhaas, & Leland, 1969, 1974) and to develop a means of interpretation for the numeric scores on the TOA. Both measures were administered to 67 psychiatric inpatients within the first 14 days of admission. Low to moderate correlations were found between the TOA tasks and functional parameters and the ABS domains. Because the TOA shows low concurrent validity with the ABS, only limited interpretive descriptions for TOA scores could be developed.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2002

A health-related fitness and functional performance test battery for middle-aged and older adults: feasibility and health-related content validity.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and health-related content validity of 6 health-related fitness (HRF) and 3 functional performance (FP) tests among middle-aged and older persons. DESIGN: Cross-sectional methodologic study. SETTING: Field laboratories in 3 communities of northeast Finland. PARTICIPANTS: A regionally representative, community-based cohort of 55- to 79-year-old men (n=501) and women (n=632). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Health-related test exclusion rates (%) by age groups and odds ratios (ORs) of subjective health outcomes by fitness categories (least 20%, next 40%, most fit 40%). RESULTS: The health-related test exclusion rates increased with age, mainly because of musculoskeletal health limitations among the women and cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health limitations among the men. With the exception of dynamic back extension, 1-leg squat, 1-leg standing balance, and the 1-km walk among the women 75 years and older, 85% or more of the subjects qualified for the HRF tests and 95% or more for the FP tests. Strong and graded associations were found for cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness and the FP test levels with perceived health and functional ability status among both the men and the women (OR range, 2-31). The motor fitness test level was primarily associated with functional ability status. CONCLUSIONS: All the HRF and FP tests showed health-related content validity, and 4 of 6 of the HRF tests and all of the FP tests proved to be safe, with minor health-related test exclusions for middle-aged and older adults. The findings may help to target physical activity intervention toward persons at high risk for declining health and functional ability.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2005

Resistance training in older women: effect on vertical jump and functional performance.

AIM: Few studies have determined the effects of a heavy resistance training on vertical jump performance in older adults. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 12 week heavy resistance training in vertical jump and functional performance in healthy, inactive, older women. METHODS: Seventeen sedentary older women (aged 53-69 years) were assigned either to a control (C, n=8), or to a heavy resistance training (RT, n=9). The RT group trained knee extensors and flexors at 80% of 1-repetition maximum (1-RM), 3 days per week for 12 weeks. Both groups were evaluated in 1-RM lower body strength, squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) height, and chair rising time, before and after the training period. RESULTS: After the training period, RT significantly improved (P<0.001) the 1-RM lower body strength, SJ, CMJ height, and chair rising by 68.9%, 24.5%, 21.7%, and 13%, respectively. Significant correlations were observed among the percent (%) change in 1-RM lower body strength and SJ (r=0.849, P<0.001), CMJ height (r=0.797, P<0.001), and chair rising time (r=-0.917, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Muscle power improved after a short-term heavy resistance training, as measured by vertical jump and chair rising performance, in inactive older adults. The gains in muscle strength may contribute to the gains in chair rising time, SJ and CMJ height.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

[Clinical and hemodynamic evaluation on the functional performance of the Starr-Edwards low profile valve prosthese in mitral position (author's transl)].

205 patients with isolated mitral valve replacement using the Starr-Edwards low profile valve prostheses (model 6520 and 6550) were followed 3 to 67 months (mean of 30,4 months) after surgery. While these prostheses seems to reliable substitutes with regard to functional performance and to mechanical dysfunction, postoperative hemodynamic investigation revealed significant diastolic pressure gradients across the valve as well as reduction in functional mitral valve area relative to pulse and stroke volume. The incidence of thromboembolism was comparable to other artificial valves.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1997

The development of an isokinetic squat device: reliability and relationship to functional performance.

This study was performed to determine the reliability and validity of a new isokinetic squat device in comparison to knee-extension tests performed using a Cybex. Athletic male subjects (n = 29) performed a series of isokinetic squat tests at 0.4 m.s-1, knee-extension tests at 1.05, 2.09 and 3.14 rad.s-1, and a 6-s stationary cycle test which was used as the measure of functional performance. The squat tests included a purely concentric squat without pre-load, a test with pre-load and a stretch-shorten cycle test. Two trials of each test were performed on one testing occasion. Intraclass correlation co-efficients (r = 0.89-0.96) and co-efficients of variation (3.1-8.7%) were determined between trials, and these indicated that all of the tests were highly reliable. The velocity characteristics of the newly developed system demonstrated that it was an effective isokinetic device, with the mean velocity of 0.41 m.s-1 varying within narrow limits, a relatively small velocity overshoot and an isokinetic portion of movement of approximately 80%. The squat tests demonstrated a higher relationship to cycling performance (r = 0.57-0.65) as compared to the knee-extension tests (r = 0.45-0.51). This difference was amplified when a more homogeneous group of subjects was examined. Further, the squat tests were superior to the knee-extension tests in discriminating between differing levels of cycling performance ability. These differences were believed to be due to the greater specificity of the squat movement, in comparison to the knee extension, to the performance of interest.

Adolescent↗