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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

A comparative study of renal and hepatic function in Sprague-Dawley rats following systemic injection of purified carrageenans (kappa, lambda and iota).

Renal and hepatic function was investigated in groups of 7 rats for 14 days after a single i.p. injection of 125 mg/kg purified kappa (kappa), lambda (lambda) or iota (iota) carrageenan. Kappa carrageenan was clearly nephrotoxic, as evidenced by a progressive, marked increase in serum creatinine and urea levels and in urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity. It also caused significant elevation in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) activity from Day 2 to Day 7, and a progressive decrease in circulating albumin concentrations. Lambda carrageenan had no significant effect on serum creatinine or urea levels and caused only a transient increase in urinary NAG which was maximal on Day 2. Serum AAT levels were also significantly raised on Day 2. Iota carrageenan injection resulted in the deaths of 2/7 animals. Significant increases in serum creatinine levels were observed on Day 4: in 2 rats these increase were very pronounced as were those in urea levels, but no significant alterations in serum urea or urinary NAG levels were observed. No significant elevation in serum AAT was found, except for minor changes on Days 7 and 14. Whereas lambda carrageenan decreased serum albumin throughout the 14-day course of the experiment, albumin levels in lambda carrageenan-injected rats, whilst depressed during the first week, returned to normal by Day 14.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1991

Results of endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy: influence of etiology of portal hypertension and hepatic functional status.

In India 50% of patients with gastrointestinal bleeding bleed from esophageal varices. Causes of portal hypertension includes hepatic cirrhosis, non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and extrahepatic portal obstruction. Endoscopic sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice to control continued active bleeding. Immediate hemostasis was not influenced by the etiology of portal hypertension. However, rebleeding episodes were lower, in extrahepatic portal vein obstruction than non-cirrhotic portal fibrosis and cirrhotic patients. Child's status significantly influenced recurrence of bleeding and mortality which was lower in child's A than B and lower in B than C irrespective of etiology. Results of long term sclerotherapy were also influenced by the etiology of portal hypertension and hepatic functional status. Sclerotherapy was most effective in patients of (EHO), than (NCPF) followed by cirrhosis of the liver.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1978

[Blood cholinesterase and hepatic function: a comparison with BSP and galactose elimination as well as serum albumin concentration].

Although quantitative tests of some hepatic functions have been well established, the determination of serum cholinesterase activity continues to be commonly used in their stead. A critical comparison of the serum cholinesterase activity with these quantitative tests, however, is still lacking. Serum cholinesterase activity was therefore simultaneously compared with galactose elimination capacity (GEC), initial BSP-disappearance rate (BSP-ki), and serum albumin levels in 19 healthy control subjects and 46 patients with various chronic liver diseases. Serum cholinesterase activity was less discriminating between controls and patients than BSP-ki. It appears poorly suited, therefore, as a screening test for mild liver disease. Rank correlations between serum cholinesterase activity and GEC, BSP-ki, and serum albumin were statistically higher significant (r = 0.65, r = 0.74, and r = 0.80 respectively). On a statistical basis, serum cholinesterase activity may, therefore, be regarded as an index of the functional reserve of the liver. Evaluation of individual cases, however, revealed some clinically relevant discrepancies. It is concluded, therefore, that for accurate follow-up studies measurements of serum cholinesterase activity may be insufficient substitutes for the quantitative tests.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of vaso-active agents on hepatic function and blood gases in patients with cirrhosis: a study of vasopressin and nitroglycerin.

The effects of vaso-active agents on hepatic function and splanchnic oxygenation were studied in 17 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Eight patients received vasopressin (0.3 iu/min) and nine patients received nitroglycerin (50 micrograms/min). Both drugs caused a significant reduction in the portal venous pressure gradient. Vasopressin infusion significantly decreased intrinsic clearance of indocyanine green (-23%, P less than 0.01). This may be due to a decreased hepatic perfusion (-28%, P less than 0.01) and portal venous oxygenation (-15% in portal venous oxygen tension, P less than 0.05). In contrast, no changes in hepatic perfusion and portal venous oxygenation were observed after nitroglycerin infusion. Nitroglycerin did not decrease intrinsic clearance of indocyanine green. These results suggest that vasodilators, rather than vasoconstrictors, might be welcome in the treatment of patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed1995

Effects of transjugular intrahepatic portasystemic shunt (TIPS) on splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics, and hepatic function in patients with portal hypertension. Preliminary results.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term splanchnic and systemic hemodynamics and hepatic function after TIPS creation. Fifteen cirrhotics with portal hypertension underwent TIPS placement for treatment of variceal hemorrhage, and extensive hemodynamic studies including right heart catheterization, portal pressure measurement, hepatic blood flow, and indocyanine green (ICG) clearance were performed before and 1 month after the procedure. Self-expandable metal stents (Strecker 11 mm diameter) were placed in all cases. Portasystemic gradient significantly diminished (18.3 +/- 4.2 vs 8 +/- 2.8; 54% +/- 18 mm Hg) after the technique, mainly due to a decrease in portal pressure, and remained stable in the final study. Cardiac output and mean arterial pressure increased (6.2 +/- 1.4 vs 8.2 +/- 1.8 liters/min, 80.1 +/- 10.1 vs 91 +/- 11.2 mm Hg, respectively), and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance was registered (1018 +/- 211 vs 872 +/- 168 dyne/sec/cm5); the hepatic blood flow and ICG clearance also decreased significantly (1.5 +/- 0.7 vs 0.68 +/- 0.2 liters/min, 0.4 +/- 0.2 vs 0.24 +/- 0.06 liters/min, respectively). There was an increase in the preload at the final study, as evidenced by a marked increase in right atrial (3.1 +/- 1.6 vs 4.35 +/- 2.2 mmHg, +15%, P < 0.05), pulmonary arterial (12.2 +/- 2.4 vs 15.9 +/- 3.2 mm Hg, +31.8%, P < 0.001), and wedge pulmonary arterial pressures (6.9 +/- 2.4 vs 9.8 +/- 3.1 mm Hg, +53%, P < 0.001). These results suggest that TIPS worsens the hyperdynamic syndrome associated to portal hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A [14C]phenacetin breath test to measure hepatic function in man.

Phenacetin, a high-clearance drug, was labeled as [14C-ethyl]phenacetin and used in a breath test of hepatic function. 14CO2 appeared rapidly in breath such that more than 30% of the administered radioactivity was expired in 2 hr. For all means of expression used to describe the appearance of 14CO2 in breath, normal controls and hospitalized patients without liver disease were clearly separated from cirrhotic subjects with moderate and severe liver damage. The phenacetin breath test was validated by the close correlation of 14CO2 appearance with the disposition of the parent compound examined after its intravenous administration, and by demonstration that the rate-limiting step in 14CO2 generation from labeled phenacetin occurred proximal to 14CO2 generation from [14C]acetate given intravenously. Correcting for the actual volume of CO2 exhaled by control and cirrhotic subjects did not increase the sensitivity of the test. The phenacetin breath test has potential as a simple procedure to quantitate hepatic metabolism of drugs, particularly those mediated by cytochrome P448.

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous chloramphenicol sodium succinate in adult patients with normal renal and hepatic function.

The pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol (CAP) and total chloramphenicol succinate (CAPS) were studied in eight hospitalized adult patients with normal renal and hepatic function receiving intravenous chloramphenicol sodium succinate therapy. The steady-state peak concentrations of CAP (8.4-26.0 micrograms/ml) occurred at an average of 18.0 min (range 5.4-40.2) after cessation of the chloramphenicol sodium succinate infusion. Unhydrolyzed CAPS prodrug, representing 26.0 +/- 7.0% of the dose, was recovered unchanged in the urine indicating that the bioavailability of CAP from a dose of intravenous chloramphenicol succinate is not complete. A pharmacokinetic model was developed for simultaneous fitting of CAP and CAPS plasma concentration data. Pharmacokinetic parameters determined by simultaneous fitting were: V, 0.81 +/- 0.18 liters/kg; t1/2, 3.20 +/- 1.02 hr; CLB, 3.21 +/- 1.27 ml/min/kg for chloramphenicol; and V, 0.38 +/- 0.13 liters/kg; t1/2, 0.57 +/- 0.12 hr; CLB, 7.72 +/- 1.87 ml/min/kg for total chloramphenicol succinate.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Indocyanine green clearance and hepatic function during and after prolonged anaesthesia: comparison of halothane with isoflurane.

Specific biochemical and physiological tests of liver function were used to assess 20 consecutive patients undergoing prolonged head and neck surgery with halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia. Hepatic function was assessed by measurement of serum concentrations of total bilirubin and albumin, and plasma activity of pseudocholinesterase, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and hepatic glutathione S-transferase. Plasma clearance of indocyanine green was used as an estimate of hepatic blood flow. No major differences were observed in serum concentrations of GGT, ALP, bilirubin, albumin or pseudocholinesterase. Serum AST activity in those patients receiving halothane was increased at 24 h and at 48 h compared with those who received isoflurane (not statistically significant). Glutathione S-transferase activity was increased significantly in the halothane group throughout the period of study, compared with those who received isoflurane. Similarly, there was a significant difference between the two groups as measured by plasma clearance of indocyanine green: in the halothane group there was a slower disappearance rate of the dye from plasma at specific times than in the patients who received isoflurane. Our data support the use of isoflurane rather than halothane for prolonged anaesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Further comments on changes in hepatic function after interposition meso-caval shunt (author's transl)].

Further to a previous paper, the Authors followed up ten cirrhotic patients who had all undergone meso-caval shunt with Dacron prosthesis, for ascites or haemorrhage, Functional and anzymatic investigations were carried on over periods up to 10 months. No constant changes in hepatic function parameters were found during the post-operative period, compared to those before surgery. This observation suggests that these investigations might be more useful in defining liver disease than in practical assessment of transient, post-operative liver failure.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Absence of correlation between hepatic function and characteristics of migrating motor complexes in the gastrointestinal tract.

BACKGROUND: Cyclic changes in gallbladder filling and emptying during the migrating motor complex (MMC) cycle have been demonstrated by scintigraphy. However, a possible cyclic change in the hepatic function and handling of the pharmacologic agents used for scintigraphy during the MMC cycle could have an influence on these results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hepatic handling of cholic acid and mebrofenin in relation to the MMCs of the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS: The plasma disappearance rate of 14C-cholic acid and the hepatic uptake and excretion of 99mTc-mebrofenin were examined during phase I and phase II of the MMC in six healthy male volunteers. RESULTS: The plasma disappearance rate of 14C-cholic acid showed a biexponential course with an initial rapid and late slow phase after a bolus injection. There were no significant differences between the initial or late plasma disappearance rate of 14C-cholic acid during phase I as compared with phase II. The results of the time-activity curves from the 99mTc-mebrofenin scintigraphy showed an exponential rapid increase in radioactivity followed by an almost linear slow decrease after a bolus injection. There was no significant difference between phase I and phase II in any of the variables studied. CONCLUSION: The lack of a relationship between hepatic handling of cholic acid and mebrofenin and MMC excludes this as a possible source of error in the investigations of the dynamic function of the enterohepatic circulation and especially gallbladder motility by the use of either cholic acids or iminodiacetic acid derivatives as investigative agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Portohepatic pressures, hepatic function, and blood gases in the combination of nitroglycerin and vasopressin: search for additive effects in cirrhotic portal hypertension.

We studied the effects of the combination of nitroglycerin and vasopressin on portohepatic hemodynamics, hepatic function, and blood gases in nine patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Vasopressin infusion at a dose of 0.4 U/min caused a significant fall in portal pressure, which is evaluated by portal venous pressure gradient (-34%, p less than 0.01), associated with a decrease in hepatic perfusion (-33%, p less than 0.01) and intrinsic clearance (-20%, p less than 0.01) after 30 min. The arterial oxygenation, however, was not modified (paO2; from 73 +/- 8 to 72 +/- 7 mm Hg, NS). Nitroglycerin infusion at a dose of 100 micrograms/min was then administered for 20 min. The addition of nitroglycerin produced a further reduction in free portal venous pressure (-12%, p less than 0.01), but this was not associated with a significant improvement in both hepatic perfusion (+16%, NS) and intrinsic clearance (-7%, NS). In addition, there was a significant fall in arterial oxygenation (paO2; from 72 +/- 7 to 59 +/- 5 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). We conclude that the addition of nitroglycerin to vasopressin has a beneficial effect on free portal venous pressure, but does not have hepatic benefit. Moreover, sufficient care must be taken, when treating portal hypertension with this combination, to avoid arterial hypoxemia.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Functioning hepatic cell mass and the hyperdynamic state in cirrhosis.

Seventeen patients with advanced hepatic cirrhosis underwent cardiopulmonary assessment by means of Swan-Ganz catheters combined with indocyanine green clearance studies to measure functioning hepatic cell mass. The indocyanine green clearance test was found to have a statistically significant linear correlation with such indicators of the hyperdynamic circulatory state as cardiac index and total peripheral resistance. Results from these studies also showed that the hyperdynamic state in cirrhosis is associated with limited oxygen consumption as compared with a control series of patients. Of the 14 patients who required operations, eight survived and six died. The mean indocyanine green clearance was a statistically significant predictor of death.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Effects of alcohol and fluvastatin on lipid metabolism and hepatic function.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of fluvastatin, a synthetic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor, combined with moderate alcohol consumption on lipid profiles and hepatic function in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. DESIGN: Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. SETTING: Lipid clinic of a university hospital. PATIENTS: 31 patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels > or = 4.2 mmol/L) who had previously received a lipid-lowering diet. INTERVENTIONS: After a dietary baseline period, 26 patients were randomly assigned to receive 6 weeks of treatment with either 1) fluvastatin, 40 mg/d, added to 20 g of ethanol and diluted to 20% with orange juice or 2) fluvastatin added to orange juice alone. After a 6-week washout period, the two groups crossed over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Plasma fluvastatin levels, lipid levels, and clinical variables were determined at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS: Six patients left the study prematurely. The remaining patients (15 men, 5 women; mean age +/- SD 49.1 +/- 14.5 years; mean body mass index +/- SD 24.5 +/- 2.2 kg/m2) completed the study. Fluvastatin, alone and combined with alcohol, resulted in similar decreases in levels of total cholesterol (22% and 23%, respectively; P < 0.001 when compared with baseline), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (28% and 29%, respectively; P < 0.001 compared with baseline), and apolipoprotein B (17% and 20%, respectively; P < 0.001 compared with baseline). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels were not changed. Fluvastatin with alcohol resulted in a significantly greater area under the plasma concentration curve (23.4 +/- 4.7 compared with 18.2 +/- 3.2 x 10(3) ng.min/mL) and in a greater time to maximum concentration (187.5 +/- 16.6 min compared with 130.9 +/- 7.0 min) than fluvastatin alone. Terminal half-life tended to increase. No important adverse clinical effects were observed. CONCLUSION: Six weeks of daily, moderate alcohol consumption influenced the metabolism of fluvastatin but did not interfere with its lipid-lowering efficacy and had no adverse effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Relation between zinc status and hepatic functional reserve in patients with liver disease.

Patients with liver disease may be at risk of zinc depletion. We measured polymorphonuclear cell, mononuclear cell, plasma, and erythrocyte zinc values, and erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase activity to assess zinc status in 17 patients with non-alcoholic liver disease (primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic active hepatitis) and 13 patients with alcoholic liver disease. The plasma zinc concentration was reduced in both patient groups and correlated strongly with the plasma albumin concentration. The mean polymorphonuclear cell zinc value in both groups was similar to that of controls but when results were combined and grouped according to hepatic functional reserve, patients with more severe liver damage (grade C) had a lower polymorphonuclear cell zinc value (mean (SD) 0.86 (0.24) nmol/mg protein) than patients with grade A (1.44 (0.43) nmol/mg protein, p less than 0.01) or grade B liver damage (1.08 (0.30) nmol/mg protein, p less than 0.05), or control subjects (1.26 (0.28) nmol/mg protein, p less than 0.001). The polymorphonuclear cell zinc value did not correlate with other indices of zinc status. The mononuclear cell zinc value was normal in all patients and was unrelated to hepatic damage. The erythrocyte zinc value and carbonic anhydrase activity were raised in alcoholic patients only. Since the polymorphonuclear cell zinc concentration is low in human experimental zinc deficiency and also correlates with tissue zinc, we suggest that our results provide evidence of progressive leucocyte zinc depletion in patients with liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Hepatic function after anaesthesia for major vascular reconstructive surgery.

Three groups of patients received Althesin, minaxolone or di-isopropyl phenol to supplement 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen. A fourth group receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen acted as a control. Hepatic function tests were measured before operation and on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 after major vascular reconstructive surgery. There were significant increases to a mean value above the upper limit of normal in aspartate amino-transferase activity by day 3 in all groups. Total lactic dehydrogenase activity increased in the patients receiving Althesin, minaxolone and halothane. No change was seen in the alkaline phosphatase in any of the study groups. Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase increased in all groups, but the mean value at day 7 was not greater than the upper limit of normal. The mean activity of ornithine carbamoyl transpeptidase showed no change in any group throughout the study period. Two of the patients receiving minaxolone suffered cholestatic jaundice during the first month. These results suggest that anaesthesia with Althesin or di-isopropyl phenol results in enzyme changes similar to those seen in a comparable group of patients receiving halothane to supplement nitrous oxide in oxygen anaesthesia.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of the total and prolonged diversion of portal blood on hepatic function in the rat].

In this experience the effect on hepatic parenchyma and function has been analyzed 180 days after total portacaval shunt. The portacaval shunt induces 50% mortality rate at six months. In the survived animals a significant reduction of hepatic mass has been observed. The liver still presents significant elevation of necrosis and cholestasis enzymes. The residual hepatocellular function related to hepatic mass is comparable to sham operated rats, but it is quite insufficient to maintain endogenous clearances.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Renal and hepatic function in rats treated with cyclosporin A in combination with gentamicin or cephalosporin antibiotics.

Sprague-Dawley rats received cyclosporin A (25 mg/kg) together with either the aminoglycoside gentamicin (50 mg/kg) or one of 3 cephalosporin antibiotics (100 mg/kg) daily for 14 days. Only minor impairment of renal or hepatic function was observed when either cyclosporin A or gentamicin was given on its own and no abnormality was seen in response to cephalosporins. However, concomitant administration of cyclosporin A and gentamicin caused acute renal failure, accompanied by cyclosporin A-induced damage to the proximal straight tubule and gentamicin-induced proximal convoluted tubular cell necrosis. In contrast, the structural abnormalities present in the 3 groups given cephalosporins in addition to cyclosporin A were attributable only to the immune suppressant. Liver functional changes previously found only at higher doses of cyclosporin A were observed in the cyclosporin A/gentamicin group and there was some evidence of possible interactions between cyclosporin A and each cephalosporin affecting liver function. The results indicate that treatment of infection with cephalosporin antibiotics or a less nephrotoxic aminoglycoside is preferable to gentamicin in cyclosporin A-treated patients.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗