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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Histo-morphology of the uterus and early placenta of the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and comparative placentome morphology of the African buffalo and cattle (Bos taurus).

Differences exist in reproductive physiology between African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), cattle (Bos taurus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The aim of this study was to histo-morphologically compare the anatomy of non-pregnant and pregnant uteri of buffalo and cattle. Two non-pregnant uteri and placentae of six pregnant African buffalo were used. Early placentome formation (fetal crown rump length (CRL): 2-17.5 cm) in S. caffer and B. taurus was compared. The endometrium of buffalo uteri comprises round to ovoid, dome-shaped and gland-free caruncles. A predominantly simple columnar epithelium of non-ciliated cells covers caruncular tissue, while, additionally, ciliated cells occur in the epithelium of the intercaruncular areas and within the simple columnar or pseudostratified epithelium of the endometrial glands. During early gestation, multiple placentomes develop. Unlike the placentomes in cattle at similar CRL, buffalo placentomes do not develop a caruncular stalk. The sessile, dome-shaped buffalo placentome has simple, slightly conical villi branching less than in cattle, thus indicating different and less complex feto-maternal interdigitation than seen in the latter. A synepitheliochorial interhaemal barrier can be expected in the buffalo placenta, as the occurrence and ultrastructure of trophoblast giant cells resemble those described in cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Morphology-controllable synthesis of pyrene nanostructures and its morphology dependence of optical properties.

Morphology-controllable synthesis of various pyrene nanostructures from nanoparticles to short nanorods and nanowires (long nanorods) was achieved by a simple self-assembly method. In this approach, aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles were used as templates to direct the self-assembly of the pyrene molecules into nanorods. It was found that changing the concentration ratio of the pyrene to SDS molecules could be employed to control the aspect ratio (length to diameter) of the pyrene nanostructures from 1 to 50 or higher. Moreover, the dimensional variation was accompanied by changes of their optical properties. With the increase of the aspect ratio, the characteristic fluorescence of the isolated pyrene molecules was suppressed and concurrently replaced by the excimer emission of the pyrene nanostructures. A blue-shift was observed in the excimer emission peaks as the length of the nanorods increased. The growth mechanism and the change in optical properties of these pyrene nanostructures were discussed in detail.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

What can we learn from the morphology of Hebrew? A masked-priming investigation of morphological representation.

All Hebrew words are composed of 2 interwoven morphemes: a triconsonantal root and a phonological word pattern. the lexical representations of these morphemic units were examined using masked priming. When primes and targets shared an identical word pattern, neither lexical decision nor naming of targets was facilitated. In contrast root primes facilitated both lexical decisions and naming of target words that were derived from these roots. This priming effect proved to be independent of meaning similarity because no priming effects were found when primes and targets were semantically but not morphologically related. These results suggest that Hebrew roots are lexical units whereas word patterns are not. A working model of lexical organization in Hebrew is offered on the basis of these results.

Decision Making↗
PubMed2000

Decomposing morphologically complex words in a nonlinear morphology.

Most Hebrew words are composed of 2 intertwined morphemes: a triconsonantal root and a phonological word pattern. Previous research with conjugated verb forms has shown consistent priming from the verbal patterns, suggesting that verbal forms are automatically parsed by native speakers into their morphemic constituents. The authors investigated the decomposition process, focusing on the structural properties of verbal forms that are perceived and extracted during word recognition. The manipulations consisted of using verbal forms derived from "weak" roots that have one consonant missing in some of the forms. The results demonstrated that if 1 consonant is missing, the parsing system collapses, and there is no evidence for morphological priming. In contrast, when a random consonant is inserted into the weak form, the verbal-pattern priming re-emerges. This outcome suggests that the constraint imposed on the decomposition process is primarily structural and abstract. Moreover, the all-or-none pattern of results is characteristic of rule-based behavior and not of simple correlational systems.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Combined morphologic and karyotypic study of 28 myxoid liposarcomas. Implications for a revised morphologic typing, (a report from the CHAMP Group).

Cytogenetic analysis carried out in 28 adipose tissue tumors diagnosed microscopically as myxoid liposarcoma (ML) revealed a t(12;16)(q13:p11) chromosomal translocation in 26 of the 28 cases. Morphologically, these tumors were subclassified into the following categories: well-differentiated, six cases: poorly differentiated round cell type, 17 cases: poorly differentiated spindle cell type, five cases. Poorly differentiated ML behaved in a more aggressive fashion than the well-differentiated tumors. The results of this study confirm the consistency and specificity of the t(12;16)(q13:p11) translocation as the genetic marker of ML, support the contention that liposarcomas with round cells belong to the ML category, and confirm Stout's proposal for the existence of a poorly differentiated ML composed of spindle cells. Cytogenetic analysis may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of ML with atypical lipomatous tumors, which is characteristically associated with ring and giant marker chromosomes, and of ML with lipoblastoma, which is typically associated with 8q alterations. The existence of a mixed ML-atypical lipomatous tumor remains questionable. The genetic events associated with the greater aggressiveness of the poorly differentiated types of ML remain to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evolutionary integration and morphological diversification in complex morphological structures: mandible shape divergence in spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae).

The rodent mandible has become a paradigm for studies on the development and evolution of complex morphological structures. We use a combination of geometric and multivariate morphometric methods in order to assess the correspondence between integration patterns and a priori biological models in the context of evolutionary shape divergence in the mandible of rodents of the family Echimyidae. The correlation of shape distances among operational taxonomic units (individuals, species, genera) in separate morphogenetic components allowed the construction of integration matrices among mandible components for data sets corresponding to varying levels of genetic divergence (intergeneric, interspecific, and intrapopulational). The integration matrices were associated with a priori biological (developmental, genetical, modular) models, and the maximum integration axes (singular warps) were compared with realized axes of maximum interspecific variation (relative warps). The integration pattern and intensity were not stable in data sets with different levels of genetic divergence, and the varying functional demands during the ecological radiation in the family were probably responsible for the differences in observed integration patterns. Developmental and genetic models were significantly associated with the interspecific integration patterns observed, suggesting a role for neutral evolution during the evolutionary divergence of mandible shape. However, directional and stabilizing selection were not discarded as processes responsible for the generation of interspecific integration. The choreography of the morphogenetic components in the mandible is highly flexible and the integrated groups of components can be reorganized depending on functional demands during evolutionary shape changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Relation of colonial morphologies in soft agar to morphological and biological properties of the K-9 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae and its variants.

During repeated subcultures of strain K-9 of Klebsiella pneumoniae, three variants, A, B, and C, were obtained showing different colonial morphologies in soft agar. The parent strain K-9 produced colonies that were large, smooth, and globular; variant A, wedged balloon forms somewhat elongate; variant B, rain-drop-like with some streaming; and variant C, small compact rough globules. These colonial forms in soft agar medium correlated well with the size of capsule determined by cell volume index and light microscopy. Organisms exhibiting large globular colonies did possess extra large capsules while strains producing compact-type colonies in soft agar were lacking capsules. Capsular size of the strains correlated well with mouse virulence, but most biochemical properties, including the amount of endotoxic substance, were the same in all strains.

Agar↗
PubMed1975

Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. II. Morphological identification.

In this study the morphological origins of the responses from the catfish retinal neurons evoked by step inputs were determined by injecting intracellularly a dye, Procion yellow. A method was devised to view the dye-injected neurons in flat mount to study their dendritic expansion; later the same neurons could be sectioned radially to locate the levels of their somata or dendritic expansion. The results of this study show the inherent danger of identifying dye-injected neurons only in a radial or tangential view. Bipolar cells could be identified functionally without any ambiguity by changing widely the stimulus parameters, because the stimulation of their receptive-field center and surround gave rise to responses of opposing polarity. We found no exception to this rule. The neurons in the proximal layers produced a large variety of responses which could not be segregated into two such classes as the amacrine and ganglion cells. In this part II they were classified into three broad categories: neurons giving rise to sustained, transient, and spiking responses. The demarcation among the three types, morphologywise and functionwise, was vague and not well established. The sustained responses were recoreded from the starburst and spaghetti neurons (part I (9)) which correspond to Ramón y Cajal's (2) amacrine cells. The transient responses, whose patterns were largely invariant of the changes in the stimulus parameters, were recorded from a class of neurons with spindle-shaped somata in the INL. We do not know whether they had axons or not, but we will not be surprised if a future study defines them as a class of ganglion cells. Responses with or without spike discharges were recorded from a class of neurons which were identified as ganglion cells. Observations made on a large number of Procion-injected neurons in both flat-mount preparations and radial sections show that finer dendritic arborizations were not seen in the dye-injected neurons although the presence of such branches was proved in the Golgi preparations. Probably this was due to the weak contrast of the Procion-injected cell against the tissue background, rather than the failure of the dye to diffuse into finer branches. We recognize the severe difficulty involved in the traditional approach of identifying a class of neurons based on typical but subjectively selected functional and structural samples. Neurons have to be classified statistically according to their (quantitative) parameters. (cont'd)

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Morphology of foretarsal ventral surfaces of Japanese Papilio butterflies and relations between these morphology, phylogeny and hostplant preferring hierarchy.

Foretarsal ventral surface observation of Japanese Papilio butterflies showed that the shapes of fifth foretarsi and numbers and localization of contact chemosensilla and spines in these areas are closely related to both phylogeny and behavior in these species. My results basically supported the classification that Japanese Papilio divides into five subgenera -- Papilio (P. machaon), Princeps (P. xuthus and P. demoleus), Achillides (P. maackii and P. bianor), Menelaides (P. helenus, P. polytes, P. protenor and P. macilentus) and Iliades (P. memnon). Moreover, female foretarsal morphology also corresponded to the physical features of their preferring host plant leaves. The specificity of female P. machaon, female P. macilentus and female P. maackii seemed to also relate to the geographical diversities of these species and their hostplant, and their co-evolution.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ovarian morphological conditions and the effect of injection of human chorionic gonadotropin on ovulation rates in prepuberal gilts with two morphologically different ovarian types.

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the ovulation rate after treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in two groups of gilts characterized by different ovarian morphology: grape-type (GT; n = 11) and honeycomb-type (HT; n = 7). At 170 d of age (d 0), gilts were examined by laparoscopy and ovarian type was determined by the distribution of macroscopic follicles present on the ovarian surface. Five to ten minutes after surgery, each gilt received a single injection (i.m.) of 750 IU of hCG. At d 0, GT ovaries had a greater number of large follicles (greater than or equal to 6 mm) than HT ovaries (10.0 +/- .5 vs 2.6 +/- .3; P less than .05), whereas HT ovaries had more small follicles (1 to 3 mm; HT: 42.3 +/- .8 vs GT: 26.7 +/- .9; P less than .05) and total follicles (HT: 59.4 +/- 2.3 vs GT: 52.2 +/- 1.5; P less than .05), although numbers of medium follicles (4 to 5 mm) were similar (GT: 15.6 +/- .8 vs HT: 14.6 +/- 1.7; P greater than .10). Number of induced corpora lutea (CL) per ovary was greater (P less than .05) in gilts with GT ovaries (10.59 +/- 2.9 CL) than in gilts with HT ovaries (5.21 +/- .66 CL). Total weight of luteal tissue (LT) per ovary and serum progesterone concentrations 8 d after induction of ovulation were greater in GT gilts than in HT gilts (GT: 6.37 +/- 1.09 g vs HT: 3.31 +/- .49 g for LT, P less than .05; GT: 21.08 +/- 4.76 ng/ml vs HT: 13.40 +/- 2.05 ng/ml for progesterone, P less than .07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Neuronal morphology data bases: morphological noise and assesment of data quality.

For technical, instrumental and operator-related reasons, three-dimensional reconstructions of neurons obtained from intracellularly stained neuronal pieces scattered in serial sections are blurred by some morphological noise. This noise may strongly invalidate conclusions drawn from models built using the three-dimensional reconstructions and it must be taken into account when retrieving digitized neurons from available databases. We analyse the main generating sources of the noise and its consequences for the 'quality' of the data. We provide tools for detecting and evaluating the noise in any database providing sufficient information is given in the database. We propose a unified format for submitting data and a new neuron viewer/editor to analyse the digitized neurons with our tools.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Functional morphology of the adrenal cortex in newborns. II. Morphological and biochemical analysis of lipid accumulation.

The adrenal cortex of 32 newborns and of 3 anencephalic monsters of 16 to 40 weeks' gestational age was examined. Functional activity of the adrenal cortex was followed by analysis of the zonal distribution of lipids and by measurement of the total cholesterol content. The cholesterol content ranged between 0.15 and 0.85 mg/100 g. Cholesterol accumulation was highest in the anencephalic monsters. The relative cholesterol content failed to show any correlation with gestational age. When compared with the biochemical determination of cholesterol content, morphological investigation of lipid accumulation proved to be superior and to be a suitable method for estimation of zonal maturity even in individual cases.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1979

[Hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver (classification, morphology and morphological differential diagnosis].

The current classification of hepatitis and hepatocirrhosis is evaluated on the basis of the literature analysis and the study of the author's own material. Morphological criteria for differential diagnosis of liver diseases of viral and alcohol etiology are proposed. A clinical pathologist examining a liver biopsy may confirm or establish the etiology of the disease, determine the degree of activity and compensation of the process. An analysis of these criteria helps a clinician to choose the method of treatment and to determine the prognosis of the disease.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1981

Morphological aspects and observations about the permeability of the rat mesentery to the lanthanium Nitrate. Some comparisons with the morphology of the human mesentery.

A review in the classic literature showed that many authors were interested about the permeability and structure of the mesentery. With the evolution of new techniques, this subject came back in different research areas. The purpose of this paper concentrates in the study of the permeability of the mesentery and of other small intestine layers of the rat to the lanthanium nitrate. Some comparisons are also made with the morphology of the human mesentery. Human and rat mesentery were used in different methods, and an ultrastructural study was performed. However, in all techniques employed in our paper, we could not observe a single area of the basement membrane that was penetrated by the lanthanium nitrate. We may conclude that the penetration of the lanthanium nitrate is impeded by the basement membrane and that this penetration is also impeded in the intercellular space of the mesothelial layer by the presence of a basal lamina, which is continuous with the basement membrane, as we can see in some of our sections.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Morphologic evolution of the human extensor digitorum and the abductor pollicis longus muscles. II. Morphologic evolution of the human extensor digiti minimi, the abductor pollicis longus, the extensor pollicis brevis and the extensor pollicis longus muscles].

The author has studied the macroscopic morphology of the above mentioned muscles over 3 groups of material: 1. 200 superior limbs of adults and 100 superior limbs of human foetuses from 4,8 cm to 37 cm C.H.L. 2. 100 thoracic limbs from 25 species of non-hominid Primates, 13 thoracic limbs from 6 species of Marsupials and 9 thoracic limbs from 2 species of Insectivores. 3. The organogenesis of the muscles in question is studied over the complete series of transversal cuts of 18 superior limbs of human embryos and foetuses from 13,5 mm to 60 mm C.H.L. Comparison and discussion of the facts is made according to the principles of the evolutionary myology.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparing various forms of morphological diversity by means of dispersion analysis (exemplified by studying measurable morphological traits variation in three rodent genera, Mammalia).

Dispersion analysis of variances (MANOVA) is shown to be of use in comparative analysis of different forms of morphological diversity expressed in measurable traits. This approach is exemplified by analysis of subgeneric, species, subspecies, sex, and individual forms of MD in rodent genera Allactaga, Alticola, and Spalax. Some conditions and limitations of the approach are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1998

[Functional morphology of nucleolus organizer regions of chromosomes and nucleoli in human multiple myeloma cell lines. I. Variation of the morphology and silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions of chromosomes in RMPI 8226 and U 266 cell lines with different level of differentiation of during 7 days after cell passage].

The morphology and Ag-staining of nucleoli in human multiple myeloma cell lines RPMI 8226 and U 266, distinguished from each other in the differentiation degree, were quantitatively studied, and the production of immunoglobulins or their fragments by the line cells was evaluated throughout 7 days after cell seeding. The less differentiated cell line RPMI 8226 and the high differentiated cell line U 266 were revealed to differ in both the initial level of immunoglobulin production and dynamics of immunoglobulin accumulation in culture medium. The total number of Ag-stained nucleolar-organizer regions (AgNORs) per nucleus in cells RPMI 8226 was significantly higher than in cells U 266 in all times after seeding of the cells. In both cell lines changes in the quantity and shape of nucleoli and also in the total number of AgNORs per nucleus and pattern of AgNORs distribution within nucleoli correlated with the cell cycle phase. Relationships between morphofunctional changes in nucleoli and the differentiation degree and proliferative activity of the cells, and also between the number of Ag-positive nucleolar-organizing metaphase chromosomes and the functional activity of interphase AgNORs are discussed.

Cell Differentiation↗