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At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Management of children with non-organic (hysterical) disorders of motor function.

Five children aged between 10 and 13 years are discribed whose disorders of motor function were found to have a non-organic (hysterical) cause. In most cases extensive investigations had been made to establish an organic cause before the hysterical basis was diagnosed. The three essentials of management of such cases are to limit further investigations to the essential minimum, to institute quickly a programme of graduated physical rehabilitation, and to establish and treat the underlying psychological problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Does healing of esophagitis improve esophageal motor function?

This study investigates whether healing of erosive esophagitis leads to an improvement of esophageal motor abnormalities. Manometric studies were performed in 18 patients with erosive esophagitis before and after healing of the mucosal lesions and in 15 healthy controls. Nine patients were treated with a Nissen fundoplication and nine with H2-receptor antagonists. After healing, patients were followed for a mean duration of 3.0 +/- 0.4 years. Compared to controls, patients had significantly lower contraction amplitudes and lower esophageal sphincter pressures (P less than 0.01), while the duration and velocity of esophageal contractions was similar in both groups. Lower esophageal sphincter pressure increased after surgical treatment, while no such changes were observed in medically treated patients. In both groups amplitude, duration, and velocity of esophageal contractions were not affected by healing of esophagitis. On extended follow-up, all surgically treated patients remained asymptomatic while eight of nine medically treated patients developed a symptomatic relapse which was accompanied by erosive esophagitis in six of them. The lack of improvement in esophageal motor function after healing of esophagitis may contribute to the frequent occurrence of relapse in medically treated patients.

Esophagitis, Peptic↗
PubMed1987

[Dynamics of the recovery of motor functions after the stereotaxic removal of intracerebral hematomas (clinical computed tomographic study)].

The recovery of impaired motor functions in patients with intracerebral haemorrhages depends on many factors. It has been proved that surgical removal of intracerebral hematomas improves the survival rate. Yet, the results of recovery primarily depend on the type of surgery. A new method of stereotaxic removal of intracerebral hematomas has a number of advantages over the open method, primarily low traumatism. The prognosis of the recovery of motor ability is determined by not only the type of surgery but by a number of other factors as well, namely, the volume and localization of the hematoma, the degree of deformation of the brain stem and the timing of surgical intervention. The results of clinical employment of the new method in 51 patients should be considered encouraging while the operation of stereotaxic removal of intracerebral hematomas appears rather promising.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[A developmental study of visual-motor function in cerebral palsied children (author's transl)].

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the disorder in the visual-motor function of cerebral palsied children was affected by specific defects or by the distortion in perceptual motor system or by mere developmental lag in the function of recognition and reconstruction using the method of multiple choice and Shochi's Block Design Test (1971). The results were as follows : Cerebral palsied children's developmental lag in the function of recognition was not conspicuous but the development in the function of reconstruction was obviously inferior to that of normal children. There was the difference in reconstruction ability by children with the types of cerebral palsy and intellectual levels and design-constructive patterns. Those factors and the developmental lag cause visual-motor disorders.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1987

Importance of the projection from the sensory to the motor cortex for recovery of motor function following partial thalamic lesion in the monkey.

Motor deficits produced by thalamic lesions were studied using adult cynomolgus monkeys. Lesioned areas included n. ventralis anterior (VA), ventralis lateralis (VL), n. ventralis posterolateralis pars oralis (VPLo), pars caudalis (VPLc) n. subthalamus (STN) and n. centrum medianum (CM). When the lesion included VA, VL and VPLo, there was a cerebellar syndrome, i.e., ataxia and dysmetria. When the lesion included VPLo and VPLc, the animal was paralyzed. When the lesion included VPLo and rostral part of VPLc, there was loss of orientation in hand movement and clumsiness of finger manipulation. These motor deficits gradually disappeared within 1-2 weeks and the function recovered near to normal except for when VPLo and VPLc were totally destroyed. After recovery of motor function, the somatic sensory cortex (areas 1, 2, 3b) ipsilateral to the thalamic lesion was removed. Removal of the sensory cortex resulted in abolition of the recovered function, but when the border area between VPLo and VPLc was intact, the function recovered again. On the other hand, when the thalamic lesion included this border area, succeeding cortical lesion permanently abolished the recovered function or the reappeared function was substantially worse than that before the cortical lesion. Neuronal mechanisms subserving these differences are discussed and it is concluded that when direct sensory input to the motor cortex was interrupted by lesion of the border area between VPLo and VPLc, the lost function was compensated by reorganization of the projection from the sensory cortex to the motor cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Motor function in the normal aging population: treatment with levodopa.

In normal elderly humans there is progressive motor dysfunction and loss of nigrostriatal neurons and brain dopamine similar to, although of a milder degree than, that seen in Parkinson's disease. Ten healthy elderly volunteers were given carbidopa/levodopa or placebo in a double-blind crossover study. We measured movement velocity, reaction time, tremor, visual evoked response (VER), and electroretinography (ERG). Significant changes were seen only in ERG. Motor functions and VER were unchanged. Although there appeared to be pharmacologic activity (ie, changes in ERG), levodopa, in adequate antiparkinson dosage, had no impact on the mild extrapyramidal impairment of normal elderly subjects.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Hemicerebellectomy and motor behaviour in rats. I. Development of motor function after neonatal lesion.

This study was undertaken to determine the effect of a neonatal hemicerebellectomy (HCb) on the motor development of rats and to determine whether various aspects of motor behaviour were affected to a similar degree. Postnatal development of postural reflexes, locomotion and dynamic postural adjustments was examined during the first four months of life in normal and in neonatal HCbed rats. The results indicate that classes of motor responses are controlled by cerebellar networks to clearly different extents. Emergence of quadruped stance, placing reactions and swimming development were unaffected by neonatal cerebellar lesion. Righting reflexes, cliff avoidance and geotaxic reactions, pivoting and crawling all showed a delayed development although the subsequent recovery was almost complete. The complex postural adjustments required in crossing a narrow path or in suspending on a wire remained permanently impaired. Finally, some behaviours developed normally and only subsequently became defective. This "growing into a deficit" was displayed by the progressively reduced hindlimb grasping and the development of a vestibular drop response with a directional bias. An impressive finding was the shifting of postural asymmetries from the lesion side to the contralateral one occurring around the third postnatal week. These data providing a description of the effect of HCb on motor development are interpreted as indicating a progressive involvement of the archi- and neo-cerebellar structures in the motor function of the rat.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Anorectal sensory and motor function in neurogenic fecal incontinence. Comparison between multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus.

We measured anorectal sensory and motor function in 11 patients with multiple sclerosis and fecal incontinence, 11 continent patients with multiple sclerosis, 10 diabetics with fecal incontinence, and 12 healthy control subjects. The threshold volume at which patients with multiple sclerosis and fecal incontinence experienced rectal sensation was higher than that in healthy controls (42.7 +/- 6.2 mL vs. 13.3 +/- 2.8 mL; P less than 0.01) and was similar to that in incontinent diabetics (36.5 +/- 5.7 mL). Patients with multiple sclerosis and incontinent diabetics also showed increased thresholds of phasic external sphincter contraction compared with controls (P less than 0.05). Diabetics with incontinence had reduced resting and maximal voluntary anal sphincter pressures compared with controls (P less than 0.05), whereas patients with multiple sclerosis and incontinence showed only decreased maximal voluntary anal sphincter pressures (P less than 0.01 vs. controls and diabetics). Incontinent patients with multiple sclerosis also required smaller volumes of rectal distention to inhibit internal sphincter tone compared with diabetics and controls (P less than 0.01). Decreased maximal voluntary squeeze pressures were less severe in continent patients with multiple sclerosis than in incontinent patients with multiple sclerosis. We conclude that impaired function of the external anal sphincter and decreased volumes of rectal distention to inhibit the internal anal sphincter or both may contribute to fecal incontinence in multiple sclerosis. In addition, increased thresholds of conscious rectal sensation in some incontinent patients with multiple sclerosis and diabetes mellitus may contribute to fecal incontinence by impairing the recognition of impending defecation.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Dynamics of the activities of postural asymmetry factors and of the recovery of motor function in damage to the neocortex of the left and right hemispheres].

The role of postural asymmetry factors in the recovery of motor function after unilateral cortical lesions was investigated. The differences in the time-course of motor reactions recovery after left- and right-sided cortical damage was found. A more effective compensation of motor defects in animals with left-sided damage was accompanied by stable activity of postural asymmetry factors. The reported results indicate an important role of postural asymmetry factors in the early compensatory intra-central rearrangements.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Motor function compensation in patients with infantile residual encephalopathy and epilepsy following hemispherectomy].

The author studied the time-course of motor function in the paretic and healthy limbs of 12 patients who underwent hemispherectomy. The neurological symptomatology, H-reflex parameters, and the results of a series of motor tests were appraised. In the acute postoperative period, the short-lived signs of central shock in the paretic limbs were observed, which were then replaced by increased excitability of the central nervous system on the side of the hemiparesis. Besides cessation of attacks and epileptic activity on the ECG in the late period, the author recorded total rise of the threshold of H-reflex production and improvement in the performance of the motor tests in unispheric patients, which were regarded as signs of epilepsy compensation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effects of sensory and motor functioning on adult intellectual performance.

This study examined longitudinal health and intelligence data to determine whether sensory or motor deficits account for some of the age-related intellectual changes that are commonly seen from midlife onward. Although sensory and motor functioning did not account for the age-related decrements in performance on speeded, visual perceptual tasks found for this sample in previous work, we did find that hearing deficits added error variance to performance estimates on two verbal subtests of the Wechsler scales.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The action of pentagastrin on motor function and intracavitary pressure in the stomach and duodenum].

The effect of pentagastrin (dose: 6 mkg/kg on the motor function and intracavitary pressure of the stomach and duodenum was studied in 28 healthy persons and 352 patients with duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, chronic pancreatitis, chronic cholecystitis). It was found that pentagastrin stimulates appearance of the III antroduodenal phase. It is recommended to use pentagastrin in patients with chronic antroduodenal disorders of passability and antroduodenal stasis.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Sensory and motor functions of the superior parietal cortex of the monkey as revealed by single-neuron recordings.

From the literature on the functional role of the superior parietal cortex, it can be seen that this cortical area has been attributed both sensory and motor functions, as demonstrated by anatomical and lesion studies. Single-unit recordings in behaving monkeys have equally been interpreted as demonstrating these two functions. However, the results of recent experiments using this technique suggest that area 5 may function in the transformation of sensory activity into motor activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

The avian oesophageal motor function and its nervous control: some physiological, pharmacological and comparative aspects.

1. This paper deals with the avian oesophageal motor function and it attempts to draw some comparative aspects between neural regulation of the avian and mammalian oesophagus. 2. Different from the mammalian oesophagus, the avian oesophagus, presents at rest electrical activity associated to spontaneous contractions. 3. Swallowing elicits peristaltic contraction, characterized by an inhibitory and an excitatory component. 4. Non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic neurons are responsible for the inhibitory component. 5. Contrarily to what observed in mammals, where the peripheral mechanism are important for the peristaltic sequence, the primary peristaltism of birds seems to be entirely mediated by extrinsic nervous system.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Enhancement of voluntary motor function following spinal cord stimulation--case study.

One patient with an incomplete traumatic myelopathy underwent epidural spinal cord stimulation for the management of severe intractable spasms, which were abolished by the stimulation. After several months of stimulation, the patient regained some voluntary motor function in the lower extremities. Voluntary motor control of the left quadriceps was present only when spinal cord stimulation was activated and stopped immediately after it was turned off. The effects could be consistently reproduced. EMG polygraphic recordings confirmed the results.

Adult↗
PubMed1970

Influence of bolus temperature on human esophageal motor function.

Hot and cold water, in comparison to room temperature water, ingested by normal young men, profoundly alters esophageal motor function. Cold water slows or abolishes esophageal peristalsis, prolongs the contraction wave in the distal esophagus, produces a delayed but prolonged relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, and regularly causes a lower esophageal sphincteric contraction of increased amplitude. It does not, however, diminish the frequency of response of the lower esophageal sphincter even when the peristaltic wave above is abolished. Hot water, on the other hand, accelerates the response of the esophagus to the swallow; this change is reflected by increased speed of wave propagation, waves of shorter duration, a more brief relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter, and a lower esophageal sphincter contraction of less amplitude. Hot water may even increase the frequency of peristalsis at least in the proximal esophagus. In spite of these changes, however, neither extreme of temperature altered the rapid passage of the water swallows through the more proximal portions of the esophagus. Hot water tended to traverse the lower esophageal sphincter more rapidly than did room temperature water, but cold water was often delayed in entering the stomach and tended to pool in the distal esophagus even though sphincteric relaxation was manometrically complete and prolonged.

Deglutition↗
PubMed1985

[Relation between features of the recovery of motor functions in patients with ischemic strokes and the site and extent of lesion focus].

The nature and degree of motor disorders, the degree and rate of recovery were shown to be more dependent on the localization than on the size of the cerebral infarction specified by computer-aided tomography of the drain. Localization of infarct in the posterior femur of the internal capsule proved the least favourable with regard to the recovery of motor functions.

Brain↗