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PubMed1981

Bilateral multifocal intraocular cysticercosis.

A 47-year-old male from India was treated for the rare condition of bilateral multifocal intraocular infestation with Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of Taenia solium. The intravitreous parasite in the left eye was removed via pars plana vitrectomy. A subretinal cysticercus in the right eye, which caused a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, was removed via sclerotomy during the scleral buckling procedure. An additional peripapillary subretinal cyst could not be removed. A subconjunctival cysticercus was incidentally found and removed at the time of surgery. The patient returned to India six weeks after surgery and is doing well.

Conjunctival Diseases↗
PubMed2003

Th1 and Th2 indices of the immune response in pigs vaccinated against Taenia solium cysticercosis suggest various host immune strategies against the parasite.

Kinetics of the production of serum antibody levels and Th1 (IL-2, IFN-gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-10) cytokines was studied in five pigs vaccinated with a synthetic tri-peptide vaccine (S3Pvac) against Taenia solium, a vaccine that has been shown protects pigs against naturally acquired infection. Healthy pigs of mixed genetic background, similar to those bred in rural villages of Mexico, were vaccinated with S3Pvac or with adjuvant alone, kept in sanitary conditions and bled at different times after vaccination to study the development of their specific immune response. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of vaccinated pigs showed a significant increment in the production of Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) after specific PBLs stimulation with all the individual peptides. A Th1-inclined cytokine profile leading to an exacerbated local inflammation at the early installation stage of the cysticercus may possibly interfere with their successful establishment in the serum antibodies against total cysticercus antigens and against each of the three different peptides comprising S3Pvac were detected 7-51 days after vaccination. Antibodies against GK-1 interfered with the cysticerci development into intestinal tapeworms in prednisolone-treated hamsters. The sub-lethal crippling effect of anti-GK-1 antibodies upon cysticerci indicates to a therapeutic application of S3Pvac in infected pigs having potential epidemiological consequences, as it could aid in decreasing the number of tapeworms expected to develop from the few cysticerci that survive in the vaccinated pigs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Brain cysticercosis.

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Brain Diseases↗
PubMed2002

Suppressed cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in experimental cysticercosis.

Mitogen-induced T cell responses are suppressed in mice infected with larvae of Taenia crassiceps. The effects of experimental infection on specific T cell responses, however, have not been examined. In the present study, we demonstrate that larval-infected mice exhibit suppressed ability to develop anti-virus specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses while maintaining apparently normal natural killer (NK) cell responsiveness.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Evaluation of tongue inspection and serology for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine: usefulness of ELISA using purified glycoproteins and recombinant antigen.

Evaluation of serology using glycoproteins (GPs) purified by preparative isoelectric focusing (pH 8.8) and recombinant chimeric antigen (RecTs) of Taenia solium was carried out using (1) blood samples on filter papers from pigs infected with different doses of eggs of T. solium in Mexico, (2) serum samples from pigs found infected naturally in Vietnam and Ecuador and (3) serum samples from pigs suspected to be infected with T. solium by tongue inspection in Tanzania. Antibody responses (IgG) were detectable in experimentally infected pigs confirmed harbouring 16 or more cysts at necropsy from 30 days after egg inoculation. One of three pigs naturally infected and harbouring 2.5 cysts/kg muscle and most of pigs harbouring=5.0 cysts/kg were also seropositive by ELISA. Although pigs may be infected with other taeniid species such as Taenia hydatigena, pigs harbouring this parasite were negative in ELISA. Approximately, 76 and 78% of sera from pigs having nodule(s) in the tongue (positive tongue inspection) were serologically positive by both ELISA and immunoblot, respectively. Furthermore, approximately 34 and 18% of sera from pigs having no nodules in the tongue (negative tongue inspection) were also seropositive by ELISA and immunoblot, respectively. ELISA using the two antigens was more sensitive than immunoblot and reliable for differentiation of pigs infected with cysticerci of T. solium from those either uninfected or infected with other taeniid species. Pigs without nodule by tongue inspection should be checked serologically in endemic areas.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Taenia solium cysticercosis in young pigs: age at first infection and histological characteristics.

In spite of the vast knowledge that exists in the fields of immunology, biochemistry, diagnosis and treatment, the basic facts about the dynamics of the transmission of Taenia solium are incomplete. The present study determines the age at which piglets become infected in a rural community of Mexico, where the climate is divided into the dry and rainy seasons. It was found that piglets become infected during the dry months, not so during the rainy season. They pick up eggs at the age of 2 to 4 weeks and the metacestodes are present in the liver. In older animals aged 4 to 6 months, the larvae were also found in the muscles. In a 6-month-old pig larvae were found in the muscles and brain. These findings may be explained by behavioural studies of free living pigs and climatic conditions.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1999

Taenia solium cysticercosis: immunity in pigs induced by primary infection.

The present study demonstrates that pigs experimentally infected with Taenia solium eggs develop resistance to reinfection that lasts at least five months. Thirteen 2-month-old piglets were infected with eggs of Taenia solium. After 5 months, two pigs were euthanized and five were challenged with eggs from a second tapeworm. Nine months after the first infection, six pigs were challenged with a third tapeworm. All 11 challenged pigs were euthanized 2 months after reinfection. In order to confirm the infectivity of the eggs, several piglets were inoculated with each taenia. Two of the five pigs reinfected after 5 months did not develop metacestodes, two showed few caseous non-infective forms and in the fifth pig, 14% of the metacestodes were vesicular and 86% colloidal and caseous. In the six animals challenged 9 months after the first infection, three were heavily infected with vesicular metacestodes and the other three showed only colloid and caseous forms in muscles. All parasites found in brains were vesicular. We conclude that immunity due to primary infection lasts at least 5 months. At 2 months of infection antigens of 24 and 39-42 kDa were the most frequently recognised. In those pigs with only a few caseous cysts in muscles and/or vesicular ones in brains no antibodies were detected.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cysticercosis.

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Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1999

[Cysticercosis].

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Adult↗
PubMed1979

Antigenic components of Taenia saginata and their relevance to the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis by immunoelectrophoresis.

22 antigenic components of Taenia saginata proglottides were detected by immunoelectrophoretic (IEP) study. Cross-absorption of the hyperimmune serum, raised in rabbits against T. saginata, with heterologous and host antigens showed that two thirds of these components were not specific for the cestode. Among the calves experimentally infected with T. saginata eggs, 3 precipitation patterns in IEP were identified depending on the evolutionary stage of the infection. The hydrosoluble extract of T. saginata was used as antigen. A short precipitating arc present near the antigen well and appearing 3 to 4 weeks post-infection of the calves and a long precipitating arc extending towards the anodic end of the slide and appearing in later stages of infection were found of high diagnostic value. No false-positive reaction or cross-reaction were found. Among the calves harbouring less than 50 cysticerci, false-negative reactions were seen.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunization against experimental rabbit cysticercosis using liposome-associated antigen preparations.

Rabbits were vaccinated once, by subcutaneous and intradermal injection, with sonicates of oncospheres (TpO) or conditioned media from in vitro maintained mature metacestodes (TpMcES) of Taenia pisiformis. Extracts were either incorporated into or mixed with unilamellar liposomes (reverse phase evaporative vesicles) or emulsified in Freund's Incomplete Adjuvant (FIA). Control groups received liposomes or FIA without antigen, or antigen preparation without adjuvant. Rabbits were challenged orally two weeks after vaccination with approximately 1500 eggs of T. pisiformis and necropsied eight weeks after challenge. A mean of 155 cysts was recovered from seven control rabbits. A 67% reduction in peritoneal cyst numbers was obtained in TpO-IFA vaccinated rabbits compared to 75% for the TpO-liposome entrapped group. The highest level of protection (86%) was obtained when TpO was mixed with but not entrapped in liposomes. Only 32% and 39% reduction in peritoneal cyst numbers was obtained after immunizing with the TpMcES preparation in liposomes or IFA respectively, however greater than 85% of peritoneal metacestodes were dead (necrotic or calcified) and suggests a different immune response than occurs after vaccination with oncosphere extracts. Specific anti-oncospheral or anti-metacestode ES antibody (IgG) responses at two weeks post vaccination were similar in rabbits immunized with liposome or IFA associated extracts.

Animals↗