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This paper, in three parts, describes additional modified rubber dam utilizations that are generally not attempted with restrictive orthodox application methods. Part II covers alternative means of retention, with the emphasis on nuisance-free and easy application, during the preparatory, impression, and cementation phases of cast restorations.
An increased emphasis on the preservation of tooth structure has led to alternative cavity designs for early proximal caries. The tunnel restoration (which preserves the marginal ridge) and a conservative Class II composite resin restoration were compared in vitro for effects on tooth strength with nondestructive and destructive tests. The tunnel restoration, which is generally thought to be the more conservative of the two techniques, was actually more damaging, as shown by the stiffness, load at fracture, and proximity to the pulp.
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Major changes have taken place in the profession of dentistry during the last three decades. In this overview, the author summarizes developments in vital tooth bleaching, resin bonding in the anterior and posterior Class II locations, veneers, inlays/onlays, all-ceramic crowns, and sonic cementation. An up-to-date knowledge of the state-of-the-art in the profession of dentistry is the learning objective of this overview.
PURPOSE: To compare the shear fracture resistance of complex amalgam restorations retained by four regular TMS pins, four amalgapins, Amalgambond, or four amalgapins in conjunction with Amalgambond. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty maxillary molars free of caries were mounted in acrylic resin and the occlusal surfaces were ground flat to within 2 mm of the CEJ. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth. Each group provided one of the four different methods of resistance. Dispersalloy was condensed into the prepared specimens. The specimens were adjusted to provide 4 mm height of amalgam. After 1000 thermocycles, the specimens were loaded at a 45 degree angle to the occlusal surface at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/second. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that Amalgambond, four amalgapins and four amalgapins in conjunction with Amalgambond provided more resistance to shear force than four regular TMS pins.
The purposes of this study were (1) to establish a methodology for determining surface strains in two locations of the same tooth under intact, prepared, and restored conditions and (2) to compare the effects on stiffness of different restorative materials in a tooth subjected to cuspal loading. Two linear strain gauges were mounted on each of 30 extracted maxillary premolar teeth. Teeth were mounted in poly(methyl methacrylate) resin and randomly assigned to one of three study groups according to the restorative material and application technique to be used. Statistical analysis indicated a statistically significant interaction between restorative material and tooth condition at both proximal and buccal sites and a statistically significant difference in stiffness between teeth restored with Tenure/Marathon V and those restored with either amalgam or Scotchbond 2/P-50 at the proximal site. Results suggest that the methods employed provide a useful, nondestructive means of testing the same tooth under various conditions.
This study investigates the hardness, structure, composition, and thickness of coatings on two dental instruments and the changes which occurred when the instruments were subjected to conditions that closely match their clinical use. One group of instruments had a titanium nitride coating that was approximately 8 micrometers thick and had a hardness of 19.5 GN/m2. The coating on the other instrument was alumina (aluminium oxide) and contained some microcracks even when new; this coating was thicker (approximately 30 micrometers) and had a hardness less than the titanium nitride coating (15.8 GN/m2). The results showed that the titanium nitride coating was structurally superior compared with the aluminium oxide coating. Laboratory wear tests against composite resin showed that the wear resistance of titanium nitride was superior to that of stainless steel whether assessed in terms of weight or volume loss.
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Twenty posts of 1.25 mm diameter and 10 of 1.0 mm diameter were cast in 4 different metals, namely, Argenco 4, Argenco 9, Wiron 99 and Rexillium V (5 each). These posts as well as pre-formed wrought stainless steel and titanium posts (5 each of the same diameter) were tested in an Instron machine to a deformation point of one millimetre. Of the cast posts, those of Rexillium proved to be the most rigid but could only withstand 68 per cent of the force that the wrought posts could resist. No statistically significant differences were found between the wrought posts of stainless steel and titanium and between gold and Argenco 9 in the 1.25 mm category and between stainless steel and titanium and Wiron 99, Argenco 9 and gold in the 1.0 mm category.
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There is some controversy about whether or not tooth preparation is needed before placing porcelain laminate veneers. Without adequate preparation, the added surface contour may increase the risk of periodontal disease. When properly executed, veneers for cosmetic dentistry should be reversible. Many teeth that could have been saved with the use of a conservative laminate veneer are destroyed by full crown reduction. The case presented in this article illustrates the preparation of six maxillary anteriors with with pronounced spaces between them for laminate veneer placement.
In developing improved dental materials and application techniques, high standards and goals are set by the clinicians and the manufacturers. This article summarizes the prerequisites and desirable qualities required of composite resins for long-term success. A particular composite has demonstrated predictable and consistent long-term results and has established its place in quality dentistry. The applications for this composite resin are outlined in a clinical procedure. Its anterior/posterior universality is recognized. Several pre- and postoperative examples, in function for up to 12 years, are used to illustrate the results.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.