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PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of wolfram, molybdenum, copper and arsenic on intrauterine fetal development].

Experients showed tungsten, molibdenum, copper and arsenic employed in doses producing no general toxic effect on the organism with their prolonged introduction to act adversely on the embryogenesis. Tungsten copper and arsenic were found to increase the embryonal lethality and tungsten and molebdenum to inhibit the processes of bones ossification in fetuses. The authors presume that the embryotoxic effect of the study elements is due to their direct action on the developing organism. Tungsten molibdenum and copper amass in the organism of test fetuses without being arrested in the placenta. A possible embryotoxic effect should be taken account of in chosing biogenic doses of trace elements.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Immunohistochemical characterization of renin-containing cells in the human juxtaglomerular apparatus during embryonal and fetal development.

Thirty kidneys from nine embryos, 20 fetuses, and one full-term baby were examined for their renin content by immunofluorescence and the peroxidase antiperoxidase method, using an antihuman renin antiserum. Renin-containing cells were found in the early metanephros (5-week-old fetuses). Most of them were located in the wall of well-developed renal arteries in the vicinity of the prospective vascular pole of the glomeruli. In the poorly differentiated peripheral renal cortex, intracellular fluorescence was seen in nearby arterioles of pocket-like s-shaped tubules. Rarely, labeled cells were found in the wall of major branches of renal arteries. In all locations, the renin-containing cells appear to be clearly linked to the development of the renal vascular system.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed1981

[Thermal acclimatation in rats. I. Influence on reproductivity and fetal development].

Virgin female rats were kept in rooms where temperature was about 5 degrees C higher or lower than standard rearing temperature for two weeks before mating and during pregnancy. Acclimatation to changed environmental conditions caused reproductive alterations: ovulation increase; decrease of implanting blastocists and/or viable foetuses; developmental defects.

Acclimatization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morphometric study of the fetal development of the human hip joint: significance for congenital hip disease.

Hip joints (280) from 140 human fetuses, obtained from abortions and deaths in the perinatal period, were studied. The fetuses ranged from 8.7 to 40 cm in crown-rump length and are believed to be between 12 and 42 weeks in age. The joints were dissected, morphology inspected, and measurements taken of the depth and diameter of the acetabulum, the diameter of the femoral head, length and width of the ligament of the head, the neck-shaft, and torsion angles of the proximal femur. Regression models were fitted to determine which would best predict the growth pattern. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no significant differences between males and females or between the right and left sides. Acetabular depth was shown to be the slowest-growing hip variable, increasing less than fourfold in the period studied. Acetabular indices less than 50 percent indicate a shallow socket at term. Femoral head and acetabular diameter demonstrated a strong relationship (r = 0.860) and in many joints the femoral head diameter exceeded that of the acetabulum. Considerable variability was demonstrated in both femoral angles. The femoral angles showed only low correlation with the other hip variables. These observations indicate that soft tissue structures about the joint must play an important role in neonatal joint stability. The explanation of greater female and left side involvement in congenital hip disease must lie in factors other than growth changes of hip dimensions. Neither angle appears to be a useful indicator of normal joint development.

Acetabulum↗
PubMed1980

Embryonal and fetal development of capillaries: microangiographic investigations. I. The brain stem.

The prenatal development of the intracerebral capillaries within the brain stem was systematically examined by a special microangiographic technique in 69 embryos and fetuses of cattle and pigs between 4 and 17 weeks of gestation. The microradiograms were compared with the corresponding histological slices. The different developmental stages and morphological patterns of vascularization are related to the local stage of maturation, histological structure and metabolic activity of the nervous tissue.

Angiography↗