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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Water, fixed charge density, protein contents, and lysine incorporation into protein in chymopapain-digested intervertebral disc of rabbit.

Chymopapain (Discase) was injected at a dose of 0.125 nanokatal unit into the intervertebral discs of rabbits, and sequential changes in the metabolism of water, proteoglycan, collagen, and noncollagenous protein were investigated separately in the nucleus pulposus, anterior, and posterior anulus fibrosus. One week after chymopapain injection, the water and proteoglycan content was lower in all of the fractionated tissues of the anterior and posterior anulus and nucleus pulposus of the discs than in the control discs. In the anterior and posterior anulus, the proteoglycan content recovered after 12 weeks, but there was no recovery in the nucleus pulposus. The collagen content continued to increase up to the 12th week in the nucleus pulposus, while the noncollagenous protein content decreased in all tissue fractions after 1 week. In the anterior and posterior anulus, the content of noncollagenous protein recovered after 3 to 6 weeks, but there was no recovery in the nucleus pulposus. The lysine incorporation in collagen and noncollagenous protein was inhibited in all tissue fractions after 12 weeks, suggesting a decrease in synthetic activity. The intradiscal pressure calculated from proteoglycan hydration at 1 to 6 weeks after chymopapain injection showed a marked decrease to 0.8 to 0.9 atm, but it recovered to 1.6 atm after 12 weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Herniated cervical intervertebral discs: histological and immunohistochemical characteristics.

We examined the histological and immunohistochemical changes within and around herniated cervical intervertebral discs. A total of 28 herniated discs were harvested en bloc during anterior decompressive surgeries and examined together with the surrounding tissues. The presence of herniated discs correlated with the degeneration of cartilaginous endplate and torn annulus fibrosus. Formation of new blood vessels around the herniated discs was detected, using von Willebrand factor antibody, in seven (25% of all) uncontained hernias and eight (38%) contained hernias. Immunohistochemical studies using specific antibodies showed the presence of cells positive for matrix metalloproteinase-3 (chondrocytes), CD68 (macrophages and monocytes), and interleukin-1 beta (endothelial cells), in cervical disc hernias. Our results suggested that the magnitude and degree of immunohistochemical tissue reaction in cervical disc herniation correlate with the extent as well as location of herniated disc material.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

A prospective study of anterior cervical spondylodesis in intervertebral disc disorders.

In 1977, a prospective study of anterior cervical fusion was started in cases of intervertebral disc disorders with neuropathy and/or myelopathy up to 1986. A total of 193 patients was operated upon, of whom 179 were available for this study, with a mean follow-up time of 10.4 years (6-14 years) and a mean age of 51 years (28-76). There was an extensive record for every patient according to the protocol. The indication for operation was decided upon by an orthopaedic surgeon and a neurologist and was defined as discopathy with progressive neurological disorders, which did not respond to conservative therapy. The wearing of a stiff collar for 6 weeks during which time there was a improvement of the neurological symptoms was a strict precondition for the operation. Up to 5 levels were fused, with a mean of 2.3 levels per patient. During the operation a discography was performed on the symptomatic level(s) and the adjacent levels. All levels with positive discopathy were fused. In this long-term study the overall percentage of excellent and good results was about 82%. The results of fusions involving more than two levels were very encouraging.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1987

Type VI collagen of the intervertebral disc. Biochemical and electron-microscopic characterization of the native protein.

The collagen framework of the intervertebral disc contains two major fibril-forming collagens, types I and II. Smaller amounts of other types of collagen are also present. On examination of the nature and distribution of these minor collagens within bovine disc tissue, type VI collagen was found to be unusually abundant. It accounted for about 20% of the total collagen in calf nucleus pulposus, and about 5% in the annulus fibrosus. It was discovered by serially digesting disc tissue with chondroitin ABC lyase and Streptomyces hyaluronidase that native covalent polymers of type VI collagen could be extracted. Electron micrographs of this material prepared by rotary shadowing revealed the characteristic dimensions of tetramers and double tetramers of type VI molecules, with their central rods and terminal globular domains. Molecular-sieve column chromatography on agarose under non-reducing non-denaturing conditions gave a series of protein peaks with molecular sizes equivalent to the tetramer, double tetramer and higher multimers. On SDS/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis after disulphide cleavage, these fractions of type VI collagen all showed a main band at Mr 140,000 and four lesser bands between Mr 180,000 and 240,000. On electrophoresis without disulphide cleavage in agarose/2.4% polyacrylamide only dimeric (six chains) and tetrameric (12 chains) forms of type VI molecules were present. The ability to extract all the type VI collagen of the tissue in 4 M-guanidinium chloride, and absence of aldehyde-mediated cross-linking residues on direct analysis, showed that, in contrast with most matrix collagens, type VI collagen does not function as a covalently cross-linked structural polymer.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Immunohistologic study of the ruptured intervertebral disc of the lumbar spine.

STUDY DESIGN: This study analyzed immunohistological features of the extruded or sequestrated intervertebral disc of the lumbar spine. To clarify the pathogenesis of neovascularization, cells isolated from herniated disc were cultured and examined biologically. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to characterize the histologic features of extruded or sequestrated discs and inflammatory cells that infiltrate along the margins of the disc tissue and to clarify the pathogenesis of neovascularization observed at the edge of the disc tissue. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: When some of the contents of the disc extrudes into the epidural space and is considered "foreign," an autoimmune response develops, which can lead to a chronic inflammatory response. However, the pathogenesis of inflammatory cell infiltrations and neovascularization are not clearly defined. METHODS: The herniated discs were obtained during surgery and were stained with anti-interleukin-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen, and basic fibroblast growth factor antibodies by using an indirect immunoperoxidase method. Cells isolated from herniated disc were cocultured with human endothelial cells and basic fibroblast growth factor contained by cultured disc cells were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: The ingrowth of granulation tissue with vascularization, occurring at the edge of fibrocartilage fragment, was present at 11 of 16 of extruded and 3 of 5 of sequestrated discs. Anti-interleukin-1, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen, and basic fibroblast growth factor were expressed on most of mononuclear cells infiltrating into the extruded or sequestrated disc. Cells from the extruded or sequestrated disc demonstrated significantly greater levels of basic fibroblast growth factor than those from the protruded disc, and they enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that mononuclear cells infiltrating along the margins of extruded discs expressed inflammatory mediators and might induce neovascularization and persistence of inflammation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Basic and update knowledge of intervertebral disc herniation: review.

Lumbar disc herniation is one of the most common causes of low back pain and/or sciatica. However, the pathogenesis of lumbar disc herniation, low back pain, and sciatica has not been fully understood. Inflammation in nerve root and dorsal root ganglia induced by nucleus pulposus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of spinal pain. I reviewed the basic and update papers regarding lumbar disc herniation. Herniated nucleus pulposus had been considered an enchondroma occurred from intervertebral disc, historically. At present, however, it is emphasized that nucleus pulposus has an inflammatogenic properties to affect the nerve root function, structure, vascular permeability, and pain.

Ganglia, Spinal↗
PubMed1993

Proteoglycan synthesis in canine intervertebral discs after long-distance running training.

The alterations and distribution of proteoglycan (PG) synthesis in the intervertebral discs of young dogs exercised with long-distance running (40 km/day) were studied with a method based on image analysis of tissue sections. Ten dogs were run on a treadmill daily for 55 weeks, and 10 dogs from the same litters served as controls. The daily running distance gradually was increased to 40 km and was maintained at that level for the final 15 weeks. Midsagittal disc segments C7-T1, T8-9, and L1-2 were labeled with 35SO4, and histological sections of the segments were apposed against autoradiographic film to determine the synthesis of PGs. Next, the same sections were stained with safranin O to estimate possible alterations in PG concentration. The radiographs and stained sections were digitized with a flatbed scanner and measured by image analysis. The lumbar discs of runners displayed a significantly lower rate of 35SO4 incorporation, while a tendency toward enhanced incorporation was seen in the cervical and thoracic discs. Safranin O staining showed a pattern just opposite to 35SO4 incorporation: decreased staining in the cervical and thoracic discs and increased staining in the lumbar discs of the runners. The results demonstrate qualitatively different influences of long-term running training on PG metabolism at the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar levels in young dogs.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Growth related increase in an intervertebral disc space in rats.

Methods have been developed that permit repetitive radiographic measurement of the lumbar L4-5 intervertebral disc space area in the laboratory rat. In using this approach, the coefficient of variation in repetitive determinations was 7.6 +/- 0.7%. Normal rats have been shown to manifest statistically significant increase in disc space area size between 2.5 and 5 months of age.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Penetration of cephazolin in human lumbar intervertebral disc.

STUDY DESIGN: Levels of the antibiotic cephazolin were measured in disc and blood from a consecutive series of patients undergoing lumbar spinal fusion. OBJECTIVES: To determine if levels of cephazolin in the human disc reach the stated minimum inhibitory concentration against Staphylococcus aureus (1 mg/L) following intravenous administration, and to determine if there is a therapeutic relationship between serum concentration and disc concentration. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Disc space infection is a potential complication of surgical procedures that violates the intervertebral disc. Bacteria, often from normal skin flora, can be introduced into the disc space causing inflammation with destruction of the adjacent vertebral endplate. Although there is substantial evidence from animal studies that prophylactic antibiotics reduce the incidence of discitis, similar evidence in human beings is not strong. METHODS: A total of 30 patients, including 15 females and 15 males, with a mean age 42 years (range 21-63), received 1-g cephazolin (intravenous) during 1 or 2-level lumbar spinal fusion surgery. Venous blood was collected before administration of cephazolin and again at disc removal. Disc cephazolin concentrations were measured at the same time serum levels were measured for each patient. RESULTS: The interval between cephazolin administration and tissue sampling ranged from 7 to 137 minutes. Cephazolin concentration in the serum (range 31.1-148 mg/L) was higher than in the disc (range 0-9.5 mg/L). The concentration of cephazolin peaked in the serum at 7 minutes, and in the disc between 37 and 53 minutes. More than 70% of the disc samples had detectable levels of cephazolin at the time the disc was removed, although only half of these samples had cephazolin levels higher than 1 mg/L. All serum cephazolin concentrations were higher than 1 mg/L. Serum cephazolin concentration did not relate to disc concentration at a given time. CONCLUSIONS: The time when antibiotic concentration is highest in the disc varies among patients. More than 70% of disc samples had detectable levels of cephazolin, although only half of the discs contained cephazolin higher than the stated minimum inhibitory concentration for S. aureus(>1 mg/L). Factors such as molecular charge, degree of disc degeneration, and disc size may influence antibiotic penetration into the disc.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Problems in the radiographic interpretation of intervertebral disc disease in the dog.

There are several problems associated with the radiographic diagnosis and assessment of intervertebral disc disease in the dog, including both technical matters and image interpretation. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss some of the problems and offer possible solutions. These will become dated in the future as newer methods of imagery (e.g., magnetic resonance imagery and computed tomography) and newer contrast agents become more available in veterinary medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed2024

Disassembly of the TRIM56-ATR complex promotes cytoDNA/cGAS/STING axis-dependent intervertebral disc inflammatory degeneration.

As the leading cause of disability worldwide, low back pain (LBP) is recognized as a pivotal socioeconomic challenge to the aging population and is largely attributed to intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD). Elastic nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue is essential for the maintenance of IVD structural and functional integrity. The accumulation of senescent NP cells with an inflammatory hypersecretory phenotype due to aging and other damaging factors is a distinctive hallmark of IVDD initiation and progression. In this study, we reveal a mechanism of IVDD progression in which aberrant genomic DNA damage promoted NP cell inflammatory senescence via activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/stimulator of IFN genes (cGAS/STING) axis but not of absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome assembly. Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated and Rad3-related protein (ATR) deficiency destroyed genomic integrity and led to cytosolic mislocalization of genomic DNA, which acted as a powerful driver of cGAS/STING axis-dependent inflammatory phenotype acquisition during NP cell senescence. Mechanistically, disassembly of the ATR-tripartite motif-containing 56 (ATR-TRIM56) complex with the enzymatic liberation of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 5 (USP5) and TRIM25 drove changes in ATR ubiquitination, with ATR switching from K63- to K48-linked modification, c thereby promoting ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent dynamic instability of ATR protein during NP cell senescence progression. Importantly, an engineered extracellular vesicle-based strategy for delivering ATR-overexpressing plasmid cargo efficiently diminished DNA damage-associated NP cell senescence and substantially mitigated IVDD progression, indicating promising targets and effective approaches to ameliorate the chronic pain and disabling effects of IVDD.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Variations in the nutrition of the canine intervertebral disc induced by motion.

In this experiment study, we have investigated some transport and metabolic parameters of the canine intervertebral disc induced by spinal motion. The movements of the spine were obtained during supervised exercise, where either moderate, violent, or specific movements were performed. The results show changes in the metabolic rates as well as in concentration profiles of metabolites of the exercised groups in comparison to the control group. An increasing aerobic metabolism was noted in the outer part of the annulus and in the central part of the nucleus pulposus, resulting in a reduction of the lactate concentration. These findings do indicate that spinal movements, over a longer period of time give rise to positive nutritional variations. Furthermore, the reported changes might be of significance also for the human lumbar disc problem, since previous studies have demonstrated nutritional similarities between the discs of dogs and men.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion: experience of 67 cases and review of the literature.

Sixty-seven cases of thoracic intervertebral disc protrusion are reported with an analysis of clinical and radiological findings. The findings include the fact that male: female ratio is approximately equal, peak incidence is in the 3rd to 5th decade with another peak at age 30-40 in men. This latter peak appears to be associated with trauma which is otherwise uncommon. Results of surgical treatment indicate that the transthoracic and costotransversectomy routes are almost equally effective; laminectomy is not advised.

Adolescent↗