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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Nicotine and angiogenesis: a new paradigm for tobacco-related diseases.

The pathophysiology of tobacco-related diseases is complex and multifactorial. Among the approximately 4,000 compounds in tobacco smoke are carcinogens such as nitrosamines, irritants such as a variety of phenolic compounds, volatiles such as carbon monoxide, and of course nicotine. Nicotine itself has quite complex actions, mediated in part by nicotinic cholinergic receptors that may have extraneuronal, as well as neuronal distribution. This review discusses the mechanisms by which nicotine contributes to tobacco-related disease, with a focus on the surprising new finding that nicotine is a potent angiogenic agent. Nicotine hijacks an endogenous nicotinic cholinergic pathway present in endothelial cells that is involved in physiological, as well as pathological angiogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Biomorphosis of arteries].

The discrimination between normal aging and disease is very difficult, especially in the vascular system. The main factors, gene expression, physical forces, and environmental conditions are effective in normal and pathological circumstances. The changes in extracellular and cellular level are described. During aging, a fibrosis and a reduction of the cellular functions in the vascular wall are found. This deteriorates the blood streaming and favours pathological processes, e.g. atherosclerosis.

Aging↗
PubMed1998

Radiation choroidopathy with remodeling of the choroidal venous system.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of radiation choroidopathy manifesting drastic remodeling of choroidal drainage routes. METHOD: Case report. A 34-year-old man who had received radiation treatment for a tumor in the upper eyelid of his right eye 15 years earlier had floating black spots. He was examined ophthalmologically, including with indocyanine green angiography using a scanning laser ophthalmoscope. RESULTS: The right eye manifested classic features of radiation retinopathy in the superior fundus. Indocyanine green angiography showed vaso-occlusion of choroidal arteries, capillaries, and veins in a wider area than that affected by radiation retinopathy. The superotemporal vortex vein was obliterated, resulting in a remodeling of the choroidal veins in the same quadrant. The blood in this quadrant drained into the inferotemporal vortex vein through collateral venovenous drainage routes. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis in this eye was radiation retinopathy and radiation choroidopathy. Choroidal vascular lesions were more pronounced and involved a wider area than retinal vascular lesions did. This case illustrates that the choroidal veins may manifest a vast plasticity to remodel the drainage route after obliteration of a major vortex vein.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

VEGF-receptor inhibitors for anti-angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is deeply involved in the progression of major diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis. Molecular mechanism on angiogenesis was extensively studied, and several signaling systems including VEGF (VEGF-A), angiopoietin, PDGF, and ephrin were shown to be crucial for physiological angiogenesis. Interestingly, among these factors, VEGF appears to play key roles in most of the pathological angiogenesis, and other factors are considered to have additional effects on its development depending on the situation. VEGF binds and activates two tyrosine kinase receptors, VEGFR-1 (Flt-1) and VEGFR-2 (KDR/Flk-1), and stimulates endothelial cell growth, survival, and vascular permeability. VEGF induces not only tumor angiogenesis but also blood-vessel-dependent metastasis. Based on the importance of VEGF in diseases, many companies and institutes are now trying to generate appropriate small molecules as well as proteins that strongly antagonize the VEGF-VEGFR system. Several molecules quite effective for suppression of tumorigenesis and pathological angiogenesis in animal models are under clinical trials.

Angiogenesis Inhibitors↗
PubMed1983

Oxygenation and vasodilatation in relation to diabetic and other proliferative retinopathies.

The features of proliferative retinopathies are reviewed with reference to the vasodilatation that is a common stage in their pathogenesis. Vasodilatation in the retina is discussed in terms of a model in which vessel wall stretch in the retinal venules leads to leakage and proliferation. The beneficial effects of treatments such as panretinal photocoagulation and vitrectomy on the retinal hemodynamics are shown to agree with the hypothetical model.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Angiogenic growth factors.

Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, plays a central role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes such as embryonic development, wound healing and tumor growth. It is a complex, multi-step process that involves the migration and proliferation of capillary endothelial cells. Several factors that stimulate the proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro have been shown to induce angiogenesis in vivo. Among these angiogenic growth factors are wide-spectrum multifunctional mitogens (e.g. the fibroblast growth factors) and the recently identified factors with distinct specificity for vascular endothelial cells (e.g. the platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor). Another group of factors apparently induce angiogenesis indirectly (e.g. transforming growth factor-beta) by stimulating target cells to release angiogenic factors or by other mechanisms. The differential expression, release and activation of these factors might regulate angiogenesis under various physiological and pathological conditions.

Angiogenesis Inducing Agents↗