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Results for “PROGNATHISM”

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PubMed1977

The craniofacial pattern of the Lengua Indians of Paraguay.

Lateral cephalometric headfilms of 30 male and 30 female Lengua Indians taken in the Chaco area of Paraguay were compared with a sample of 23 male and 25 female South African Caucasoids with excellent occlusion. The most obvious difference noted between the two population groups was the degree of prognathism evident in the Lengua. This was attributed to the generally shorter anterior cranial base in the latter group rather than to the size or forward positioning of their jaws. The significantly larger ANB (Subspinale, Nasion, Supramentale) angle observed in the Lengua was attributed to one or both of two factors, namely, the short anterior cranial base or the clockwise rotation (forward tipping) of the jaws relative to the anterior cranial base. Chinpoint position relative to the anterior cranial base in the Lengua is not much different from that of our Caucasoid sample. The lower incisor teeth in the Lengua, but not the upper ones, are more labially inclined than those of the Caucasoids.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and radiologic aspects of maxillonasal dysostosis (Binder syndrome).

Maxillonasal dysostosis, described by Binder in 1962, is probably more common than one would think from the small number of cases that have been published (fewer than 40). We have seen 37 cases of this syndrome over a period of 8 years. Diagnosis of the syndrome is easy because of its characteristic anomalies of the upper lip and nose: smallness of the nose, a groove under the columella, a "half-moon" appearance of the nasal apertures, absence of the nasal spine, and projection of the chin. In addition, we have observed several associated abnormalities: convergent strabismus (2 cases), mongolism (1 case), labiomaxillopalatine cleft (1 case), and, of particular note, numerous abnormalities of the cervical spine, frequently associated with mandibular prognathism. In view of the frequency of the latter abnormalities. Binder syndrome might well be called a "nasomaxillovertebral syndrome."

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed1989

[The head-chin cap--a functional risk?].

The investigation presented here is concerned with the question whether the use of a chin cap by prognathic patients involves a functional risk to the masticatory system. By a comparison of two patient groups through use of the Helkimo Index no evidence for this could be found.

Dental Occlusion↗

PubMed2004

Association of advanced hypodontia and craniofacial morphology in Japanese orthodontic patients.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of advanced hypodontia on craniofacial morphology in Japanese patients. We defined advanced hypodontia as a congenital absence of four or more permanent teeth, excluding the third molars. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 20 female orthodontic patients (age range, 8.5 to 19 years; mean age, 13.9 years) were examined. Twenty-eight angular and 37 linear measurements were taken from each cephalogram, and these cephalometric data were statistically analyzed and compared with the Japanese cephalometric standards. The most frequently missing teeth were the mandibular and maxillary second premolars, followed by the maxillary first premolars and the maxillary first molars, in that order. Compared with the Japanese standards, a smaller cranial base length and angle, a shorter maxillary length, a slightly prognathic and upward-rotated mandible, and retroclination of the upper and lower incisors were found in the patients studied. These craniofacial anomalies should be taken into consideration in treatment planning and mechanotherapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Critical evaluation of the ANB angle.

It has been demonstrated, first, in an empirical manner (qualitatively) and, second, in a geometric-mathematical manner (quantitatively) that the ANB angle depends not only on the anteroposterior relationship of the jawbones (which it should measure) but also on the maxillary inclination and maxillary prognathism, and slightly on the facial dimensions. Faces having the same anteroposterior value for the jawbones can have very different ANB angles (Figs. 3 and 4) and vice versa.

Cephalometry↗

PubMed1980

Relation of the SNA angle to the saddle angle.

The degree of the individual facial prognathism, considering the relationship between the SNA and NSAr angles, was studied in a sample of forty-two children with Class I (Angle) malocclusion. A definite relationship was found between the NSAr and SNA angles. When the NSAr angle was large, the SNA angle was relatively small; on the contrary, when the NSAr angle was small, the SNA angle was significantly large. The conclusion was drawn that in persons with Class I malocclusion, a marked part of the variation of the SNA angle is to be explained by the variation of the NSAr angle. Since the value of the SNA angle can be affected by the configuration of the cranial base, it should be used with caution, especially if the value of the NSAr angle is abnormal.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Cephalometric findings in three cases of cleidocranial dysostosis.

Three cases of cleidocranial dysostosis, involving one boy and two girls 13 to 15 years of age, were analyzed cephalometrically. All the cases were characterized by real maxillary prominence in addition to mandibular prognathism. Although the skeletal development of the face in the present cases was atypical rather than typical of cleidocranial dysostosis, the possible individual variation should be noticed when a person with abnormal skeletal development is analyzed cephalometrically for diagnostic purposes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Mandibular growth rates in human fetal development.

A morphometric analysis of changing proportions in the developing mandible was undertaken in 18 human embryos and fetuses of both sexes (developmental age from 8 to 14 weeks, crown-rump length, CRL, from 34 to 110 mm), previously cleared and stained with a specific method for bone (alizarin red S). Reference points were located on the mandible, i.e. condylar process (Pcl), coronoid process (Pco), gnathion (GN), gonion (GO), superior symphyseal point (SSP), for measuring linear dimensions, i.e. Pcl-GN, Pcl-Pco, Pco-GN, GO-GN, SSP-GN. The gonial (Pcl-GO-GN) and the (Pcl-GN-Pcl) angles were also measured. All linear dimensions were correlated with the CRL by bivariate allometry (1n y = 1n a+b 1n x): they all grew with positive allometry, except GO-GN with isometry. The mandibular ramus grew relatively faster than the body, both in length and height, and the greatest growth rate was found for ramus height. The relation between mandibular shape and the craniofacial structures was investigated using scale drawings obtained from photographs of fetal skulls in lateral view. In the youngest fetuses the mandible was prognathic, then became retrognathic. During the period investigated the zygomatic process and squama of the temporal bone were in a lower and more inclined position in relation to the transverse plane passing through the zygomatic arch than in the newborn and adult. This study identifies parameters fitting changing trends in height, length and shape of the human mandible during the prenatal period (8-14 weeks); moreover, it emphasizes that the mandibular growth patterns differ significantly from those of successive development periods.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

The medical and anaesthetic management of acromegalic patients undergoing maxillo-facial surgery.

Three acromegalic patients are described in whom successful surgical correction of the prognathism was performed. No immediate post-operative upper respiratory tract obstruction nor cardiac dysrrhythmias occurred as have been reported in previously recorded cases. It is suggested that particular attention be paid to the recognition and prevention of these complications. In addition we believe that initial treatment should be directed to the achievement of as near normal growth hormone levels as possible for at least a year before maxillo-facial surgery so that there may be maximal soft tissue regression and reduction of airway hazards and cardiac embarrassment.

Acromegaly↗

PubMed1983

Traumatic neuroma following sagittal split mandibular osteotomy.

A 23-year-old female patient had a sagittal split mandibular osteotomy performed to correct prognathism. Two years after surgery she developed pain in the distribution of the right inferior dental and mental nerves. The area was investigated surgically and a traumatic neuroma was excised.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Extraoral sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus.

A new type of extraoral sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramis and retromolar region is described. This is a simple and versatile procedure which may may be used in the correction of prognathism, retrognathism, open bite, and mandibular asymmetry. The procedure shares all the advantages of the intraoral sagittal osteotomy of the mandibular ramus and has several other advantages as well. A case is presented for illustration.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Mandibular (sigmoid) notch retractor.

A rectractor which is useful in the Vertical Subsigmoid Mandibular Osteotomy operation for correction of mandibular prognathism is described.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1984

Complications after mandibular sagittal split osteotomy.

Sagittal split osteotomy has been performed routinely for correction of mandibular prognathism, retrognathia, mild open bite, and asymmetry. Intraoperative and early or late postoperative complications were evaluated in 258 patients operated on by this technique. With meticulous performance of the operation and long-term maxillomandibular fixation, complications can be negligible, and relapse, the most problematic postoperative issue, can be significantly reduced.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Genetic and environmental factors in the development of so-called pseudo- and true mesiocclusions.

Separation of genetic and environmental factors related to the development of so-called pseudo- and true mesioclusions was attempted and the classification, which is in common use in clinical orthodontics, reconsidered. A differential diagnosis of these two types of mesioclusions was made depending on whether or not the mandible slid forward into displacement by incisal guidance. By means of lateral roentgenographic cephalograms obtained from 66 pseudo- and 48 true mesioclusion patients and 52 control subjects, and their respective parents, the craniofacial morphogenetic characteristics of each mesioclusion were determined. A familial tendency to prognathic skeletal profile was noted in cases of both pseudo- and true mesioclusions. Nearly all of the significant morphogenetic differences between the two groups of patients with mesioclusion were related to environmental factors. The terms "pseudo" and "true" are probably misleading expressions for these mesioclusions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Skeletal fixation versus skeletal relapse.

The use of skeletal fixation was evaluated for skeletal stability during the period of intermaxillary fixation following a modified sagittal split ramus osteotomy for mandibular prognathism. A combination of bilateral maxillary peralveolar wires and circummandibular wires in the canine region was used for the fixation. One group of patients with this method of fixation (S group) and a second group without the fixation (C group) were compared cephalometrically. Statistically significant differences existed in the amount and pattern of relapse; the fixation produced a significant effect on retention of the corrected chin position. As a consequence, downward and backward rotation of the distal fragment of the mandible and compensatory incisor extrusion were notably controlled. However, upward shift of the posterior end of the distal fragment occurred persistently even in the S group, causing considerable intrusion of the posterior teeth in comparison with the C group. This seems to indicate that tension, probably exerted by the pterygomasseteric sling, is important in postoperative skeletal instability.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Cause of early skeletal relapse after mandibular setback.

The present study was undertaken to examine the factors that might be responsible for the skeletal relapse occurring during the period of intermaxillary fixation after mandibular setback osteotomy. Fifteen patients, treated for absolute mandibular prognathism by modified sagittal split ramus osteotomy and fixation by skeletal suspension wiring, were evaluated cephalometrically by reference to the degree of postsurgical superior shift of the gonial region of the distal segment as a parameter of relapse since such a shift was evident despite the use of wiring. It was found that the degree of inadvertent anteroposterior rotation of the proximal segment at surgery, rather than the extent and pattern of surgical repositioning of the distal segment, was significantly correlated with the degree of shift. This result emphasizes the justification of preserving the proximal segment in its exact original anatomic site, in addition to the use of skeletal fixation, to ensure predictable stability after mandibular setback osteotomy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Soft-tissue and dentoskeletal profile changes associated with mandibular setback osteotomy.

The aims of the present retrospective cephalometry study were (1) to describe the interrelationships of the soft-tissue and dentoskeletal profiles after total mandibular setback osteotomies and (2) to detect whether there were any cephalometric variables that could contribute to an accurate prediction of the surgical effect on the soft-tissue profile. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms of 50 consecutively treated patients (37 females and 13 males) were used; these patients had received combined orthodontic-surgical management of mandibular prognathism by means of a bilateral vertical ramus osteotomy with an extraoral approach. At the time of surgery, their ages ranged from 17 to 41 years. Lateral cephalograms with the teeth in habitual occlusion taken before and approximately 1 year after surgery were available for all patients. A computerized cephalometric appraisal, named profile analysis, was developed and used, including variables corresponding to sagittal and vertical relationships of skeletal and soft-tissue profiles, incisal relationships, soft-tissue thickness, and lip morphology. The statistical elaboration of the data was made by means of paired t test, Pearson's product-moment coefficient correlation, and multiple regression analyses. The assessment of the results disclosed that considerable facial changes and improvement took place after the surgical procedure. The skeletal and soft-tissue facial profiles were straightened and the posture of the lips was improved. The normal incisal relationship achieved became influential on the soft tissues overlying both incisors and led to a better lip competence and posture. Posterior movement at points B and Po was accompanied by reductions ranging from 91% to 103% of the corresponding soft tissues. The presence of both significant correlation coefficients (p less than 0.05) and high r square values (greater than 0.70) in the multiple regression analysis for the osseous tissue variables N-B and N-Po, alone or together with the overjet and S-N-B angle, respectively, reflected their high prediction value with regard to the sagittal relationship of the lower lip, its thickness, and the soft-tissue thickness at the chin area. The findings of Pearson's product-moment coefficient correlation also indicated that the operative changes of the thickness of the upper lip, the lower lip, and the soft tissue at the chin region are influenced by the initial preoperative thickness of the area.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Long-term changes in pharyngeal airway morphology after mandibular setback surgery.

Long-term changes in pharyngeal airway morphology were evaluated after mandibular setback surgery in 10 women who were diagnosed as having skeletal mandibular prognathism and underwent mandibular setback surgery by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and orthodontic multi-bracket treatment. The subjects were assessed before treatment (T1), 3-6 months after SSRO (T2), and 2 or more years after SSRO (T3). From T1 to T2, the pharyngeal airway constricted significantly. On the other hand, from T2 to T3, the lower facial morphology showed no significant changes. The pharyngeal airway morphology showed significant changes in soft-palate length and posterior reference line to point of posterior tongue, indicating a tendency for relapse. These results suggest that, although the lower facial morphology and the pharyngeal airway morphology showed marked changes after SSRO, the pharyngeal airway morphology exhibited gradual physiologic readaptation. However, because the lower facial morphology after surgery was retained and stable for a long period, it was considered normal for the pharyngeal airway morphology to adapt after surgery to the improved hard tissue relationship.

Adult↗