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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Stress hormones and placental steroids in physical exercise during pregnancy.

The hormonal responses to exercise during later pregnancy were studied in relation to an exercise test in ten healthy women. At the end of the 10-min exercise, maternal heart rate had risen from 93 +/- 3.2 (mean +/- SEM) to 157 +/- 6.3 beats/min, and systolic blood pressure from 120 +/- 3.4 to 148 +/- 5.4 mmHg, but diastolic blood pressure was unchanged. Plasma concentrations of noradrenaline and adrenaline rose rapidly during the exercise, from 2.9 +/- 0.3 to 6.9 +/- 1.2 nmol/l and from 0.31 +/- 0.04 to 0.47 +/- 0.08 nmol/l respectively. The serum concentration of prolactin did not change during the test, but 30 min after the exercise the value had risen from 146 +/- 17 to 212 +/- 22 mg/ml, thereafter slowly declining. The serum concentration of cortisol remained unchanged. The mean concentration of oestriol rose from 31.5 +/- 2.6 to 33.9 +/- 3.0 nmol/l at least 5 min after the exercise, thereafter declining to 29 +/- 2.6 nmol/l. After the test, levels of progesterone and oestradiol also fell slightly. Mild irregular uterine activity was found in four subjects. Cardiotocography revealed a transient fetal tachycardia in two subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Physical exercise can influence local levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tendon-related connective tissue.

Microdialysis studies indicate that mechanical loading of human tendon tissue during exercise or training can affect local synthesis and degradation of type I collagen. Degradation of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins is controlled by an interplay between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs). However, it is unknown whether local levels of MMPs and TIMPs are affected by tendon loading in humans in vivo. In the present experiment, six healthy young men performed 1 h of uphill (3%) treadmill running. Dialysate was collected from microdialysis probes (placed in the peritendinous tissue immediately anterior to the Achilles tendon) before, immediately after, 1 day after, and 3 days after an exercise bout. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were measured in dialysate by gelatin zymography, and amounts were quantified by densitometry in relation to total protein in the dialysate. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were analyzed by reverse gelatin zymography and semiquantitated visually. Pro-MMP-9 increased markedly after exercise and remained high for 3 days after exercise. Pro-MMP-2 dropped from the basal level immediately after exercise and remained low 1 day after exercise but was slightly elevated 3 days after exercise. The MMP-2 inhibitory activity of TIMP-1 was clearly elevated 1 and 3 days after exercise, and the MMP-2 inhibitory activity of TIMP-2 rose 1 day after loading. The present findings demonstrate enhanced interstitial amounts of MMPs and TIMPs after exercise in the human peritendinous tissue in vivo, and the magnitude and time pattern of these changes may well indicate that MMPs and TIMPs are playing a role in extracellular matrix adaptation to exercise in tendon tissue.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1977

Heart rate in caged Macaca fascicularis. Effects of short-term physical exercise.

Electrocardiograms were recorded hourly for five days in 16 caged Macaca fascicularis by means of a miniaturized ECG transmitter connected to two chest leads. The lowest heart rates were 135 +/- 35 (mean +/- SD, n= 31) beats/min at 5 a.m., and the highest were 192 +/- 22 (n = 29) beats/min at 3 p.m. Sinus arrhythmia was common. Eight of the animals were trained to exercise in a specially designed enclosed treadmill; their heart rates were recorded daily during two 10-min periods of running at 3.4 km/h. Transfer of the monkeys (n k0) to the treadmill increased heart rate from 186 +/- 24 to 228 +/- 23 beats/min; exercise further increased it to 271 +/- 8 beats/min.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

False-positive detection of recombinant human erythropoietin in urine following strenuous physical exercise.

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein hormone that promotes the production of red blood cells. Recombinant human Epo (rhEpo) is illicitly used to improve performance in endurance sports. Doping in sports is discouraged by the screening of athletes for rhEPO in urine. The adopted test is based on a combination of isoelectric focusing and double immunoblotting, and distinguishes between endogenous and recombinant human Epo. We show here that this widely used test can occasionally lead to the false-positive detection of rhEpo (epoetin-beta) in postexercise, protein-rich urine, probably because the adopted monoclonal anti-Epo antibodies are not monospecific.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1991

Effects of blood glucose concentration on ratings of perceived exertion during prolonged low-intensity physical exercise.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between blood glucose concentration and perceived exertion during prolonged low-intensity exercise. After a 12-h overnight fast, seven young healthy males began bicycle exercise from 0800 h at 50% Vo2max. One hour after initiation of the exercise, 20% glucose was infused by means of an infusion pump, to maintain blood glucose concentration at a level of approximately 6.5 mM for 20 min. This was followed by 20 min of sham infusion (no glucose). This 40-min cycle was repeated until 220 min of exercise. During the first 120 min of exercise, the ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) increased gradually without any effects of the glucose infusion. Thereafter, RPE tended to decrease during glucose infusion, and finally showed a significant decrease from 180 (17 +/- 2) to 190 (16 +/- 2) min. This result showed that an increase in blood glucose concentration has a significant effect on perceived exertion, even if exercise time is prolonged. The different responses of RPE during the two phases of the exercise may be explained by the difference of glycogen concentration in muscle, because glucose infusion had no effect on RPE when muscle glycogen content was presumed to be at normal level, and was effective when glycogen in the exercising muscles was presumed to be depleted.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Relations of moderate physical exercise to scores on hostility, aggression, and aggression, and trait-anxiety.

100 male subjects were selected from a midwestern university and categorized into 5 jogging groups, advanced, intermediate, beginning, drop-out joggers and nonexercisers, who were administered the Commitment to Running Scale, the Buss-Durkee inventory measuring hostility and aggression, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Analysis of covariance with age as a covariate was performed using a 5 x 2 design with the 5 levels of jogging and status of the jogger (student/nonstudent) as independent variables. Fisher's LSD was used for multiple comparisons. Joggers scored higher than drop-outs or nonexercisers on the Commitment to Running Scale. Nonexercisers had higher mean scores on trait anxiety than advanced, intermediate, and drop-out joggers; advanced joggers had a lower mean trait-anxiety score than any other group. Nonexercisers had higher mean aggression and hostility scores than drop-out or advanced joggers; drop-out and advanced joggers did not differ significantly but their scores were significantly lower than those of other groups of joggers. These findings confirm that jogging affects trait anxiety, hostility, and aggression positively, which supports use of exercise preventively.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The rehabilitation of brain injured children: the case for including physical exercise and virtual reality.

Whilst substantial advances in rehabilitation programmes for brain injured children have been made, there is still a fundamental need to improve understanding of the rehabilitation process and how this can be incorporated into practice. It is argued here that taking a neurological approach to improving cognition, mood and social functioning is likely to be of great benefit to the patient. Theoretical reasons are outlined as to why activities such as interactive exercise can improve both the structure and function of the brain, and it is recommended that further research is carried out to establish the effectiveness of these types of activities.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMed1991

[Adaptability of patients to freely selected and forced physical exercise after myocardial infarction].

In 45 patients with myocardial infarction in the rehabilitative period in health resort centers, bicycle ergometric tests with forced routine continuously gradually increasing exercise or without forced graded exercise in accordance with the "free option" motor motivation test were performed at the beginning and at the end of treatment. The work performed at the beginning and at the end of treatment. The work performed with free option is characterized by substantial differences in its volume, duration, intensity, and rate. Free option exercise is submaximal, close to tolerant, but simultaneously shows lower values in heart rates, systolic blood pressure, "double product" and cost-effective index. The free option exercise test is a more sensitive indicator of alterations in the status of a patient with myocardial infarction during health resort rehabilitation.

Adaptation, Physiological↗