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PubMed2003

Methodological issues in research on sexual behavior with Latino gay and bisexual men.

Latino gay men are at high risk for HIV/AIDS, and therefore it is critical that we increase our understanding of their sexual behavior. This paper discusses theoretical and methodological issues of conducting research with Latino gay and bisexual men. The importance of culture in psychological theory addressing sexual behavior is highlighted. Cultural and socioeconomic forces that impact the social construction of sexuality and sexual risk need to be taken into account to increase research validity. Social context and internalized sociocultural experiences can affect a variety of issues, including sexual scripts and the definition and fluidity of sexual orientation identity. Moreover, Latino gay men's sexuality may be influenced by experiences of oppression, discrimination, racism, and homophobia. Level of acculturation should also be considered. Measures that are developed by taking into account the cultural context and incorporating a Latino perspective are helpful in conducting meaningful research. Triangulation of quantitative and qualitative methods will help provide a picture rich in context and at the same time generalizable. The relationship between researchers and participants is affected by Latino cultural styles, and suggestions for approaches to conduct research in the Latino gay community are offered.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1997

Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on male sexual behavior in female rats with mesencephalic raphe nuclei lesions.

The role of serotonergic neurons in the mesencephalic raphe nuclei in regulating male sexual behavior in female rats was examined. The median or dorsal raphe nucleus lesions (MRL or DRL) were made in ovariectomized rats and behavioral tests were performed after implantation of Silastic tubes containing testosterone and treatment with serotonin synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA). Half of the animals in each group received 4 100 mg/kg pCPA injections before the behavioral test. As a result, the incidences and frequencies of mounts and intromissive patterns in the MRL and DRL groups were comparable to those in control females without brain surgery. Mount latency in the MRL females was shorter than that in the control females. When pCPA was given, most females with or without brain surgery showed mounts and intromissive patterns, and frequencies were higher than those in females without pCPA. These results suggest that the median raphe nucleus plays an inhibitory role in the onset mechanism for mounting. On the other hand, a stronger inhibitory influence in regulating male sexual behavior exists in other serotonergic neurons than those in the median and dorsal raphe nuclei in female rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Needle sharing and high-risk sexual behaviors among IV drug users in Southern Thailand.

This study sought to determine the prevalence of needle sharing and high HIV risk sexual behaviors and to identify characteristics associated with these practices in southern Thailand. Data were obtained using a structured questionnaire from 298 male intravenous drug users (IVDUs) seen in a methadone clinic during the previous year. The prevalence of HIV was 37%, and that of needle-sharing in the preceding months was 45%, although only 10% claimed to have had unsafe sex with a casual partner or prostitute in the same period. Determinants for needle sharing included shorter duration of drug injection, diminished knowledge of HIV prevention, a carefree attitude toward risk of HIV infection, and lower levels of income. Young single IVDUs with a low knowledge of HIV prevention were most likely not to use a condom. In conclusion, needle sharing among the study subjects was still a common practice, whereas high HIV risk sexual behavior was not. Attitudinal change may be necessary to reduce needle-sharing behavior and not just information on disease transmission.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Further evidence showing that the inhibitory action of serotonin on rat masculine sexual behavior is mediated after the stimulation of 5-HT1B receptors.

To explore whether the inhibitory actions of endogenous serotonin on rat male sexual behavior were mediated via the stimulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A) or 5-HT1B receptor subtypes, two series of studies were undertaken. In the first series, an attempt to block the inhibitory actions of threshold doses of the serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP, 50 mg/kg) by administering the beta-5-HT antagonist alprenolol (5.0 mg/kg) and the selective beta-blocker practolol (0.5 mg/kg) was made. Both antagonists effectively prevented, at least partially, the inhibitory actions of 5-HTP. In the second series, a possible synergistic effect of a subthreshold dose of 5-HTP (12.5 mg/kg) with low doses of the selective 5-HT1B agonist 1-(m-trifluoro-methylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP,0.125 mg/kg) or the selective 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.0625 mg/kg) was investigated. A clear synergistic inhibitory effect of 5-HTP with TFMPP was observed. All data are interpreted based upon the hypothesis suggesting a physiological inhibitory role of the 5-HT1B receptor subtype on male rat sexual behavior.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗
PubMed1983

Role of descending monoaminergic neurons in the control of sexual behavior: effects of intrathecal infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine.

The present study concerns the possible participation of descending monoamine pathways in the control of sexual behavior. Male and female rats received micro-injections of the neurotoxins, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), in the spinal subarachnoid space, which were found to deplete spinal synaptosomal uptake of radiolabeled noradrenaline and serotonin to 46.7% and 34.5%, respectively. Whereas intrathecal 5,7-DHT did not affect sexual behavior appreciably, female 6-OHDA-treated rats showed less sexual receptivity and proceptivity when exposed to constant estradiol; similarly treated males had prolonged post-ejaculatory refractory periods and were more sensitive than controls to androgen deprivation.

5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine↗
PubMed1989

A possible role for angiotensin II in the regulation of male sexual behavior in rats.

To investigate the possibility that angiotensin II (AII) is involved in the regulation of male sexual behavior, AII was injected intraventricularly into sexually experienced male rats immediately prior to mating tests. Third ventricular administration of 0.48 nmol AII resulted in an increased latency to the initiation of copulatory behavior (625% of control values), and administration of 4.8 nmol had a similar effect on initiation latencies (650% of control values) and, additionally, significantly increased the number of intromissions preceding ejaculation (the ejaculatory threshold, to 130% of control values) and the interval to reinitiate copulatory behavior after ejaculation (the postejaculatory interval, to 125% of control values). Water intake was affected only by the higher dose of AII, with no animals drinking in the 15 minutes following saline or 0.48 nmol AII and 69% of the rats treated with 4.8 nmol AII drinking (mean intake 1.5 +/- 0.26 ml for those rats drinking). These data demonstrate that AII can suppress male sexual behavior, and that this suppression is not due simply to a stimulation of drinking.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2003

Sexual behavior problems in preteen children: developmental, ecological, and behavioral correlates.

A large sample of 2-12 year old children (N = 2311) was studied to determine the relationship between three sexually intrusive behavior items (SIBs) measured by the Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI) and a range of developmental, ecological, and behavioral correlates. The variables studied included age, gender, race, family income, single parent status, maternal education, family sexual behaviors, physical abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence, social competence of the child, and three scales from the CBCL (Internalizing, Externalizing, and PTSD). Sexual abuse was not the primary predictor of SIB, but a model incorporating family adversity, modeling of coercive behavior, child behavior, and modeling of sexuality predicted a significant amount of variance.

Child↗
PubMed1999

AIDS knowledge, condom attitudes, and risk-taking sexual behavior of substance-abusing juvenile offenders on probation or parole.

AIDS knowledge, condom attitudes, and sexual behavior were examined in a sample of 193 substance-abusing juvenile offenders on probation or parole. The majority of these youths reported being sexually active, and many admitted to early onset of sexual activity as well as unsafe sexual practices. Potential predictors of condom use by these juveniles were examined including age, condom use at first sexual experience, number of sexual partners in the last 6 months, locus of control, AIDS knowledge, condom attitudes, perceived risk for AIDS, self-efficacy for avoiding HIV, condom use by peers, delinquency risk, race, and gender. General attitudes toward condoms and the reported use of a condom at first sexual intercourse experience were the only statistically significant predictors of subsequent condom use. The relevance of these findings to the development of AIDS prevention programs for juvenile offenders is discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

[Studies on sexual activity in Japanese males based on inquiry about sexual behavior: especially in association with advancing age].

To study the changes in sexual function, especially potency in males with age, 3,389 married male patients who visited the urological department were inquired about their sexual behavior, and the following results were obtained. Sexual intercourse was performed once a week or more in 95.2% of those aged under 30 years, 84.2% of those aged between 30-39 years, 55.2% of those aged between 40-49 years, 26.3% of those aged between 50-59 years, and 10% or less of those aged 60 years or more. Conversely, the percentage of those reporting no sexual intercourse increased with age, especially markedly after 50 years of age: 10% or less in those under 50 years, 21.1% in the 6th decade, 44.8% in the 7th decade, and 69.5% in the 8th decade. The awareness of morning erection decreased gradually with age. In those 60 years or older, the percentage of those without morning erection was higher than those with morning erection. The association between the testicular volume and potency was unclear in those under 50 years of age. However, in those between 50-69 years, potency tended to be reduced with the decrease in the testicular volume. The frequency of sexual intercourse in infertile patients with testicular dysfunction was nearly equal to that in those with normal testicular function. The decrease in sexual activity with age appears to be complicated associated with sociological and psychological factors in addition to aging. In a society where the proportion of the aged is increasing, evaluation from various aspects is needed.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Gender and knowledge about HIV, risky sexual behavior, and safer sex practices.

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in knowledge about HIV, the reported incidence of risky sexual behavior, and comfort with safer sexual practices among young adults. The conceptual framework was social role theory, which argues for the influence of gender roles on beliefs and social behaviors. Participants were 141 female and 131 male college students who responded to questions regarding their knowledge of HIV, risk-taking behaviors with respect to HIV, and comfort with safer sexual behaviors. Overall, respondents had accurate knowledge about HIV. However, men reported engaging in significantly more risky behaviors than women. More men reported that intercourse without a condom occurred in unplanned, spontaneous situations, while under the influence of alcohol or drugs, or with a person not well known. More women reported that intercourse without a condom occurred in long-term relationships. Women were significantly more comfortable abstaining from sexual intercourse and asking partners about their sexual history while men were significantly more comfortable buying condoms. Both men and women reported comfort using condoms. Gender roles help to explain why men are willing to take more risks, and in what situations risk taking is apt to occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Pharmacological features of masculine sexual behavior in an animal model of depression.

Neonatal treatment with clomipramine induces behavioral alterations during adulthood that resemble symptoms observed in human depression. Therefore, it has been proposed as an animal model of depression. Impairment of male sexual performance is one of the main effects of this treatment. Using this model of depression, we evaluated the effects of drugs that stimulate sexual performance by acting selectively on the adrenergic, serotonergic, or cholinergic system. Yohimbine, a selective antagonist of the alpha-2 receptors; 8-OH-DPAT, a selective agonist of the 5-HT1A receptors; and oxotremorine, a muscarinic agonist, were administered to male rats neonatally treated with clomipramine that showed sexual behavior impairments. Yohimbine and oxotremorine induced only a slight improvement of sexual deficiencies. 8-OH-DPAT not only restored sexual behavior to normal levels, but induced facilitation in most of the copulatory parameters. These results suggest that neonatal treatment with clomipramine induces sexual deficits acting mainly on the adrenergic and cholinergic systems, while the serotoninergic system seems to be preserved.

8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin↗
PubMed2004

The role of close friends in African American adolescents' dating and sexual behavior.

This study examined the role of close friends in the sexual lives of African American adolescents. Fifteen African American adolescents residing in an urban neighborhood participated in individual in-depth qualitative interviews. The findings suggest that close friends play a critical role in the dating and sexual behaviors of inner-city African American adolescents, as they appear to serve as socializing agents that impact how adolescents conceptualize and socially construct dating and sexual roles and behaviors. Close friends also play a significant role in acquiring new dating and sexual partners and in determining the course of dating and sexual relationships. Although females and males expressed similar expectations regarding sexual fidelity and condom use, they differed with regard to their method and process of talking with friends about dating and sex, their shared social constructions about dating and sexual roles and expectations, and their perceptions of the meaning of dating. We discuss the implications of the findings in terms of involving close friends in interventions focused on improving the sexual health of African American adolescents. Future directions for research with African American adolescents and sexuality are also discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Spermatogenesis, fertility and sexual behavior in a hypospadiac mouse model.

PURPOSE: Administering of flutamide to pregnant mice causes hypospadias in male offspring. We investigated spermatogenesis, fertility and sexual behavior in this hypospadiac mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male offspring exposed to flutamide during the embryonic period were divided into hypospadiac group 1 and normal external genitalia group 2. Control group 3 consisted of male offspring not exposed to flutamide. We analyzed the spermatogenesis, epididymides sperm motility, in vitro fertilization rate and sexual behavior of each mouse. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the weight of the testes or mean seminiferous tubular diameter in the groups. The number of apoptotic germ cells per unit area was not significantly different in the 3 groups. In groups 1 to 3 there were no significant differences in the mean epididymides sperm motility rate plus or minus standard deviation (62.6% +/- 10.0%, 57.2% +/- 7.0% and 67.0 +/- 7.6%) or in the in vitro fertilization rate (52%, 48% and 48%, respectively). However, there were significant differences in groups 1 to 3 in mean mounting frequency (0, 29 +/- 4.0 and 12.4 +/- 4.5 times per hour) and mean intromission frequency (0, 24.4 +/- 3.5 and 3.8 +/- 1.5 times per hour, respectively). Females coupled with group 1 or 2 male mice did not achieve pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that spermatogenesis, sperm motility and fertilization in vitro were unaffected in hypospadiac mice but sexual motivation and arousal were deficient.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Systemic and intracerebroventricular injections of vasotocin inhibit appetitive and consummatory components of male sexual behavior in Japanese quail.

The authors investigated the behavioral actions of vasotocin (VT) in castrated testosterone-treated male Japanese quail. The appetitive and consummatory components of sexual behavior as well as the occurrence frequency of crows were inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, by injections of VT. The authors observed opposite effects after injection of the V1 receptor antagonist, dPTyr(Me)AVP. Lower doses of VT were more active after central than after systemic injection, and effects of systemic injections of VT were blocked by a central injection of dPTyr(Me)AVP. The behavioral inhibition was associated with a modified diuresis after systemic but not central injection. These results provide direct evidence that VT affects male sexual behavior in quail by a direct action on the brain independent of its peripheral action on diuresis.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Convergent pathways for steroid hormone- and neurotransmitter-induced rat sexual behavior.

Estrogen and progesterone modulate gene expression in rodents by activation of intracellular receptors in the hypothalamus, which regulate neuronal networks that control female sexual behavior. However, the neurotransmitter dopamine has been shown to activate certain steroid receptors in a ligand-independent manner. A dopamine receptor stimulant and a D1 receptor agonist, but not a D2 receptor agonist, mimicked the effects of progesterone in facilitating sexual behavior in female rats. The facilitory effect of the neurotransmitter was blocked by progesterone receptor antagonists, a D1 receptor antagonist, or antisense oligonucleotides to the progesterone receptor. The results suggest that in rodents neurotransmitters may regulate in vivo gene expression and behavior by means of cross-talk with steroid receptors in the brain.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

Prenatal and neonatal testosterone exposure interact to affect differentiation of sexual behavior and partner preference in female ferrets.

Implanting testosterone (T) subcutaneously over Postnatal Days 5-20 masculinized sexual behavior, reduced proceptive responsiveness, and shifted sexual preference more readily in male than in female ferrets gonadectomized on Day 5. This enhanced sensitivity of males to neonatal T was best duplicated in females exposed transplacentally to T over Embryonic Days (E) 27-39 (41-day gestation) and injected at birth with T (2.5 micrograms sc in oil: 10% ethanol). Extended exposure of male ferrets to high levels of T, beginning shortly after the onset of testicular steroidogenesis (E25) and continuing for several hours after birth (E41) normally sensitizes their brains to the subsequent organizational effects on coital performance and sexual motivation of the relatively low levels of T that circulate in male ferrets during the first 3 postnatal weeks.

Animals↗
PubMed1968

Sexual behavior: stimulation by painful electrical shock to skin in male rats.

A mildly painful electric shock lasting 0.5 second was delivered every 30 seconds to the skin of male rats while they were with a receptive female rat. Sexual behavior occurred, with brief latency, after shocks; thus, successive shocks resulted in a pacing of sexual behavior. This effect is attributed to periodic augmentation of sexual arousal by a periodic, nonspecific arousing stimulus (that is, shock).

Animals↗