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PubMed2006

Effect of whitening dentifrices on the superficial roughness of esthetic restorative materials.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the surface roughness (Ra) of different esthetic restorative materials following simulated toothbrushing using different whitening dentifrices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cylinders of Esthet-X (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE, USA), Durafil VS (Heraeus Kulzer, Wehrheim, Germany), and Vitremer (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were made using molds (4 mm in diameter for 2 mm in height). The superficial roughness was evaluated using a profilometer (Ra) with a cutoff length of 0.25 mm and a speed of 0.1 mm/s. The specimens (N=13) were submitted to 7,500 brushing cycles using five different toothpastes: (1) Crest Regular (control; Procter & Gamble): silica abrasive (C); (2) Crest Extra Whitening (Procter & Gamble, Cincinnati, OH, USA): bicarbonate+calcium pyrophosphate (CE); (3) Dental Care A & H (Arm & Hammer, Camilla, GA, USA): bicarbonate (DC); (4) Rembrandt Plus Whitening (Oral B Laboratories, Belmont, CA, USA): carbamide peroxide+alumina/silica (RP); and (5) experimental: hydrogen peroxide+calcium carbonate (EX). RESULTS: The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and Tukey's test (alpha=.05) for each restorative material, and the results [difference between final and initial roughness: Ra(F)-Ra(I) in microm] were as follows: Esthet-X: EX=0.15+0.07a; RP=0.29+0.16a; CE=0.96+0.33b; C=1.03+0.29b; DC=1.48+0.37b; Durafil VS: RP=0.09+0.07a; EX=0.55+0.23abc; C=0.96+0.26bc; CE=1.03+0.33cd; DC=1.09+0.37d; and Vitremer: EX=0.10+0.08a; RP=0.26+0.19a; CE=0.94+0.27b; DC=1.13+0.46bc; C=1.50+0.32c (different letters mean differences among groups). CONCLUSION: It was verified that the dentifrices containing carbamide or hydrogen peroxide along with alumina+silica and calcium carbonate, respectively (groups 4 and 5), produced minor changes in Ra when compared with the control group and with those dentifrices containing bicarbonate (groups 2 and 3). CLINICAL significance The results of this study indicate that whitening dentifrices evaluated containing silica or calcium carbonate were less abrasive when used on the resin-based esthetic restorative materials than those that contain sodium bicarbonate.

Aluminum Oxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Beyond nature.

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Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2001

The true picture.

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PubMed2002

In vitro studies of the anticalculus efficacy of a sodium hexametaphosphate whitening dentifrice.

Laboratory studies involving crystal growth inhibition and plaque biofilm calcification were conducted to confirm the anticalculus potential of a dual-action whitening dentifrice containing sodium hexametaphosphate, a novel, enamel-safe, antitartar agent. Calcium hydroxyapatite crystal growth was significantly inhibited following direct supernate treatments by hexametaphosphate in solution and when formulated into the dual-action whitening dentifrice. Similarly, plaque biofilm calcification was significantly inhibited by supernate treatments of the hexametaphosphate whitening dentifrice. The activity of hexametaphosphate dentifrice in plaque biofilm calcification protocols exceeded that produced by commercial dentifrices containing polycarboxylic acid, metal ion and pyrophosphate tartar control ingredients. Results predict excellent clinical activity for hexametaphosphate dentifrice for the prevention of supragingival calculus formation. Published double-blind, randomized clinical studies confirm the validity of these laboratory models for the screening of potentially improved tartar control ingredients.

Complex Mixtures↗