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PubMedDate not supplied

Soft drink consumption and caries risk in children and adolescents.

Soft drink consumption has increased dramatically in the United States over the last two decades. This increase in the consumption of soft drinks has led to a decrease in dairy consumption among children and adolescents and increased the risk for dental caries and a host of systemic complications. This paper addresses the changing consumption of beverages among children and adolescents, the health consequences of such a change, and a new caries risk assessment tool that can be utilized in a private practice setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Durability of three simplified adhesive systems in Class V non-carious cervical dentin lesions.

PURPOSE: To investigate the durability of three simplified systems in Class V non-carious abrasion/erosion lesions. METHODS: 144 non-carious cervical dentin lesions were restored either with Clearfil Liner Bond 2, a 2-step self-etching primer (n = 46), One Coat Bond, a one bottle total-etch system applied with one coat (n = 46), or Prompt-L-Pop, a 1-step self-etching primer ("all-in-one") (n = 52), in 90 individuals. Ninety-eight of the lesions showed sclerotic dentin and 46 were non-sclerotic. Sixty-one were slightly roughened with a diamond bur before conditioning. The restorations were evaluated every 6 months during a 2-year period with slightly modified USPHS criteria. RESULTS: All except three restorations were evaluated over 2 years. The cumulative loss rates for Clearfil Liner Bond 2, One Coat Bond and Prompt-L-Pop were at 6 months: 4.3, 2.2 and 3.9%, at 18 months: 4.3, 10.9 and 15.4% and at 24 months: 8.7, 13.0 and 21.2%, respectively. The cumulative loss rates of the materials in sclerotic lesions (15.7%) versus non-sclerotic lesions (14.0%) were not significanty different. Restorations placed with a diamond bur-roughened lesions showed a loss rate of 14.5%, while for the non-roughened lesions the frequency was 14.8%.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

An assessment of stress analyses in the theory of abfraction.

Wedged-shaped lesions at the cemento-enamel junction of teeth have been attributed primarily to biomechanical loading forces that cause flexure and failure of enamel and dentin. This theory, termed abfraction, remains controversial. This review examined studies on mechanical properties of enamel and dentin and studies on bite forces and mastication as background information. Abfraction is based principally on a few early finite element analysis and photoelastic models showing stress concentration at the dental cervical area without actually showing enamel and dentin fracture. However, a review of more recent dental stress analyses has been contradictory. Particularly, analyses of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, not modeled in previous studies, have shown that those structures may dissipate occlusal loading forces from the cervical areas. In addition, some models may not fully represent intricate dental anatomy and complex occlusal function. Therefore, the key basis of the abfraction theory may be flawed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dissolution of dental enamel in soft drinks.

A high percentage of the population consumes a variety of soft drinks on a daily basis. Many of these soft drinks contain sugar and various additives and have a low pH. This study compares enamel dissolution from both regular and diet beverages.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Reduction of the pH-values of whole saliva after the intake of apple juice containing beverages in children and adults.

PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to compare changes in salivary pH after intake of apple juice and its various dilutions with mineral water, in children and adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 15 children (mean age 4.4+/-0.9 years), and 15 adults (mean age 30+/-2.4 years) participated in this study. Carbonated mineral water, apple juice and its various dilutions with carbonated mineral water were tested. The pH-value of unstimulated whole saliva was measured at the same time of day. The pH-value was measured again immediately after intake of a beverage, and 5, 10, 15 and 25 min later. The flow rate and buffering capacity of stimulated saliva, and the buffering capacity, calcium and phosphorus contents of the beverages were measured. The statistical evaluation of the data was performed employing the Wilcoxon test for paired samples. RESULTS: The mean base value of the pH of whole saliva was 7.0+/-0.2 (children), and 6.8+/-0.3 (adults). The differences in the flow rates of stimulated saliva in children and adults were statistically significant (p = 0.0003). The intake of mineral water led to a statistically significant rise in the salivary pH-value (p < 0.05). Undiluted and diluted apple juice caused a reduction in the salivary pH-values. Within the first 10 min the changes of pH in saliva only differed significantly between mineral water and the other beverages (p < 0.01). In the pH range of 5.8 - 7.0, mineral water had a weak buffering capacity, while undiluted apple juice had a high buffering capacity. CONCLUSIONS: With regard to dental and general health, only mineral water can be recommended for children.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Using spectrophotometer technology in the assessment and monitoring of tooth wear.

Using such tools as spectrophotometers and practice performance standards is becoming a more recognized means of acquiring valid information regarding the current oral care status of patients, as well as to help guide and educate them through their prescribed treatment processes. Applying these tools consistently, over the range of patients within a practice, allows the detection of important patterns and problems in the oral health status of individual patients, including patterns of tooth wear. This article demonstrates the manner in which practice performance techniques and assessment instrumentation such as spectrophotometers have empowered one practice to favorably impact patients in the identification and subsequent management of tooth wear.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed2005

[Technique of direct vertical bite reconstruction with composite and a splint as template].

Excessive loss of dental hard tissues caused by mechanical, chemical or traumatic influences--or a combination of these factors--poses difficulties for subsequent prosthetic tooth restorations. Traditionally reconstructive treatment to restore affected teeth has been provided using rather invasive methods like porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns or ceramic overlays. For patients with a tooth substance loss caused by an acidic diet, where a payment of the costs by the social insurance cannot be expected, a less expensive treatment modality would be of interest. The presented case report describes an alternative treatment modality of vertical tooth substance loss by using direct adhesive composite restorations. To establish a simple and controlled build-up, a mini-plast splint based on an ideal wax-up was used.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge of oral and physical manifestations of anorexia and bulimia nervosa among dentists and dental hygienists.

Despite the crucial role oral health care providers can have in the early identification of eating disorders and the referral and case management of patients with these disorders, little is known concerning their knowledge of oral complications of these disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the knowledge among dentists and dental hygienists concerning the oral and physical manifestations of eating disorders. Employing a randomized cross-sectional study, data were collected from 576 dentists and dental hygienists randomly selected from the American Dental Association and the American Dental Hygienists' Association. Results indicated low scores concerning knowledge of oral cues, physical cues of anorexia, and physical cues of bulimia among study participants. More dental hygienists than dentists correctly identified oral manifestations of eating disorders (p=.001) and physical cues of anorexia (p=.010) and bulimia (p=.002). As the first health professional to identify oral symptoms of eating disorders, the most important task of the dental care provider when identifying oro-dental signs of eating disorders is to ensure that the patient receives treatment. Implications for education include the addition of conceptual, procedural, and skill-based curricula objectives addressing etiologic assessment and patient communication--thus increasing behavioral capacity for delivery of restorative care and patient referral.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of sports drinks and other beverages on dental enamel.

A high percentage of people consume soft drinks that contain sugar or artificial sweeteners, flavorings, and various additives. The popularity of sports (energy) drinks is growing and this pilot study compares enamel dissolution in these and a variety of other beverages. Enamel blocks (approximately 7.0 x 5.0 x 2.5 mm) were sectioned from sound extracted human premolars and molars and measured, weighed, and immersed in the selected beverages for a total of 14 days. The pH of all beverages was measured. The enamel sections were weighed at regular intervals throughout the immersion period with the solutions being changed daily; all studies were performed in duplicate. The data were subjected to one-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffe testing. Enamel dissolution occurred in all of the tested beverages, with far greater attack occurring in flavored and energy (sports) drinks than previously noted for water and cola drinks. No correlation was found between enamel dissolution and beverage pH. Non-cola drinks, commercial lemonades, and energy/sports drinks showed the most aggressive dissolution effect on dental enamel. Reduced residence times of beverages in the mouth by salivary clearance or rinsing would appear to be beneficial.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Three patient reports illustrating the use of dentin adhesives to cement crowns to severely worn teeth.

PURPOSE: Severely worn and broken down teeth present clinical treatment planning dilemmas. Extreme examples of worn teeth present in patients suffering from bulimia nervosa and dentinogenesis imperfecta. Bulimia nervosa typically presents early in adult life with a myriad of clinical features and a most important dental sign of eroded palatal surfaces on the maxillary teeth. Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a relatively uncommon disorder that presents with varying severity of unsupported enamel and results in teeth more susceptible to wear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dental treatment for both conditions when wear has resulted in the complete loss of the tooth can either be directed toward restoring remaining tooth tissue or extraction and replacement with implants or dentures. This article presents the clinical management of three case histories, each with one or more severely broken down teeth, which were restored with adhesively retained crowns. RESULTS: Treatment lasted nearly 10 years in one patient and failed after 6 years in another. The third patient was treated more recently. CONCLUSION: All three case histories serve as examples of using adhesive cements to retain indirect restorations as a possible prosthodontic management strategy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Eighteen-month clinical performance of a self-etching primer in unprepared class V resin restorations.

This study evaluated the clinical performance of unprepared Class V resin composites, placed using a self-etching primer and a single-bottle adhesive, over a period of 18 months. Thirty-eight pairs of restorations of Renew hybrid resin composite (BISCO, Inc) were placed using adhesives from the same manufacturer in caries-free cervical erosion/abfraction lesions. Based on insensitivity to air, the dentin in 76% of these lesions was considered to be sclerotic. The restorations were placed without abrasion of tooth surfaces, except for cleaning with plain pumice. One of each pair was placed using Tyrian, a self-etching primer and the other was placed using One-Step, a single-bottle adhesive placed after acid etching. Both the etchant and self-etching primer were applied for 20 seconds. The restorations were clinically evaluated at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months, using modified Ryge/USPHS criteria. For both adhesives, very low retention of 50% to 56% of the restorations was observed over 18 months, leading to the conclusion that tooth surfaces must receive some additional treatment prior to restoration with these adhesives. No statistically significant difference (p=0.75) between the two adhesives was observed in overall performance, and dentinal sclerosis and axial depth did not appear to be important factors in the study.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

[Oral manifestations in gastroesophageal reflux disease].

The gastroesophageal reflux (passage of gastric contents into the oesophagus and the mouth) is the main sign/symptom of a very frequent gastroesophageal reflux disease. Thus, acid regurgitation originates from stomach and it is responsible of the onset of typical symptoms and mucosal injury. Also in oral cavity the noxious acid agent is able to injury oral cavity (soft and hard tissues). These effects are described from international literature, even if a greater interest has shown to date only for hard tissue injury.

Gastroesophageal Reflux↗