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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Placental morphometry using a computer assisted measuring programme: reference values for normal pregnancies at term.

Using the principle that the human placenta is anatomically composed of fetomaternal flow units, we developed a computer-assisted measurement programme capable of recording complex histometric data about the characteristics of the maturation and structural differentiation of resorption villi, as well as subjecting the results to simultaneous statistical processing. Using 42 placentas obtained after normal pregnancies, reference values were derived for the five primary geometrical and six further arithmetical parameters. From these findings, we also calculated the total resorption villi surface area, the proportion of this surface area occupied by epithelial plates, and the resorption-villi surface are relative to the birth weight of the child. Our findings are compared with other available results, and the reasons for discrepancies between previously published measurements are discussed.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1996

Analysis of DNA and morphometry in breast carcinoma.

Feulgen-stained imprints and smears from 730 cases of invasive breast cancer were investigated using an image analysis system. From each tumor sample 100 cells were randomly scanned and several DNA and morphometrical parameters evaluated. Their prognostic value for a prediction of distant metastases within 5 years was investigated with the multivariate Cox regression analysis, which was performed for all consecutive cases, as well as for node-negative and node-positive patients separately. The multivariate analyses showed a strong prognostic value of the anisonucleosis (variation of nuclear radius) and the DNA histogram type in addition to the nodal status, the tumor size (pT), and the histological tumor grade. However, performing this analysis for both node-positive patients and for those without lymph node metastases demonstrated a different prognostic meaning of the variables. The combination of each of the group-specific variables led to a prognostic factor, which allowed an assignment of patients to several subgroups with significantly different risk for distant metastases. Thus, both a low-risk group of node-negative patients with a 5-year distant recurrence rate of only 5.8%, and a higher risk group of node-negative patients with a recurrence rate of 38.6% could be identified. Among the node-positive patients, a low-risk group with a distant recurrence rate of 8.6%, and also a high risk group with 69% distant recurrence, could be identified.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Computerized morphometry of liver cells in diffuse hepatic diseases.

Computerized morphometrical measurements were made of liver cells and their nuclei taken from livers of healthy persons and from patients with acute hepatitis (AH), chronic hepatitis (CH), and liver cirrhosis (LC). Liver biopsies were performed on 127 people (24 convalescing from acute hepatitis, 20 with chronic inactive hepatitis (CIH), 24 with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), 38 with liver cirrhosis (LC) and 21 who were healthy controls (HC]. The specimens were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, then light microscopic pictures were obtained. The original cells were magnified 1000 times. The sizes of the cells and of their nuclei were calculated using a computer. Correlative variation was noted in cell and nuclear sizes resulting in an consistently constant nucleus-cytoplasm ratio. Average sizes of both cells and nuclei were maximal in livers with LC, followed in decreasing order by those in livers with CAH, CIH, HC and convalescent AH. The smallest cells and nuclei were found in convalescent AH cases. It might be possible to some degree to obtain gross impressions of the histopathological type of the liver lesion by measuring the sizes of cells and nuclei of the liver.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1990

Morphometry of macrophage development in malignant lymphoma. Predictive value of discriminant analysis.

Discriminant analysis of morphometric data on the ultrastructure of developing macrophages has been used to classify 62 individual subjects into one of the 3 groups of origin, namely normal, Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, each finding being compared with the known diagnosis. The data had been obtained from blood monocytes grown in suspension culture over a period of 6 days, and related to whole cell, nucleus, nucleoli and mitochondria. Over 80% of subjects were correctly classified as between the 3 groups and over 90% as to their normality or otherwise. Although the non-specific nature of changes in defence cells makes it unlikely that morphometric studies of macrophages will find a place in the diagnosis of specific malignancies, the present work indicates it could be useful in assessing host response and hence prognosis and response to treatment. Discriminant analysis of quantitative differences in cell structure could have wide clinico-pathological application.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Effects of reduced food intake on morphometry and cell production in the small intestine of the rat.

The present study examined the effects of a 60% reduction in food intake on kinetic and morphometric parameters in the small intestine of adult male Lewis rats. We observed that, after 20 days, the wet weight of jejunum and ileum, thickness of muscularis externa of duodenum, crypt depth throughout the intestine, and DPM/mg and DPM/crypt in ileum were decreased in animals on reduced food intake when compared to their paired, normally fed controls. These results demonstrated that reduced food intake caused distinctive effects focused primarily in the ileum, thus opening to question the use of the technique of pair feeding as a control for studies of intestinal cell proliferation in which manipulations of the animals result in altered food intake or body weight.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Emperipolesis--a peculiar feature of megakaryocytes as evaluated in chronic myeloproliferative diseases by morphometry and ultrastructure.

A combined morphometric and ultrastructural study was performed on so called emperipolesis or internal wandering of myeloid cells in the cytoplasm of large mature megakaryocytes. Measurements were made on material from a total of 115 patients comprising a normal control group and 5 groups with subtypes of chronic myeloproliferative diseases, including primary (essential, idiopathic) thrombocythemia (PTH). A significant increase in this peculiar phenomenon was noted in myeloproliferative disorders and especially in PTH where the frequency of emperipolesis showed a positive correlation with the number of anuclear cytoplasmic fragments sectioned, with the circular deviation of the shapes of megakaryocytes and with the extent to which the peripheral thrombocyte count was elevated. Electron microscopy in selected cases displayed the integrity of the plasma membranes of engulfed hematopoietic cells within the dilated cavities of the megakaryocytic demarcation membrane system (DMS) and no evidence of phagocytosis. Moreover there was a close relationship between engulfed myeloid cells and the presumptive sites of platelet shedding which had their openings from the cisternal lumina of the DMS. Our results demonstrate that emperipolesis of hematopoietic cells within megakaryocytes should not be regarded as a special nosological feature, but as an indication of enforced thrombocytogenetic activity which is expressed particularly in PTH.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1991

Cytogenetics, flow cytometry, cytophotometry and morphometry of 22 cases of primary breast carcinoma. A comparative study.

Cytogenetic, flow cytometric, cytophotometric and morphometric analyses were performed on 22 previously untreated, primary solid breast carcinomas. Although the cell nuclei as the primary object of these studies were the same in all the tumors, distinct features were evaluated in each case to determine to what degree the results obtained by these techniques are comparable. From the cytogenetic viewpoint, six tumors had a modal number in the diploid range, seven were in the triploid range, and two in the tetraploid range; seven tumors had no modal number. These data correlate with the flow cytometry and cytophotometry results obtained, with DNA values slightly higher than their respective chromosomal modes. However, no correspondence between chromosomal modes and mean nuclear area was found. Chromosomal markers have been identified that particularly affect chromosomes 1 (p11, q21-qter), 11 and 16, although no common markers existed in all cases. Cytogenetics is the most sensitive technique, but the low yield (22 out of 140 tumors assayed) considerably restricts its value in any prospective breast cancer study.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Comparison of semiautomatic digitizer-tablet and simple point counting performance in morphometry.

A comparison is made between the efficiency of an opto-manual digitizer-tablet (MOP-AM 03) and simple point counting in the analysis of drawings of basal cells in the normal and pathologically altered chonchal epithelium. The analysis included estimation of the areas of cellular, nuclear and nucleolar sectional profiles as well as the cell basal width, i.e. the length of cell profile attachment to the basement membrane. The morphometric results obtained with the two methods are virtually identical. The efficiency of point counting is somewhat higher than that of the digitizer, but the prices of the two sets of equipment differ by one or two orders of magnitude. In general, the unquestionable measuring precision of the digitizer is unlikely to be of much impact in most biological studies due to the inevitable biological variation between individuals under study and the large variation which is always added at the level of single features by random sectioning.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1992

Atypical micromegakaryocytes, promegakaryoblasts and megakaryoblasts: a critical evaluation by immunohistochemistry, cytochemistry and morphometry of bone marrow trephines in chronic myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes.

A morphometric analysis of bone marrow trephine biopsies has been performed to study the frequency and planimetric characteristics of so-called atypical micromegakaryocytes in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In addition, an attempt was made to discriminate this particular cell population from small immature elements of megakaryocytopoiesis, such as promegakaryoblasts and megakaryoblasts. The staining reactions employed included periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody against platelet glycoprotein IIIa (Y2/51-CD61). Comparison of the various staining reactions applied to the different megakaryocytic elements together with morphometric measurements resulted in a clearcut identification of promegakaryoblasts. These were defined as the earliest immature and exclusively CD61-positive precursors. Atypical micromegakaryocytes were characterized by their dysplastic features and strong ANAE reactivity in addition to their positive CD61 staining. When stringent diagnostic criteria (diameter ranging between 10 to 15 microns, mean size about 12 microns) were applied, this abnormal cell population comprised less than 10% of total megakaryocytopoiesis in CML and MDS. It may be assumed that dysmegakaryocytic features in the latter disorders are partially generated by small to medium-sized megakaryocytes (diameter less than 30 microns). In conclusion, the relative frequency of promegakaryoblasts in the normal bone marrow (range 6-8%) is confirmed by evaluation of the immunohistochemical and cytochemical staining methods (CD61 and ANAE). Furthermore, the ANAE reaction facilitates the recognition of atypical micromegakaryocytes as well as small megakaryocytes. Thus cytochemistry provides a better insight into alterations of these cell lineages in various pathological conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Myocardial collagen network in dilated cardiomyopathy. Morphometry and scanning electron microscopy study.

Although some form of myocyte damage is probably the main abnormality responsible for heart failure in dilated cardiomyopathy, abnormalities of the supporting interstitial collagen meshwork also occur. To see if abnormal collagen could be detected in cardiomyopathic hearts, which did not have interstitial fibrosis by routine light microscopy, we examined interstitial collagen using scanning electron microscopy and a novel digestion technique. Cardiomyopathetic collagen fibrils were significantly thicker and more densely packed than normal. We conclude that an ultrastructural collagen abnormality occurs early in dilated cardiomyopathy, this abnormality may contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated↗
PubMed2005

The past, present, and future of bone morphometry: its contribution to an improved understanding of bone biology.

It was not until the 1950s that a better paradigm for bone biology evolved, which led to the birth of bone histomorphometry. Two clinicians, Harold Frost (1958-1964) and Lent Johnson (1964), were responsible for the paradigm stating that the primary function of bone is mechanical load bearing with subsidiary function to participate in plasma calcium homeostasis to support hematopoesis. Dynamic bone histomorphometry was born when Milch et al. (1958) discovered bone localization of tetracycline and Frost generated the methodology to study tetracycline-based dynamic histological analysis of cortical bone remodeling (1961-1965). Dynamic bone histomorphometry did not blossom until Frost, while a Sun Valley Workshop participant, developed it to address trabecular bone dynamics. The combination of Arnold (1948) producing thin sections of plastic-embedded undecalcified bone and Frost's (1977-1983) modification of dynamic cortical bone histology for cancellous bone made it possible to study tetracycline-based dynamic histomorphometry of cancellous bone. It led to the better understanding of basic metabolic unit (BMU) remodelling and to Frost's mechanostat hypothesis, and characterized the rat model to accelerate the development of several drugs in the treatment of bone diseases. Currently, dynamic bone histomorphometry has contributed to studies in bone's mechanical usage windows, mechanical usage setpoint hypothesis, muscle-bone relations, marrow-bone relations, the Utah paradigm of musculoskeletal physiology, apoptosis, genetics (transgenic mice) and bone structure, bone quality, the lacunocanalicular network and bone modelling, and remodeling hypothesis, osteocyte role as mechanosensory, chemosensory, and regulatory in bone maintenance, targeted and untargeted remodeling, the role of permissive agents, etc., items in bone biology expounded briefly by Lent Johnson (1965) and continuously by Harold Frost at the Sun Valley Workshop (1965-2003). Finally, "What's next?" covers how to improve and perpetuate the employing of qualitative histomorphometry in research opportunities in hard tissue research.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Compartmental bone morphometry in the mouse femur: reproducibility and resolution dependence of microtomographic measurements.

Microcomputed tomography (microCT) is widely used for nondestructive bone phenotyping in small animals, especially in the mouse. Here, we investigated the reproducibility and resolution dependence of microCT analysis of microstructural parameters in three different compartments in the mouse femur. Reproducibility was assessed with respect to precision error (PE%CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). We examined 14 left femurs isolated postmortem from two strains of mice (seven per group). Measurements and analyses were repeated five times on different days. In a second step, analysis was repeated again five times for a single measurement. Resolution dependence was assessed by high-resolution measurements (10 microm) in one strain and subsequent image degrading. Reproducibility was better in full bone compartment and in cortical bone compartment in the diaphysis (PE%CV = 0.06-2.16%) than in trabecular compartment in the distal metaphysis (PE(%CV) = 0.59-5.24%). Nevertheless, ICC (0.92-1.00) showed a very high reliability of the assessed parameters in all regions, indicating very small variances within repeated measurements compared to the population variances. Morphometric indices computed from lower- and higher-resolution images displayed in general only weak dependence and were highly correlated with each other (R2 = 0.91-0.99). The results show that parameters in the full and cortical compartments were very reproducible, whereas precision in the trabecular compartment was somewhat lower. Nevertheless, all compartmental analysis methods were very robust, as shown by the high ICC values, demonstrating high suitability for application in inbred strains, where highest precision is needed due to small population variances.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Normal murine bone morphometry: a comparison of magnetic resonance microscopy with micro X-ray and histology.

OBJECTIVE: The authors have devised a means to assess subtle changes in the structure of bone using magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy. MR microscopy was compared with micro X-ray and histology to analyze the structure of normal bone. DESIGN: Femurs of C57Bl/6 mice were examined ex vivo using differently orientated slices and pulse sequences on both a 9.4 and 11.7 T MR scanner, followed by micro X-ray and histology. A thresholding analysis technique was applied to MR images, to generate contour lines delineating the boundaries between bone and marrow. RESULTS: By MR microscopy, optimal correlation with histological "gold standards" was obtained using a longitudinal sectional versus a cross-sectional slice profile, a short echo time gradient-echo sequence versus a long echo time spin-echo sequence, and a higher field strength, 11.7 T versus 9.4 T. Gradient-echo images at 11.7 T were acquired with a maximum in-plane resolution of 35 microm. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the percent area of marrow increases and percent area of trabecular bone and cortical bone thickness decreases on moving from the epiphyseal growth plate to the diaphysis. These changes observed with MR microscopy correlate with the histological data, but did not correlate with micro X-ray data, which showed no trends. Our quantitative evaluation using MR microscopy was found to be an effective means to visualize the normal variation in bone microanatomy compared with a histological "gold standard", and was a superior means of quantification in comparison with micro X-ray.

Animals↗