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At least 1,081 records · Page 60Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

The working capacity of subjects from an exhibition crowd.

A standard bicycle ergometer test was performed on 60 male volunteers at the Canadian National Exhibition. Most were drawn from Toronto and its environs, and "white-collar" workers predominated. Ages ranged from 19 to 61 years. The Astrand nomogram was used to predict the oxygen uptake of the 45 subjects with a normal resting pulse rate. The older subjects had a lower oxygen uptake than Scandinavian office workers, particularly relative to body weight. This conclusion is subject to the limitations of a non-random sample, but seems independent of the professional-class bias. Almost all subjects exceeded the "ideal" body weight. Working capacity was 20% greater in subjects taking regular exercise than in those who were inactive.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of beta blockers on psychomotor performance--a review.

There is a possibility that beta-receptor blocking drugs may modify psychomotor performance, either peripherally or centrally. The inherent problems in evaluating the effects of drugs on performance are mainly due to interpretation of what is meant by "psychomotor" as the term embraces many mental and physical skills. In addition, statistical validation is often difficult. The current literature is reviewed with these provisos in mind and 24 studies of the effects of beta blockade are discussed. Of these 15 could be assessed as showing "no effect" and, of the remaining 9, improved performance was reported in 6 and impairment in 3. There is a wide variation in the results of such studies but, in general, it would appear that while the clinical use of beta-blocking drugs in aviation may produce an adverse effect on performance, it should be no greater than ordinary day-to-day variation.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1980

Music: a milieu factor with implications for the nurse-therapist.

The effects of one type of music upon the social interactions observed in a group play therapy with ten male children, ages 8 to 10, were studied. A behavioral check list was developed to measure five target behaviors: the children's verbalizations, proximity with group members, proximity with the group co-therapists, involvement in toy exchanges and involvement in acts of physical aggression. The resulting statistical analysis of tabulated data suggests music to be a factor in an increased number of social interactions. Consideration of such a milieu factor as music may prove valuable in many varying situations.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1983

Biomechanical measures of muscular effort.

This paper identifies those particular force and torque quantities that arise most frequently in biomechanical investigations, and which, when appropriately combined with the system's kinematic behavior, appear to be related most directly to muscular effort, i.e., the metabolic cost associated with producing muscle tension, in a joint neighborhood. Depending upon whether the joint distribution problem has been solved, muscular effort is best determined either by the individual variable muscle force magnitudes or by the magnitude of the variable muscle force-dependent component of the resultant joint torque. Discrete biomechanical measures that can be used to represent these continuously-varying scalar functions are identified and examined critically. These include instantaneous measures (e.g., the extremes and other characteristic force, torque, and power values) and interval measures (e.g., average force, torque, and power values, work performed, change in mechanical energy, and linear and angular impulses). If the variation of the effort function is negligible, instantaneous measures may suffice provided there exists a reliable scaling factor relating these quantities to metabolic cost. If the variation of the effort function is appreciable, then properly weighted impulse measures may be the most appropriate because they appear to reflect muscular effort over the widest range of human activities, including those that involve isometric contractions.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

The major psychoses and neuroses as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: substrate pellagra.

Pellagra was once a major cause of three behaviorally different mental disorders-schizophreniform, manic-depressive-like, and phobic neurotic - plus drying dermatoses, autonomic neuropathies, tinnitus, and fatigue. In this preliminary study all three of the corresponding present-day mental diseases are found to exhibit, statistically, the same pellagraform physical disorders but to ameliorate not so much with vitamins as with supplements of a newly discovered trace omega-3 essential fatty acid (w3-EFA), which provides the substrate upon which niacin and other B vitamin holoenzymes act uniquely to form the prostaglandin 3 series tissue hormones regulating neurocircuits en block. Since present-day refining and food selection patterns, as well as pure corn diets, deplete both the B vitamins and W3-EFA, the existence of therapeutically cross-reacting homologous catalyst and substrate deficiency forms of pellagra are postulated, the first contributing to the B vitamin deficiency epidemics of 50-100 years ago, the second to the more recent endemic "Diseases of Western Civilization" which express in certain genetic subgroups as the major mental illnesses of today.

Adult↗